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This research presents a virtual reality flight simulator (VRFS) that combines the advantages of desktop simulations and hardware mock-ups, i.e., the flexibility of a desktop flight simulation with the level of immersion close to a full flight simulator. In contrast to similar existing virtual reality flight simulators, the presented system focuses on human factors (HF) engineering and is used for evaluating flight decks in an early phase of the design process. Hence, HF tools that are based on HF methods have been integrated; applying these methods requires collecting objective (e.g., eye tracking, physiological data, head and finger movements) as well as subjective data (e.g., questionnaires). In this paper, three user studies are presented that demonstrate the application of the integrated HF methods and the general usability of the system. These studies have been conducted as part of human–machine interface (HMI) development projects and range from basic cognitive research to HMI evaluations using realistic scenarios. The user studies indicate that HF engineering with the help of this system is possible and a feasible alternative to other means of evaluation. Yet, the abilities are limited due to technological and physiological constraints. This is why the scope of the VRFS lies between desktop simulations and a full hardware mock-up and cannot replace either of those. However, the presented studies show that the system can provide reliable information on the interaction with HMI. Thus, it is a reliable low-cost addition in the early development process of cockpit human machine interaction technologies when it comes to HF evaluations.

An evolutionary perspective on the Confessio Belgica: A systematical-theological exploration. The aim of this study is to point out that the Confessio Belgica creates the opportunity to listen to both the voices of the natural sciences (especially in regard to the process of evolution) and the findings of the historical sciences. The important point of this discussion is that the human being is an evolutionary part of the process of creation. Man can no longer be seen as the ruler of creation in a personal and static sense. In the light of this we have to truly listen again to the witness of the Bible and the way in which it is formulated in the confessions of the church. The views of Wentzel van Huyssteen, Rob Bell and N.T. Wright are examples of how to respond, against the background of the science-theology debate, to the questions: Who was Jesus? and What did He do? Their insights might help us to proclaim the cosmic meaning of the message of the Gospel with integrity in a modern and postmodern world.

It is important to understand the electrolyte–electrode interactions for fabricating graphene oxide (GO)- and ionic liquid (IL)-based ultracapacitors. Therefore, we explored how the type and size of the cations in various ILs determine the nature of processed materials. In all cases, the ILs intercalate into the graphitic structure but marked differences are observed during exfoliation via thermal reduction. The combination of a long alkyl chain ammonium-based cation and a large-volume anion leads to strong interactions and defect formation, as evidenced by CO2 production during annealing. In contrast, using the same anions but different cations stabilize the GO functional groups below 400 °C.

An evolutionary perspective on the Confessio Belgica: A systematical-theological exploration. The aim of this study is to point out that the Confessio Belgica creates the opportunity to listen to both the voices of the natural sciences (especially in regard to the process of evolution) and the findings of the historical sciences. The important point of this discussion is that the human being is an evolutionary part of the process of creation. Man can no longer be seen as the ruler of creation in a personal and static sense. In the light of this we have to truly listen again to the witness of the Bible and the way in which it is formulated in the confessions of the church. The views of Wentzel van Huyssteen, Rob Bell and N.T. Wright are examples of how to respond, against the background of the science-theology debate, to the questions: 'Who was Jesus?' and 'What did He do?' Their insights might help us to proclaim the cosmic meaning of the message of the Gospel with integrity in a modern and postmodern world.

The aim of this study is to point out that the Confessio Belgica creates the opportunity to listen to both the voices of the natural sciences (especially in regard to the process of evolution) and the findings of the historical sciences. The important point of this discussion is that the human being is an evolutionary part of the process of creation. Man can no longer be seen as the ruler of creation in a personal and static sense. In the light of this we have to truly listen again to the witness of the Bible and the way in which it is formulated in the confessions of the church. Tire views of Wentzel van Huyssteen, Rob Bell and N.T. Wright are examples of how to respond, against the background of the science-theology debate, to the questions: 'Who was Jesus?' and 'What did He do?' Their insights might help us to proclaim the cosmic meaning of the message of the Gospel with integrity in a modern and postmodern world.

Pressing Subjects situates the mutual development of literature and literary education in the context of nineteenth-century debates about philanthropic influence. The dissertation aims to revise current understandings of these developments as forms of social control. At a time when educators were increasingly subject to charges that their endeavors standardized private life, the writers I examine defended literature as a political mechanism for rendering differences intelligible rather than negligible. I argue that prominent Victorian publishers, educators, and authors defended literature neither as an ideological tool for diverting the working classes from political activity nor as a means to render a population more amenable to liberal government. They introduced new forms of literary education—the anthology and the seminar—and formal innovations in the long poem and the novel because they understood literary texts to motivate people in unforeseeable ways and they believed in the benefits of such incalculable effects. In addition to examining institutional settings like the publishing industry and the classroom, I focus on formal innovations in literary texts by which authors sought to remodel literature's relationship to private life. I argue that publishers such as John Cassell valued the literary anthology not as a tool for inculcating endless self-work, but rather because its variety of extracts appealed to the diverse tastes of a mass readership. And while historians have generally seen F. D. Maurice as inculcating “disinterestedness” in the working classes, I show that Maurice turned to the seminar as a way to solicit the diverse—even partisan—“interests” of adults. I read Tennyson's Princess—generally taken as a conversion narrative whose message is conformity—as a critique of conversion. The interplay between ambiguous lyrics and verse-narrative reveals Tennyson's protest against the kind of standardization of private life epitomized by the conversion narrative. Similarly, Dickens and Collins broke with secular conversion narratives in order to defend the novel as an alternative to utilitarian self-help literature and evangelical tracts because it imagined political efficacy in terms of engaging rather than effacing differences between readers.

Here we describe a computational study undertaken in an effort to elucidate the reaction mechanisms behind the experimentally observed oxidations and hydrations catalyzed by graphene oxide (GO). Using the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde as a model reaction, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that this reactivity stemmed from the transfer of hydrogen atoms from the organic molecule to the GO surface. In particular, neighbouring epoxide groups decorating GO's basal plane were ring-opened, resulting in the formation of diols, followed by dehydration. Consistent with the experimentally-observed dependence of this chemistry on molecular oxygen, our calculations revealed that the partially reduced catalyst was able to be recharged by molecular oxygen, allowing for catalyst turnover. Functional group-free carbon materials, such as graphite, were calculated to have substantially higher reaction barriers, indicating that the high chemical potential and rich functionality of GO are necessary for the observed reactivity.

Circadian rhythms allow animals to coordinate behavioral and physiological processes with respect to one another and to synchronize these processes to external environmental cycles. In most animals, circadian rhythms are produced by core clock neurons in the brain that generate and transmit time-of-day signals to downstream tissues, driving overt rhythms. The neuronal pathways controlling clock outputs, however, are not well understood. Furthermore, it is unclear how the central clock modulates multiple distinct circadian outputs. Identifying the cellular components and neuronal circuitry underlying circadian regulation is increasingly recognized as a critical step in the effort to address health pathologies linked to circadian disruption, including heart disease and metabolic disorders. Here, building on the conserved components of circadian and metabolic systems in mammals and Drosophila melanogaster, we used a recently developed feeding monitor to characterize the contribution to circadian feeding rhythms of two key neuronal populations in the Drosophila pars intercerebralis (PI), which is functionally homologous to the mammalian hypothalamus. We demonstrate that thermogenetic manipulations of PI neurons expressing the neuropeptide SIFamide (SIFa) as well as mutations of the SIFa gene degrade feeding:fasting rhythms. In contrast, manipulations of a nearby population of PI neurons that express the Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs) affect total food consumption but leave feeding rhythms intact. The distinct contribution of these two PI cell populations to feeding is accompanied by vastly different neuronal connectivity as determined by trans-Tango synaptic mapping. These results for the first time identify a non-clock cell neuronal population in Drosophila that regulates feeding rhythms and furthermore demonstrate dissociable control of circadian and homeostatic aspects of feeding regulation by molecularly-defined neurons in a putative circadian output hub.

Systemic pan-tumor analyses may reveal the significance of common features implicated in cancer immunogenicity and patient survival. Here, we provide a comprehensive multi-omics data set for 32 patients across 25 tumor types for proteogenomic-based discovery of neoantigens. By using an optimized computational approach, we discover a large number of tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens. To create a pipeline for the identification of neoantigens in our cohort, we combine DNA and RNA sequencing with MS-based immunopeptidomics of tumor specimens, followed by the assessment of their immunogenicity and an in-depth validation process. We detect a broad variety of non-canonical HLA-binding peptides in the majority of patients demonstrating partially immunogenicity. Our validation process allows for the selection of 32 potential neoantigen candidates. The majority of neoantigen candidates originates from variants identified in the RNA data set, illustrating the relevance of RNA as a still understudied source of cancer antigens. This study underlines the importance of RNA-centered variant detection for the identification of shared biomarkers and potentially relevant neoantigen candidates. RNA variants derived from cancer-associated RNA editing events can be a source of neoantigens. Here, based on a proteogenomic pipeline combining DNA and RNA sequencing with MS-based immunopeptidomics, the authors identity and validate potential neoantigen candidates in patients with different tumor entities, highlighting RNA as important neoantigen source.