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Personalized functional brain developmental trajectories can be studied with Precision Functional Mapping (PFM). Our previous work has demonstrated that PFM can be achieved in infants despite rapid brain growth. However, even with extensive data collection (up to 1 hour of fMRI), the reliability and precision of these maps remain lower than those observed in youth and adults - particularly within subcortical structures. In this work we demonstrate the utility of high-field 7T MRI compared to 3T MRI for facilitating PFM in infants. We showcase data from multi-echo fMRI acquisitions in the same infants at both 7T and 3T and demonstrate that 7T imaging in infants is safe and feasible with our subject-specific safety workflow. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of a higher magnetic field strength affords a spatial resolution more appropriately matched to infants' smaller head and brain sizes, yielding notable improvements in data quality, especially for PFM. The increase in both spatial precision and reliability also suggests that 7T MRI can reduce the amount of data required for PFM. Last, we show how ultra-high field imaging can help us study the development of subcortical-to-cortical connectivity patterns, crucial for understanding brain development during this developmental window. 7T MRI is a promising new avenue for developmental cognitive neuroscience.

Given the hierarchical nature and structure of field schools, enrolled students are particularly susceptible to harassment and assault. In 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) released recommendations to help prevent sexual harassment and assault of women in academia. Although these recommendations are specific to higher education and exclusive to women, some can be modified and applied to the context of archaeological field schools. We review the NASEM's recommendations, with particular attention to those applicable to the field school setting, and provide suggestions for making field schools safer and more inclusive learning environments for all students. Although we present recommendations for practices that can be implemented at field schools, additional research is needed to understand how sexual harassment occurs at field schools and how the implementation of these recommendations can make learning safer. Dada la naturaleza jerárquica y la estructura de las escuelas de campo, los estudiantes matriculados son particularmente susceptibles al acoso y la agresión. En 2018, las Academias Nacionales de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Medicina (NASEM, por sus siglas en inglés) publico recomendaciones para ayudar a prevenir el acoso sexual y el asalto de mujeres en la academia. Aunque estas recomendaciones son específicas para la educación superior y exclusivas para las mujeres, algunas pueden modificarse y aplicarse al contexto de las escuelas de campo arqueológico. Revisamos las recomendaciones de NASEM con especial atención a las aplicables al entorno de las escuelas de campo y brindamos sugerencias para hacer que las escuelas de campo sean entornos de aprendizaje mas seguros e inclusivos para todos los estudiantes. Aunque presentamos recomendaciones para prácticas que se pueden implementar en las escuelas de campo, se necesita investigación adicional para comprender como ocurre el acoso sexual en las escuelas de campo y como la implementación de estas recomendaciones puede hacer que el aprendizaje sea mas seguro para todos los estudiantes.

Background Improving access to medication treatment of opioid use disorder (MOUD) is a national priority, yet common modifiable barriers (e.g., limited provider knowledge, negative beliefs about MOUD) often challenge implementation of MOUD delivery. To address these barriers, the VA launched a multifaceted implementation intervention focused on planning and educational strategies to increase MOUD delivery in 18 medical facilities. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a multifaceted intervention approach to increase MOUD delivery changed providers’ perceptions about MOUD over the first year of implementation. Methods Cross-disciplinary teams of clinic providers and leadership from primary care, pain, and mental health clinics at 18 VA medical facilities received invitations to complete an anonymous, electronic survey prior to intervention launch (baseline) and at 12- month follow-up. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics, and changes over time were compared using regression models adjusted for gender and prescriber status, and clustered on facility. Responses to open-ended questions were thematically analyzed using a template analysis approach. Results Survey response rates at baseline and follow-up were 57.1% (56/98) and 50.4% (61/121), respectively. At both time points, most respondents agreed that MOUD delivery is important (94.7 vs. 86.9%), lifesaving (92.8 vs. 88.5%) and evidence-based (85.2 vs. 89.5%). Over one-third (37.5%) viewed MOUD delivery as time-consuming, and only 53.7% affirmed that clinic providers wanted to prescribe MOUD at baseline; similar responses were seen at follow-up (34.5 and 52.4%, respectively). Respondents rated their knowledge about OUD, comfort discussing opioid use with patients, job satisfaction, ability to help patients with OUD, and support from colleagues favorably at both time points. Respondents’ ratings of MOUD delivery filling a gap in care were high but declined significantly from baseline to follow-up (85.7 vs. 73.7%, p < 0.04). Open-ended responses identified implementation barriers including lack of support to diagnose and treat OUD and lack of time. Conclusions Although perceptions about MOUD generally were positive, targeted education and planning strategies did not improve providers’ and clinical leaders’ perceptions of MOUD over time. Strategies that improve leaders’ prioritization and support of MOUD and address time constraints related to delivering MOUD may increase access to MOUD in non-substance use treatment clinics.

Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) is gaining traction worldwide, including in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Ecosystem models, such as applications of the Atlantis and Ecospace modeling approaches, are key tools for assisting EBFM. Patterns of spatial overlap between exploited fish species, other species of concern such as marine mammals and sea turtles, and human activities can have a large influence on the predictions made by ecosystem models, but these patterns are usually not well defined. We developed methods for producing distribution maps for the cetacean, sirenian, and sea turtle groups represented in the Atlantis model of the GOM, and employed a method, initially designed for fish and invertebrates, for generating preference functions for the dolphin species represented in the Ecospace model of the West Florida Shelf. Preference functions specify the preferences of species for certain environmental conditions and are used by Ecospace to allocate species biomasses in space. We also took advantage of our mapping outputs to estimate the percentage of spatial overlap between the hotspots of cetaceans and sea turtles in the US GOM and their areas of bycatch in the US pelagic longline fishery. The present study provides new insights into the spatial distribution patterns of marine mammals and sea turtles in the GOM large marine ecosystem, including the first quantitatively supported maps of Florida manatee (sirenian) distribution along the entire US GOM coast. Efforts such as ours should be continued for improving the reliability of ecosystem models and, thereby, advancing EBFM worldwide.

Research indicates that sexual harassment and assault commonly occur during archaeological field research, and students, trainees, and early career professionals are more frequently subjected to harassing behaviors compared to mid-career and senior scientists. Specific to archaeological education, the undergraduate educational requirement of a field school puts students and trainees in situations where harassment historically has been unchecked. We present the results of a systematic content analysis of 24 sets of field school documents. We analyzed these documents with attention to how field school policies, procedures, and language may impact students’ perceptions of their expected behaviors, logistics and means of reporting, and stated policies surrounding sexual harassment and assault. Coding was conducted using an a priori coding scheme to identify practices that should lead to a safe and supportive field learning environment. Our coding scheme resulted in 11 primary codes that we summarized as three primary themes: (1) field school organization and expected student behavior, (2) logistics of the course, and (3) stated policies surrounding sexual harassment and assault. Based on these themes, we provide recommendations to modify field school documents and practices to create a field school that provides safe opportunities for students to learn. Las investigaciones indican que el acoso y la agresión sexual, ocurren comúnmente durante la investigación de campo arqueológica y los estudiantes, aprendices y profesionales que están iniciando su carrera, están sujetos con mayor frecuencia a comportamientos de acoso en comparación con los científicos que van por la mitad de su carrea y los de alto nivel. Específicamente para la educación arqueológica, el requisito educativo de pregrado de una escuela de campo coloca a los estudiantes y aprendices en situaciones donde históricamente el acoso no ha sido controlado. Presentamos los resultados de un análisis de contenido sistemático del plan de estudio de 24 escuelas de campo. Revisamos estos documentos prestando atención a cómo las políticas, los procedimientos y el lenguaje de las escuelas de campo, pueden afectar las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre los comportamientos esperados, la logística, los medios de denuncia y las políticas declaradas en torno al acoso y la agresión sexual. La codificación de documentos se llevó a cabo utilizando un esquema de codificación deductiva, para identificar prácticas que deberían conducir a un entorno de aprendizaje de campo seguro y de apoyo. Nuestro esquema de codificación resultó en 11 códigos primarios que resumimos en tres temas principales: (1) organización de la escuela de campo y comportamiento esperado de los estudiantes, (2) logística del curso, y (3) políticas declaradas en torno al acoso y la agresión sexual. Basado en estos temas, proporcionamos varias recomendaciones para modificar los programas y las prácticas de las escuelas de campo, para asi crear una escuela de campo que brinde oportunidades seguras para que los estudiantes puedan aprender.

With increasing rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) and overdose deaths in the US, increased access to medications for OUD (MOUD) is paramount. Rigorous effectiveness evaluations of large-scale implementation initiatives using quasi-experimental designs are needed to inform expansion efforts. To evaluate a US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) initiative to increase MOUD use in nonaddiction clinics. This quality improvement initiative used interrupted time series design to compare trends in MOUD receipt. Primary care, pain, and mental health clinics in the VA health care system (n = 35) located at 18 intervention facilities and nonintervention comparison clinics (n = 35) were matched on preimplementation MOUD prescribing trends, clinic size, and facility complexity. The cohort of patients with OUD who received care in intervention or comparison clinics in the year after September 1, 2018, were evaluated. The preimplementation period extended from September 1, 2017, through August 31, 2018, and the postimplementation period from September 1, 2018, through August 31, 2019. The multifaceted implementation intervention included education, external facilitation, and quarterly reports. The main outcomes were the proportion of patients receiving MOUD and the number of patients per clinician prescribing MOUD. Segmented logistic regression evaluated monthly proportions of MOUD receipt 1 year before and after initiative launch, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Poisson regression models examined yearly changes in clinician prescribing over the same time frame. Overall, 7488 patients were seen in intervention clinics (mean [SD] age, 53.3 [14.2] years; 6858 [91.6%] male; 1476 [19.7%] Black, 417 [5.6%] Hispanic; 5162 [68.9%] White; 239 [3.2%] other race [including American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and multiple races]; and 194 [2.6%] unknown) and 7558 in comparison clinics (mean [SD] age, 53.4 [14.0] years; 6943 [91.9%] male; 1463 [19.4%] Black; 405 [5.4%] Hispanic; 5196 [68.9%] White; 244 [3.2%] other race; 250 [3.3%] unknown). During the preimplementation year, the proportion of patients receiving MOUD in intervention clinics increased monthly by 5.0% (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.07). Accounting for this preimplementation trend, the proportion of patients receiving MOUD increased monthly by an additional 2.3% (AOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04) during the implementation year. Comparison clinics increased by 2.6% monthly before implementation (AOR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04), with no changes detected after implementation. Although preimplementation-year trends in monthly MOUD receipt were similar in intervention and comparison clinics, greater increases were seen in intervention clinics after implementation (AOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08). Patients treated with MOUD per clinician in intervention clinics saw greater increases from before to after implementation compared with comparison clinics (incidence rate ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.28-1.77). A multifaceted implementation initiative in nonaddiction clinics was associated with increased MOUD prescribing. Findings suggest that engagement of clinicians in general clinical settings may increase MOUD access.

The Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions - United States, 2015 (hereafter referred to as the summary) contains the official statistics, in tabular and graphical form, for the reported occurrence of nationally notifiable infectious diseases and conditions in the United States for 2015. Unless otherwise noted, data are final totals for 2015 reported as of June 30, 2016. These statistics are collected and compiled from reports sent by U.S. state and territories, New York City, and District of Columbia health departments to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS), which is operated by CDC in collaboration with the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE). This summary is available at https://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/MMWR_nd/index.html. This site also includes summary publications from previous years.

The Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions-United States, 2014 (hereafter referred to as the summary) contains the official statistics, in tabular and graphic form, for the reported occurrence of nationally notifiable infectious diseases and conditions in the United States for 2014. Unless otherwise noted, data are final totals for 2014 reported as of June 30, 2015. These statistics are collected and compiled from reports sent by U.S. state and territory, New York City, and District of Columbia health departments to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS), which is operated by CDC in collaboration with the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE). This summary is available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_nd/index.html. This site also includes summary publications from previous years.

The Covid-19 pandemic had an immediate and substantial impact on the commercial real estate (CRE) market-emptying workplaces, shopping centers, and hotels, thus affecting the cash flows of businesses occupying commercial space and in turn the ability of commercial space owners to meet their debt obligations. [...]any loan losses resulting from the pandemic will not fall uniformly across the banking sector. When tenants experience financial stress, their ability to pay rent, renew their lease, and/or demand new space is affected, and in turn the likelihood that the property owner (borrower) can make good on their mortgage payments decreases. The first quarter of 2021 marked the fourth consecutive quarter in which vacant office space increased by 80 bps or more. Because office space is typically leased for three- to five-year terms, it is possible that this trend will continue throughout 2021 and into 2022 as existing leases expire and tenants are forced to make decisions about space requirements under new work arrangements.