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"Dotson, Renée"
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Enceladus and the icy moons of Saturn
Enceladus and the Icy Moons of Saturn brings together nearly eighty of the world's top experts to establish what we currently understand about Saturn's moons, while building the framework for the highest-priority questions to be addressed through ongoing spacecraft exploration--Provided by publisher.
Book
Exoplanets
For the first time in human history, we know for certain the existence of planets around other stars. Now the fastest-growing field in space science, the time is right for this fundamental source book on the topic which will lay the foundation for its continued growth.Exoplanetsserves as both an introduction for the non-specialist and a foundation for the techniques and equations used in exoplanet observation by those dedicated to the field.
eBook
Comparative climatology of terrestrial planets
\"Through the contributions of more than sixty leading experts in the field, Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets sets forth the foundations for this emerging new science and brings the reader to the forefront of our current understanding of atmospheric formation and climate evolution\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Protostars and Planets VI
The revolutionary discovery of thousands of confirmed and candidate planets beyond the solar system brings forth the most fundamentalquestion: How do planets and their host stars form and evolve? Protostars and Planets VI brings together more than 250 contributing authors at the forefront of their field, conveying the latest results in this research area and establishing a new foundation for advancing our understanding of stellar and planetary formation.Continuing the tradition of the Protostars and Planets series, this latest volume uniquely integrates the cross-disciplinary aspects of this broad field. Covering an extremely wide range of scales, from the formation of large clouds in our Milky Way galaxy down to small chondrules in our solar system, Protostars and Planets VI takes an encompassing view with the goal of not only highlighting what we know but, most importantly, emphasizing the frontiers of what we do not know.As a vehicle for propelling forward new discoveries on stars, planets, and their origins, this latest volume in the Space Science Series is an indispensable resource for both current scientists and new students in astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, and the study of meteorites.
eBook
Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets
The early development of life, a fundamental question for humankind, requires the presence of a suitable planetary climate. Our understanding of how habitable planets come to be begins with the worlds closest to home. Venus, Earth, and Mars differ only modestly in their mass and distance from the Sun, yet their current climates could scarcely be more divergent. Only Earth has abundant liquid water, Venus has a runaway greenhouse, and evidence for life-supporting conditions on Mars points to a bygone era. In addition, an Earth-like hydrologic cycle has been revealed in a surprising place: Saturn's cloud-covered satellite Titan has liquid hydrocarbon rain, lakes, and river networks.Deducing the initial conditions for these diverse worlds and unraveling how and why they diverged to their current climates is a challenge at the forefront of planetary science. Through the contributions of more than sixty leading experts in the field,Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planetssets forth the foundations for this emerging new science and brings the reader to the forefront of our current understanding of atmospheric formation and climate evolution. Particular emphasis is given to surface-atmosphere interactions, evolving stellar flux, mantle processes, photochemistry, and interactions with the interplanetary environment, all of which influence the climatology of terrestrial planets. From this cornerstone, both current professionals and most especially new students are brought to the threshold, enabling the next generation of new advances in our own solar system and beyond.Contents
Part I: FoundationsJim HansenMark BullockScot RafkinCaitlin GriffithShawn Domagal-Goldman and Antigona SeguraKevin ZahnlePart II: The Greenhouse Effect and Atmospheric DynamicsCurt CoveyG. Schubert and J. MitchellTim DowlingFrancois Forget and Sebastien LebonnoisVladimir KrasnopolskyAdam ShowmanPart III: Clouds, Hazes, and PrecipitationLarry EspositoA. Määttänen, K. Pérot, F. Montmessin, and A. HauchecorneNilton RennoZibi TurtleMark MarleyPart IV: Surface-Atmosphere InteractionsColin GoldblattTeresa Segura et al.John GrotzingerAdrian LenardicD. A. Brain, F. Leblanc, J. G. Luhmann, T. E. Moore, and F. TianPart V: Solar Influences on Planetary ClimateAaron ZentJerry HarderF. Tian, E. Chassefiere, F. Leblanc, and D. BrainDavid Des Marais
eBook
Asteroids IV
Over the past decade, asteroids have come to the forefront of planetary science. Scientists across broad disciplines are increasingly recognizing that understanding asteroids is essential to discerning the basic processes of planetary formation, including how their current distribution bespeaks our solar system's cataclysmic past. For explorers, the nearest asteroids beckon as the most accessible milestones in interplanetary space, offering spaceflight destinations easier to reach than the lunar surface. For futurists, the prospects of asteroids as commercial resources tantalize as a twenty-first-century gold rush, albeit with far greater challenges than faced by nineteenth-century pioneers. For humanity, it is the realization that asteroids matter. It is not a question of if - but when - the next major impact will occur. While the disaster probabilities are thankfully small, fully cataloging and characterizing the potentially hazardous asteroid population remains unfinished business.Asteroids IV sets the latest scientific foundation upon which all these topics and more will be built upon for the future. Nearly 150 international authorities through more than 40 chapters convey the definitive state of the field by detailing our current astronomical, compositional, geological, and geophysical knowledge of asteroids, as well as their unique physical processes and interrelationships with comets and meteorites. Most importantly, this volume outlines the outstanding questions that will focus and drive researchers and students of all ages toward new advances in the coming decade and beyond.
eBook
Peer-Delivered Interventions Reduce HIV Risk Behaviors among Out-of-Treatment Drug Abusers
Objective: The purpose of this chapter is to describe the results of a randomized study (funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA]) comparing a peer-delivered enhanced intervention to the NIDA standard intervention for reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors. Methods: Data come from the ongoing St. Louis EachOne TeachOne (EOTO) study on HIV risk behaviors among out-of-treatment crack cocaine users and injecting drug users (IDUs). The study has a randomized prospective design, and for this chapter, three risk behaviors were analyzed--the frequency of crack cocaine use and the number of sex partners and condom use over the past 30-day period. We report the level of risk at baseline and at the three-month follow-up period to determine the proportion of individuals improving or worsening based on a dichotomous outcome in which remaining at low risk or decreasing moderate or high risk behaviors is considered \"improving\" and increasing risk behavior or remaining at moderate or high risk is considered \"worsening.\" Results: Overall, 80% of the sample \"improved\" their crack cocaine use, meaning they maintained at low level or reduced their use. Although both the standard and enhanced intervention groups made substantial improvement in their crack cocaine use, individuals in the enhanced intervention group were statistically more likely to reduce their risk than those assigned to the standard intervention (83% vs. 76%, P < 0.05). As for the number of sex partners, 75% of the overall sample improved; that is, they reduced the number of sex partners or remained abstinent or in a one-partner relationship at baseline and follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference between the enhanced and standard groups (76% vs. 73%). Stratified by gender, the results showed a trend toward improvement among women assigned to the enhanced intervention compared with those assigned to the standard. In terms of condom use, the overall sample worsened more than it improved (65% vs. 44%), and no differences were found between the enhanced and standard groups. Conclusions: These findings show that the use of peers as role models in promoting HIV risk reduction is feasible and effective among out-of-treatment drug abusers, particularly for drug use itself. Condom use was found to be more difficult to change than other behaviors. Possible reasons for this lack of improvement and suggestions for future interventions are given.
Journal Article