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"Donovan, Rich"
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Exploring a $55-billion untapped market
Canadian business has struggled since 1989 to hire people with disabilities in any material numbers. This is not a uniquely Canadian phenomenon. The experience has been repeated globally by millions of companies.
Newspaper Article
Diverse sediment microbiota shape methane emission temperature sensitivity in Arctic lakes
Northern post-glacial lakes are significant, increasing sources of atmospheric carbon through ebullition (bubbling) of microbially-produced methane (CH
4
) from sediments. Ebullitive CH
4
flux correlates strongly with temperature, reflecting that solar radiation drives emissions. However, here we show that the slope of the temperature-CH
4
flux relationship differs spatially across two post-glacial lakes in Sweden. We compared these CH
4
emission patterns with sediment microbial (metagenomic and amplicon), isotopic, and geochemical data. The temperature-associated increase in CH
4
emissions was greater in lake middles—where methanogens were more abundant—than edges, and sediment communities were distinct between edges and middles. Microbial abundances, including those of CH
4
-cycling microorganisms and syntrophs, were predictive of porewater CH
4
concentrations. Results suggest that deeper lake regions, which currently emit less CH
4
than shallower edges, could add substantially to CH
4
emissions in a warmer Arctic and that CH
4
emission predictions may be improved by accounting for spatial variations in sediment microbiota.
Arctic lakes are strong and increasing sources of atmospheric methane, but extreme conditions and limited observations hinder robust understanding. Here the authors show that microbes in the middle of Arctic lakes have elevated methane producing potential, and are poised to release even more in the future.
Journal Article
Early CPAP versus Surfactant in Extremely Preterm Infants
In this part of a randomized, 2-by-2 factorial trial involving extremely preterm infants, use of intubation and surfactant treatment (within 1 hour after birth) was compared with initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the delivery room and subsequent use of a protocol-driven limited ventilation strategy. The rate of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (the primary outcome) did not differ significantly between the groups; the CPAP group required intubation less frequently and for fewer days than did the surfactant group. These results support consideration of CPAP as an alternative to intubation and surfactant in preterm infants.
Use of intubation and surfactant treatment was compared with initiation of CPAP in the delivery room. The rate of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia did not differ significantly between the groups. The CPAP group required intubation less frequently and for fewer days than did the surfactant group.
It has been shown that surfactant treatment at less than 2 hours of life significantly decreases the rates of death, air leak, and death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.
1
,
2
Overall, prophylactic treatment with surfactant has not been shown to significantly reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia alone, whereas studies comparing early with later rescue use of surfactant have shown that there is a decreased risk of chronic lung disease with early use.
2
Several studies have shown that the use of surfactant does not have a significant effect on the risk of subsequent neurodevelopmental impairment,
3
although a recent follow-up . . .
Journal Article
Causes and Timing of Death in Extremely Premature Infants from 2000 through 2011
This study of temporal trends in mortality among extremely premature infants receiving care in U.S. centers showed declines in overall mortality and in deaths from pulmonary causes, immaturity, infection, and CNS injury. Deaths from necrotizing enterocolitis increased.
Although survival among premature infants has improved, prematurity is a leading contributor to neonatal mortality in the United States.
1
Approximately one in four extremely premature infants born at 22 to 28 weeks of gestation does not survive the birth hospitalization; mortality rates decrease with each additional week of completed gestation.
2
Historically, most extremely premature infants died within a few days after birth.
3
–
5
Among extremely-low-birth-weight infants born at centers in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network between 1993 and 1997, immaturity was the leading cause of death within 12 hours after birth, and . . .
Journal Article
Impact evaluation of the “ABCs of Mental Health” in Denmark and the role of mental health-promoting beliefs and actions
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the overall campaign reach and impact of the ABCs of Mental Health in Denmark; a secondary objective is to investigate how mental health-promoting beliefs and actions are associated with good mental health.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was administered to two representative cross-sectional samples of the Danish population (1,508 respondents in 2019; 1,507 respondents in 2021) via an online survey. The data were subsequently pooled together into one sample consisting of 3,015 respondents. In addition to questions pertaining to campaign reach and impact, the questionnaire also included a validated scale for mental well-being and questions about beliefs and actions in regard to enhancing mental health.
Findings
About 7.6% had been reached by the campaign (familiar with ABC name or messages), or 11.9% when also counting familiarity with campaign slogans. Among these, respondents reported (proportions in parentheses) that the campaign had 1) made them reflect on their mental health (74.2%), talk to friends and family about mental health (35.5%), given them new knowledge about what they can do to enhance mental health (78.4%), or take action to enhance their own mental health (16.2%). An internal well-being locus of control and proactive behaviours towards enhancing mental health are shown to be associated with higher mean scores on mental well-being, lower odds of low mental well-being and higher odds of higher mental well-being.
Originality/value
An internal well-being locus of control and proactive behaviours towards enhancing mental health are suggested to both prevent low levels of mental well-being and promoting high levels of mental well-being. The results indicate that the ABCs of Mental Health campaign may be implemented to promote such beliefs and actions universally throughout the population.
Journal Article
Facultative methylotrophs from the human oral cavity and methylotrophy in strains of Gordonia, Leifsonia, and Microbacterium
We show that bacteria with methylotrophic potential are ubiquitous in the human mouth microbiota. Numerous strains of
Actinobacteria
(
Brevibacterium, Gordonia, Leifsonia, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Rhodococcus
) and
Proteobacteria
(
Achromobacter, Klebsiella, Methylobacterium, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia
) were isolated, and one strain of each of the eleven genera was studied in detail. These strains expressed enzymes associated with methylotrophic metabolism (methanol, methylamine, and formate dehydrogenases), and the assimilation of one-carbon compounds by the serine pathway (hydroxypyruvate reductase). Methylotrophic growth of the strains was enhanced by the addition of glass beads to cultures, suggesting that they may naturally occur in biofilms in the mouth. This is the first report of
Gordonia, Leifsonia,
and
Rhodococcus
being present in the mouth and of the unequivocal demonstration for the first time of the methylotrophic potential of strains of
Gordonia, Leifsonia
, and
Microbacterium
.
Journal Article
Diverse sediment microbiota shape methane emission temperature sensitivity in Arctic lakes
Abstract Northern post-glacial lakes are significant, increasing sources of atmospheric carbon through ebullition (bubbling) of microbially-produced methane (CH4) from sediments. Ebullitive CH4flux correlates strongly with temperature, reflecting that solar radiation drives emissions. However, here we show that the slope of the temperature-CH4flux relationship differs spatially across two post-glacial lakes in Sweden. We compared these CH4emission patterns with sediment microbial (metagenomic and amplicon), isotopic, and geochemical data. The temperature-associated increase in CH4emissions was greater in lake middles—where methanogens were more abundant—than edges, and sediment communities were distinct between edges and middles. Microbial abundances, including those of CH4-cycling microorganisms and syntrophs, were predictive of porewater CH4concentrations. Results suggest that deeper lake regions, which currently emit less CH4than shallower edges, could add substantially to CH4emissions in a warmer Arctic and that CH4emission predictions may be improved by accounting for spatial variations in sediment microbiota.
Journal Article