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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as efficient tools in disaster-stricken areas, facilitating efficient data dissemination for post-disaster rescue operations. However, the limited onboard energy of UAVs imposes significant constraints on their operational lifespan, thereby presenting substantial challenges for efficient data dissemination. Therefore, this work investigates a data dissemination scheme to enhance the UAVs’ bandwidth efficiency in multi-UAV-enabled Internet of Vehicles, thereby reducing UAVs’ energy consumption and improving overall system performance when UAVs hover along designated flight trajectories for data dissemination. Specifically, first, we present a software-defined network-based framework for data dissemination in multi-UAV-enabled IoV. According to this framework, we formulate a problem called C2BS (Coding-based Cooperative Broadcast Scheduling) that focuses on optimizing the UAVs’ bandwidth efficiency by leveraging the combined benefits of coding and caching. Furthermore, we demonstrate the NP-hardness of the C2BS problem by employing a polynomial time reduction technique on the simultaneous matrix completion problem. Then, inspired by the benefits offered by genetic algorithms, we propose a novel approach called the Genetic algorithm-based Cooperative Scheduling (GCS) algorithm to address the C2BS problem. This approach encompasses a coding scheme for representing individuals, a fitness function for assessing individuals, operators (i.e., crossover and mutation) for generating offspring, a local search technique to enhance search performance, and a repair operator employed to rectify infeasible solutions. Additionally, we present an analysis of the time complexity for the GCS algorithm. Finally, we present a simulation model to evaluate the performance. Experimental findings provide evidence of the excellence of the proposed scheme.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has killed more than 4 million humans globally, but there is no bona fide Food and Drug Administration–approved drug-like molecule to impede the COVID-19 pandemic. The sluggish pace of traditional therapeutic discovery is poorly suited to producing targeted treatments against rapidly evolving viruses. Here, we used an affinity-based screen of 4 billion DNA-encoded molecules en masse to identify a potent class of virus-specific inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) without extensive and time-consuming medicinal chemistry. CDD-1714, the initial three-building-block screening hit (molecular weight [MW] = 542.5 g/mol), was a potent inhibitor (inhibition constant [K i] = 20 nM). CDD-1713, a smaller two-building-block analog (MW = 353.3 g/mol) of CDD-1714, is a reversible covalent inhibitor of Mpro (K i = 45 nM) that binds in the protease pocket, has specificity over human proteases, and shows in vitro efficacy in a SARS-CoV-2 infectivity model. Subsequently, key regions of CDD-1713 that were necessary for inhibitory activity were identified and a potent (K i = 37 nM), smaller (MW = 323.4 g/mol), and metabolically more stable analog (CDD-1976) was generated. Thus, screening of DNA-encoded chemical libraries can accelerate the discovery of efficacious drug-like inhibitors of emerging viral disease targets.

The time-domain induced polarization (TDIP) method is widely used in mineral exploration, particularly for sulfide metallic ores that exhibit strong polarization characteristics. By measuring the voltage after the current is switched off, TDIP can enable the detection of subsurface sulfide deposits. However, data interpretation in the field is often complicated by topographic variations and geological anisotropy, which can distort the observed responses. To enhance TDIP data interpretation, this study presents a three-dimensional forward modeling algorithm based on the finite element method (FEM), explicitly accounting for complex topography and anisotropy. The algorithm is validated using classical anisotropic models. Initially, we simulate TDIP responses of ore bodies with different geometries under flat topography. The results show that deposit orientation strongly affects TDIP profiles, with tilted and horizontally layered deposits yielding the most pronounced apparent chargeability responses. We then model the effects of sloped topography and anisotropy on TDIP measurements. The simulations indicate that as slope angles increase, the peak of the chargeability curve deviates further from the true deposit location, reducing apparent chargeability. Conversely, stronger anisotropy enhances the TDIP signal, improving the accuracy of deposit localization. Finally, a complex model incorporating both anisotropy and valley-like topography is examined using unstructured grids. The results reveal that vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) enhances TDIP responses, aiding in ore detection, whereas tilted transverse isotropy (TTI) presents greater challenges. This study provides valuable guidance for improving TDIP data interpretation in metallic ore exploration.

The chemical composition and phase structure of (1− x )BiFeO 3−x BaTiO 3 (BF– x BT) ceramics near morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) are controversial so far. Particularly, no report mentioned BT content dependence of phase ratio of BF– x BT ceramics near MPB. Herein, BF– x BT ( x  = 0.24–0.38) ceramics with pure perovskite structure and dense microstructure were prepared by conventional sintering technics. The phase composition, electric resistivity, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics were systematically investigated. The results showed that the phase structure of the ceramics transforms from rhombohedral (R) to pseudocubic (pC) with increasing BT content, and the MPB with R-pC phase coexistence was determined in the range of 0.28 ≤  x  ≤ 0.33. In addition, as BT content increases for the ceramics near MPB, the phase fraction of R decreases gradually from 75.3% for BF–0.28BT to 36.9% for BF–0.33BT. Especially for BF–0.31BT ceramics, the phase fraction of R (49.1%) and pC (50.9%) are almost equal to each other. Enhanced piezoelectricity and ferroelecricity were attained in the ceramics near MPB. Owing to more proper R/pC phase ratio and strong ferroelectricity, the best piezoelectric coefficient d 33  = 190 pC/N was achieved in BF–0.31BT ceramics. This work revealed the relationship between chemical composition, phase structure and piezoelectric property of BF–BT piezoceramics near MPB, which is helpful to further improve the piezoelectric property of BF–BT via optimizing phase structure and/or composition engineering.

Background Bootleg innovation differs from traditional innovation in that it involves actions that either contravene established organizational rules and procedures or are conducted autonomously and covertly by individuals, with the aim of benefiting the organization. While prior research has highlighted a strong link between moral factors and bootleg innovation, there remains a paucity of studies exploring the moral foundations underlying such innovation. Drawing on moral licensing theory, this study examines the dual nature of bootleg innovation to elucidate the mechanism through which perceived organizational status influences employee engagement in bootleg innovation. Methods This study constructs and verifies a moderated mediating model of organizational status perception and bootleg innovation, using exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis based on 394 survey responses. Results The findings indicate that: (1) Perceived organizational status has a significant positive effect on employee bootleg innovation behavior. (2) Both dimensions of moral licensing (moral credits and moral credentials) mediate the relationship between perceived organizational status and bootleg innovation behavior. (3) Intrinsic motivation positively moderates the impact of perceived organizational status on moral credits and moral credentials. Conclusion This study offers a unique perspective on the moral dilemmas employees face in bootleg innovation, thereby providing a novel lens for understanding their bootleg innovation behavior.

P2 receptors have been implicated in the release of neurotransmitter and pro-inflammatory cytokines due to their response to neuroexcitatory substances in the microglia. Dorsal horn P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors are involved in the development of pain behavior induced by peripheral nerve injury. However, it is not known whether P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors activation is associated with the expression and the release of interleukin-1B (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cultured dorsal spinal cord microglia. For this reason, we examined the effects of ADPβs (ADP analog) on the expression and the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.OBJECTIVEP2 receptors have been implicated in the release of neurotransmitter and pro-inflammatory cytokines due to their response to neuroexcitatory substances in the microglia. Dorsal horn P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors are involved in the development of pain behavior induced by peripheral nerve injury. However, it is not known whether P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors activation is associated with the expression and the release of interleukin-1B (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cultured dorsal spinal cord microglia. For this reason, we examined the effects of ADPβs (ADP analog) on the expression and the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.In this study, we observed the effect of P2Y receptor agonist ADPβs on the expression and release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α by using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ADPβs induced the increased expression of Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α at the level of messenger RNA (mRNA). ADPβs-evoked increase in Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression was inhibited only partially by P2Y12 receptor antagonist MRS2395 or P2Y13 receptor antagonist MRS2211, respectively. Similarly, ADPβs-evoked release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was inhibited only partially by MRS2395 or MRS2211. Furthermore, ADPβs-evoked increased expression of Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA, and release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were nearly all blocked after co-administration of MRS2395 plus MRS2179. Further evidence indicated that P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptor-evoked increased gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were inhibited by Y-27632 (ROCK inhibitor), SB203580 (P38MAPK inhibitor) and PDTC (NF-κb inhibitor), respectively. Subsequently, P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptor-evoked release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, were also inhibited by Y-27632, SB203580 and PDTC, respectively.METHODS AND RESULTSIn this study, we observed the effect of P2Y receptor agonist ADPβs on the expression and release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α by using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ADPβs induced the increased expression of Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α at the level of messenger RNA (mRNA). ADPβs-evoked increase in Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression was inhibited only partially by P2Y12 receptor antagonist MRS2395 or P2Y13 receptor antagonist MRS2211, respectively. Similarly, ADPβs-evoked release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was inhibited only partially by MRS2395 or MRS2211. Furthermore, ADPβs-evoked increased expression of Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA, and release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were nearly all blocked after co-administration of MRS2395 plus MRS2179. Further evidence indicated that P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptor-evoked increased gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were inhibited by Y-27632 (ROCK inhibitor), SB203580 (P38MAPK inhibitor) and PDTC (NF-κb inhibitor), respectively. Subsequently, P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptor-evoked release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, were also inhibited by Y-27632, SB203580 and PDTC, respectively.These observations suggest that P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptor-evoked gene expression and release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α are associated with ROCK/P38MAPK/NF-κb signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONThese observations suggest that P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptor-evoked gene expression and release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α are associated with ROCK/P38MAPK/NF-κb signaling pathway.

A pH-responsive cellulose-g-P4VP copolymer was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [AMIM]Cl. The polymer structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The P4VP brushes that were covalently bonded to the cellulose backbone had a narrow molecular weight distribution, which was helpful for use in drug loading. The loading and controlled release of drug using aspirin as model drug in the micelles obtained the cellulose-g-P4VP copolymer was investigated. The structure and size of the copolymeric micelles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, respectively. Blank micelles presented a stably spherical morphology with dimeter about 90 nm in aqueous solution. The resultant micelles had clear pH-sensitivity with a pH-dependent phase transition point at a pH of about 5.7. Drug-loaded micelles had a spherical, core–shell structure with dimeter about 150 nm. The polymeric micelles revealed an excellent controlled drug release at different pH values and the cumulative release of aspirin in phosphate buffer reached to 86.4% at pH 5.8, 60.9% at pH 7.4 and 42.2% at pH 8.0.at 50 h. The pH-sensitive cellulose-g-P4VP copolymer had an enormous potential as carriers for released drug delivery.

Hypofunction of the serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) has been implicated in a variety of disorders including substance use disorders. As such, approaches to enhance 5-HT2CR signaling display therapeutic potential. In the present study, we show that disruption of the 5-HT2CR interaction with the protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) via peptidomimetics enhances 5-HT2CR-mediating signaling in vitro and potentiates selective 5-HT2CR agonists in behavioral rodent models. Overall, the present study provides further evidence that 5-HT2CR activity can be modulated through an allosteric protein–protein interaction. This work provides the groundwork for the continued exploration of protein–protein interactions that can allosterically modulate this critical receptor and other important G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for new therapeutic development through mechanisms that may display clinical utility.

UAV is so small and flexible that plays an important role in inspection for Power transmission line, especially at the voltage of 110kV, 220kV, 500kV and so on. Coupled with the development of UAV autonomous intelligent inspection technology, the personnel who should inspect the Power transmission line need not to across mountains or climb up to the power transmission towers to inspect the insulators and other equipment manually, so it has been widely used in the inspection for Power transmission line. The stable controlling of UAV flight is and the data link fusion is the basic guarantee of multiple UAV cluster operation. this paper bases on the mode of cluster operation and analyzing the technology of data link fusion, then puts forward single to multiple mode of Data fusion in RTK, which provides an important reference for the research of multiple UAV cluster operation about inspection.

In contrast to the excellent prognosis for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the high incidence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) markedly increases the risk of recurrence and secondary surgery. Thus, novel biomarkers must be urgently identified to assess LNM for patients with PTC. NCOA5 is deeply involved in the progression of human cancer; however, its role in thyroid cancer remains unknown. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to investigate the expression of NCOA5 in PTC. RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded to further understand the role of NCOA5 in PTC and its relationship with LNM. NCOA5 was significantly downregulated in PTC tissues when compared with that in adjacent noncancerous thyroid tissues both in our local cohort and TCGA database. Reduced expression of NCOA5 was significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, including histological type, tumor stage, BRAF-V600E mutation, LNM, extrathyroid extension, and clinical stage. Moreover, logistic analysis indicated that reduced expression of NCOA5, age, histological type, and clinical stage are independent high-risk factors for LNM in PTC. Our study provides new insights and evidence that NOCA5 was significantly correlated with the progression of PTC and was particularly involved in LNM.