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"Dougherty, Martin J"
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sabre industries EXPANSION PROJECT
The decision by Sabre Industries to build a new 150-acre campus facility in Sioux City, IA, and the challenges overcome throughout the process, illustrate key elements of a comprehensive and innovative approach to economic growth in a medium-sized community. This expansion project also highlights the success and improving potential of American advanced manufacturing. Critical components of the Sabre story include: 1. the importance of a long term strong relationship between economic development and company officials, 2. the need for long-term planning and pro-active investment in industrial-scale infrastructure and quality shovel-ready sites, and 3. the sometimes highly competitive nature of site selection decisions and how creative solutions can solve key challenges. The overall approach taken to the Sabre expansion project in Sioux City is replicable and can be adapted for use in other places. Sabre products are designed, engineered, and built in the US and sold nationally and internationally.
Journal Article
JUDICIAL DUELS
The judicial duel, or trial by combat, was a uniquely medieval concept born out of the judicial system of the time. Guilt or innocence were likely to be less important than the relative power and popularity of the accused and accuser, making it difficult to come to a fair judgement based upon the testimony of witnesses alone – if a fair judgement was desired at all.
Magazine Article
Ignoring the Affluent Is Bad Strategy on Heroin
Michael Massing (Op-Ed, Dec. 6) is right to point out that drug addiction in the inner cities continues to afflict the homeless, the unemployed and emotionally disturbed, but his cursory dismissal of the increase of use in the middle and upper classes is tantamount to the oblivious state of policy makers.
Newspaper Article
Activation of groups of excitatory neurons in the mammalian spinal cord or hindbrain evokes locomotion
Hägglund
et al
. have generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses channelrhodopsin2 selectively in cells expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2. Using these mice, they find that activation of glutamatergic neurons in spinal cord is critical for initiating or maintaining locomotor-like activity.
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are spinal neuronal networks required for locomotion. Glutamatergic neurons have been implicated as being important for intrinsic rhythm generation in the CPG and for the command signal for initiating locomotion, although this has not been demonstrated directly. We used a newly generated vesicular glutamate transporter 2–channelrhodopsin2–yellow fluorescent protein (Vglut2-ChR2-YFP) mouse to directly examine the functional role of glutamatergic neurons in rhythm generation and initiation of locomotion. This mouse line expressed ChR2-YFP in the spinal cord and hindbrain. ChR2-YFP was reliably expressed in Vglut2-positive cells and YFP-expressing cells could be activated by light. Photo-stimulation of either the lumbar spinal cord or the caudal hindbrain was sufficient to both initiate and maintain locomotor-like activity. Our results indicate that glutamatergic neurons in the spinal cord are critical for initiating or maintaining the rhythm and that activation of hindbrain areas containing the locomotor command regions is sufficient to directly activate the spinal locomotor network.
Journal Article
Aircraft
Since men originally took flight in the early 20th century, the field of aviation has grown and changed. Aircraft have grown larger, safer, and more efficient. Flight has grown from a novelty to a way of life. Aviation has turned the tide of wars and changed history. Readers take a detailed look at aviation, going inside individual aircraft used in modern warfare. Aircraft enthusiasts can compare speeds and combat capabilities with charts and detailed illustrations.
Book
Optogenetic dissection reveals multiple rhythmogenic modules underlying locomotion
Neural networks in the spinal cord known as central pattern generators produce the sequential activation of muscles needed for locomotion. The overall locomotor network architectures in limbed vertebrates have been much debated, and no consensus exists as to how they are structured. Here, we use optogenetics to dissect the excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations and probe the organization of the mammalian central pattern generator. We find that locomotor-like rhythmic bursting can be induced unilaterally or independently in flexor or extensor networks. Furthermore, we show that individual flexor motor neuron pools can be recruited into bursting without any activity in other nearby flexor motor neuron pools. Our experiments differentiate among several proposed models for rhythm generation in the vertebrates and show that the basic structure underlying the locomotor network has a distributed organization with many intrinsically rhythmogenic modules.
Journal Article