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يتناول كتاب (ماوتسي يونج) وهو صاحب سيرة طويلة عبر ما يقرب من سبعين عاما، نشأ في ريف الصين لأب فلاح فقير، استهوته الماركسية فانتمى إليها، ثم صار أحد نجومها في الحزب الشيوعي الصيني، ثم صار رئيسا للحزب، ثم استقل بعرش الصين وجلس عليه حوالي ثلاثين عاما، قاد فيها الصين برؤيته الخاصة فصنع منها دولة قوية في وقت وجيز، ولا يزال كتابه الأحمر مرجعا أساسيا للفكر الصيني والسياسة الصينية، بل إن دواوين شعره هي الأكثر مبيعا في الصين، ولا تزال سيرته مقصد كثير من المطلعين.‪

The structural transformations of metal nanoclusters are typically quite complex processes involving the formation and breakage of several bonds, and thus are challenging to study. Herein, we report a case where two lacunary Keggin polyoxometallate templated silver single-pods [PW 9 O 34 @Ag 51 ] (SD/Ag51b) fuse to a double-pod [(PW 9 O 34 ) 2 @Ag 72 ] by reacting with 4,4’-bipyridine (bipy) or 1,4-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)piperazine (pi-bipy). Their crystal structures reveal the formation of a 2D 4 4 - sql layer (SD/Ag72a) with bipy and a 3D pcu framework (SD/Ag72c) with pi-bipy. The PW 9 O 34 9− retains its structure during the cluster fusion and cluster-based network formation. Although the two processes, stripping of an Ag-ligands interface followed by fusion, and polymerization, are difficult to envisage, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry provides enough evidences for such a proposal to be made. Through this example, we expect the structural transformation to become a powerful method for synthesizing silver nanoclusters and their infinite networks, and to evolve from trial-and-error to rational. Controlling the structural transformations of metal clusters is challenging. Here, the authors synthesize a silver nanocluster and study the structural changes that take place upon reaction with bipyridine derivatives.

Background Shotgun metagenomics based on untargeted sequencing can explore the taxonomic profile and the function of unknown microorganisms in samples, and complement the shortage of amplicon sequencing. Binning assembled sequences into individual groups, which represent microbial genomes, is the key step and a major challenge in metagenomic research. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods have been employed in binning. Genome binning belonging to unsupervised method clusters contigs into individual genome bins by machine learning methods without the assistance of any reference databases. So far a lot of genome binning tools have emerged. Evaluating these genome tools is of great significance to microbiological research. In this study, we evaluate 15 genome binning tools containing 12 original binning tools and 3 refining binning tools by comparing the performance of these tools on chicken gut metagenomic datasets and the first CAMI challenge datasets. Results For chicken gut metagenomic datasets, original genome binner MetaBat, Groopm2 and Autometa performed better than other original binner, and MetaWrap combined the binning results of them generated the most high-quality genome bins. For CAMI datasets, Groopm2 achieved the highest purity (> 0.9) with good completeness (> 0.8), and reconstructed the most high-quality genome bins among original genome binners. Compared with Groopm2, MetaBat2 had similar performance with higher completeness and lower purity. Genome refining binners DASTool predicated the most high-quality genome bins among all genomes binners. Most genome binner performed well for unique strains. Nonetheless, reconstructing common strains still is a substantial challenge for all genome binner. Conclusions In conclusion, we tested a set of currently available, state-of-the-art metagenomics hybrid binning tools and provided a guide for selecting tools for metagenomic binning by comparing range of purity, completeness, adjusted rand index, and the number of high-quality reconstructed bins. Furthermore, available information for future binning strategy were concluded.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin condition that affects approximately 10% to 20% of children, imposing substantial health and economic burdens. Although education for patients and caregivers is acknowledged as a crucial element in the management of AD, conventional approaches, such as workshops or in-person consultations, are often resource intensive and face challenges related to scalability, personalization, and relapse prevention. Digital tools present promising alternatives; however, empirical evidence supporting their effectiveness in young children is currently limited. This study aimed to evaluate whether a smartphone-based patient-caregiver educational program could reduce relapse rates in children aged 0 to 6 years with moderate-to-severe AD, compared with conventional outpatient consultation alone. In this multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled trial, 615 children were enrolled across 12 tertiary pediatric dermatology centers in China and randomized (1:1) to receive either a smartphone-based digital education program with standard care (intervention group) or conventional face-to-face consultation only (control group). The 12-week digital program, delivered via the WeChat-based Skin Care E-Station platform, included structured multimedia modules, interactive educational materials, and a dynamic electronic action plan tailored to the child's age and disease stage. The primary endpoint was the 12-week relapse rate after the acute treatment phase. The secondary endpoints included changes in disease severity (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis, Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale, and Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure) and quality of life (Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index or Infant's Dermatitis Quality of Life Index and Dermatitis Family Impact) up to 52 weeks. Among 615 randomized participants (mean age 3.3, SD 1.7 y; n=317, 51.5% male), relapse at 12 weeks occurred significantly less frequently in the digital education group than in the control group (16.6% vs 24.0%; relative risk 0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.96; P=.02). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed superior relapse-free survival over the first 100 days (hazard ratio 0.688, 95% CI 0.490-0.966; P=.03). Differences in relapse rates beyond 12 weeks and in secondary outcomes were not statistically significant. Engagement tracking indicated high adherence to the intervention, with 58.0% of caregivers maintaining regular weekly use of the digital platform. A structured smartphone-based patient-caregiver educational intervention significantly reduced short-term relapse risk among young children with moderate-to-severe AD, likely through improved caregiver recognition and early management of disease flares. Although effects diminished beyond 12 weeks, this approach demonstrates that scalable digital education is a feasible and effective adjunct to standard care in pediatric AD. Future research should focus on sustaining engagement, optimizing long-term reinforcement, and assessing cost-effectiveness in diverse caregiver populations.

Background Breast cancer represents the most prevalent form of tumors among females and is characterized by a significant genetic component. The brain is a frequent site of metastasis for breast cancer. Although numerous loci associated with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) have been identified, the critical regulatory genes underlying BCBM remain largely unclear. Methods The FinnGen R11 dataset was combined with Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) for Transcriptome-wide Association Study (TWAS). The Unified Test for Molecular Signatures (UTMOST), Multimarker Analysis of Genomic Annotation (MAGMA), and Functional Summary-based Imputation (FUSION) were used to identify candidate genes. Summary-data-based mendelian randomization (SMR) and co-localization were performed further to elucidate the association between key genes and BCBM. Finally, multiple external cohorts were obtained to validate the findings. Result In our study, 12 new genes associated with breast cancer were identified with TWAS. Subsequently, both SMR and co-localization have shown that CAPS8 was only expressed in brain tissues including frontal cortex and cerebellar hemispheres associated with breast cancer. Potential regulation of CASP8 could occur in BCBM. Finally, the findings were ultimately validated by external clinical cohorts. Conclusion Our study identified key gene CASP8, which was associated with BCBM, providing new insights into the occurrence of BCBM.

Background Breast cancer is a highly prevalent tumor worldwide. Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis is a novel type of cell death induced by mitochondrial membrane disruption. The roles of MPT-driven necrosis in breast cancer remain unclear. Methods Gene expression and clinicopathologic features were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. We performed a genome landscape analysis of MPT-driven necrosis (MPTdn)-related genes, and a consensus clustering analysis was conducted to construct MPTdn clusters. Next, a risk model was established based on the differentially expressed genes related to MPTdn. We grouped and used external data sets to verify the stability of the model. Subsequently, immune correlation analysis, clinical correlation assessment and drug sensitivity analysis were conducted. Finally, candidate genes were validated in the protein and mRNA levels. Results A total of 39 MPTdn-related genes were identified in our analysis. Most MPTdn-related genes had different expression levels and somatic mutations in breast cancer, and a close interaction was noted among them. A risk model composed of BCL2A1, SCUBE2, NPY1R and CLIC6 was constructed. The low-risk group had better overall survival and higher immune infiltration levels. All three external data sets achieved excellent predictive efficacy. Finally, the immunohistochemistry results indicated that BCL2A1, SCUBE2, NPY1R and CLIC6 were expressed at significantly lower levels in breast cancer tissues, and the transcriptome sequencing results revealed that BCL2A1 and SCUBE2 mRNA expression levels were greater in the nonrecurrence group. Conclusions We developed a risk model with excellent predictive efficacy based on MPTdn and revealed that BCL2A1, SCUBE2, NPY1R and CLIC6 could be used as the biomarkers, laying a solid foundation for investigations of therapeutic targets of breast cancer.

The Notch signaling pathway is related to endothelial dysfunction in coronary atherosclerosis. Our objective was to explore the role of Notch signaling in coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). CMD models were constructed by sodium laurate injection in vivo and homocysteine (Hcy) stimulation in vitro. The binding ability of Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD)/H3K9Ac/GCN5 (General Control Non-derepressible 5) to Neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1) promoter was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect CD31 positive cells, NICD localization, and co-localization of NICD and GCN5. Flow cytometry and Tunel staining were conducted to identify the apoptosis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, immunohistochemical staining, co-immunoprecipitation, and double luciferase report analysis were also conducted. Notch signaling pathway-related protein levels were decreased, levels of Nrg-1 and the phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB4 were enhanced in CMD models. Interference with Nrg-1 further increased the apoptosis in Hcy-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Meanwhile, the activation of the Notch signaling pathway increased the levels of Nrg-1 and the phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB4, as well as inhibited the apoptosis induced by Hcy. Furthermore, NICD and histone acetyltransferase enzyme GCN5 could regulate Nrg-1 promoter activity by affecting the expression of acetylation-modified protein H3K9Ac. In addition, NICD also interacted with GCN5. In vivo results also confirmed that the activation of the Notch signal alleviated CMD. Notch signaling pathway regulates Nrg-1 level through synergistic interaction with GCN5, thereby mitigating CMD.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1695120.].

Changes in the rhizosphere microbiome and metabolites resulting from crop intercropping can significantly enhance crop growth. While there has been an increasing number of studies on various crop combinations, research on the intercropping of tobacco and maize at seedling stage remains limited. This study is the first to explore rhizosphere effects of intercropping between tobacco and maize seedling stages, we analyzed the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil, and revealed the important effects on soil microbial community composition and metabolite profiles, thereby regulating crop growth and improving soil balance. Compared with mono-cropping, intercropping increased the biomass of the two crops and promoted the nutrient absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Under intercropping conditions, the activities of sucrase, catalase and nitrate reductase in tobacco rhizosphere soil and the content of available potassium, the activities of nitrate reductase and acid phosphatase in maize rhizosphere soil were significantly increasing. Rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal communities such as Sphingomonas, Massilia, Humicola and Penicillium respond differently to crop planting patterns, and soil dominant microbial communities are regulated by environmental factors such as pH, Organic Matter, Available Potassium, Nitrate Reductase, and Urease Enzyme. Network analysis showed that soil microbial communities were more complex after intercropping, and the reciprocal relationship between bacteria and fungi was enhanced. The difference of metabolites in soil between intercropping and monocropping system was mainly concentrated in galactose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and the content of carbohydrate metabolites was significantly higher than that of monocropping soil. Key metabolites such as D-Sucrose, D-Fructose-6-Phosphate, D-Glucose-1-Phosphatel significantly influence the composition of dominant microbial communities such as Sphingomonas and Penicillium. This study explained the effects of intercropping between flue-cured tobacco and maize on the content of soil metabolites and soil microbial composition in rhizosphere soil, and deepened the understanding that intercropping system can improve the growth of flue-cured crops seedlings through rhizosphere effects.

Background Underlying causes in Chinese children with recurrent acute liver failure (RALF), including liver crises less than full acute liver failure, are incompletely understood. We sought to address this by searching for genes mutated in such children. Methods Five unrelated Chinese boys presenting between 2012 and 2015 with RALF of unexplained etiology were studied. Results of whole exome sequencing were screened for mutations in candidate genes. Mutations were verified in patients and their family members by Sanger sequencing. All 5 boys underwent liver biopsy. Results NBAS was the only candidate gene mutated in more than one patient (biallelic mutations, 3 of 5 patients; 5 separate mutations). All NBAS mutations were novel and predictedly pathogenic (frameshift insertion mutation c.6611_6612insCA, missense mutations c.2407G > A and c.3596G > A, nonsense mutation c.586C > T, and splicing-site mutation c.5389 + 1G > T). Of these mutations, 3 lay in distal (C-terminal) regions of NBAS, a novel distribution. Unlike the 2 patients without NBAS mutations, the 3 patients with confirmed NBAS mutations all suffered from a febrile illness before each episode of liver crisis (fever-related RALF), with markedly elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities 24-72 h after elevation of body temperature, succeeded by severe coagulopathy and mild to moderate jaundice. Conclusions As in other countries, so too in China; NBAS disease is a major cause of fever-related RALF in children. The mutation spectrum of NBAS in Chinese children seems different from that described in other populations.