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"Du, Jun"
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Agricultural transition in China : domestic and international perspectives on technology and institutional change
\"This book extends current research on the political economy of modern China, with particular regard to agricultural development and its role in economic transition. It uses Neoclassical principles to re-interpret agricultural growth and technological change under complex market institutions with empirical studies on China and selected East Asian economies. The text also questions how technological advances in China contribute to the Great Divergence debate. Through a comparative analysis of agricultural technical changes in the planting of rice paddies in Japan, Taiwan and China, Du finds that different market institutions and structures have given rise to considerable diversity of agricultural change between different economies in terms of the nature, timing and duration of technological transition. Such diversification has, in turn, affected the trajectories of agricultural and wider economic growth. Here, Du reflects on the nature of contemporary Chinese economic development and extends observations on agricultural transition to the entirety of Asia, finding that the nature, timing, and time-span of agriculture technology transitions have varied considerably across different economies.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Improvement of Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network Model Based on YOLO Algorithm and Its Research in Pavement Defect Detection
To ensure the safe operation of highway traffic lines, given the imperfect feature extraction of existing road pit defect detection models and the practicability of detection equipment, this paper proposes a lightweight target detection algorithm with enhanced feature extraction based on the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm. The BIFPN (Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network) network structure is used for multi-scale feature fusion to enhance the feature extraction ability, and Varifocal Loss is used to optimize the sample imbalance problem, which improves the accuracy of road defect target detection. In the evaluation test of the model in the constructed PCD1 (Pavement Check Dataset) dataset, the mAP@.5 (mean Average Precision when IoU = 0.5) of the BV-YOLOv5S (BiFPN Varifocal Loss-YOLOv5S) model increased by 4.1%, 3%, and 0.9%, respectively, compared with the YOLOv3-tiny, YOLOv5S, and B-YOLOv5S (BiFPN-YOLOv5S; BV-YOLOv5S does not use the Improved Focal Loss function) models. Through the analysis and comparison of experimental results, it is proved that the proposed BV-YOLOv5S network model performs better and is more reliable in the detection of pavement defects and can meet the needs of road safety detection projects with high real-time and flexibility requirements.
Journal Article
Procyanidin A1 Alleviates Inflammatory Response induced by LPS through NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways in RAW264.7 cells
Inflammation is a complex physiological process that poses a serious threat to people’s health. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of inflammation are still not clear. Moreover, there is lack of effective anti-inflammatory drugs that meet the clinical requirement. Procyanidin A1 (PCA1) is a monomer component isolated from Procyanidin and shows various pharmacological activities. This study further demonstrated the regulatory role of PCA1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. Our data showed that PCA1 dramatically attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells administrated with LPS. PCA1 blocked IκB-α degradation, inhibited IKKα/β and IκBα phosphorylation, and suppressed nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. PCA1 also suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, p38, and ERK1/2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, PCA1 increased the expression of HO-1, reduced the expression of Keap1, and promoted Nrf2 into the nuclear in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Cellular thermal shift assay indicated that PCA1 bond to TLR4. Meanwhile, PCA1 inhibited the production of intracellular ROS and alleviated the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential
in vitro
. Collectively, our data indicated that PCA1 exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that it is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Journal Article
Neutrophil dysregulation during sepsis: an overview and update
Sepsis remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite advances in critical care, and understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment strategies. No specific therapy or drugs are available for sepsis. Neutrophils play a critical role in controlling infection under normal conditions, and it is suggested that their migration and antimicrobial activity are impaired during sepsis which contribute to the dysregulation of immune responses. Recent studies further demonstrated that interruption or reversal of the impaired migration and antimicrobial function of neutrophils improves the outcome of sepsis in animal models. In this review, we provide an overview of the associated mediators and signal pathways involved which govern the survival, migration and antimicrobial function of neutrophils in sepsis, and discuss the potential of neutrophils as a target to specifically diagnose and/or predict the outcome of sepsis.
Journal Article
Assessing Regional Differences in Green Innovation Efficiency of Industrial Enterprises in China
Green technology innovation is an important means to break out of the constraints of resources and the environment, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, and achieve the upgrading of industrial structures, and promote high-quality economic growth. In order to realize the overall improvement of the green technology innovation capability of Chinese enterprises, it is necessary to measure the efficiency of industrial enterprises’ green technology innovation and explore their regional differences. In this paper, from the perspective of a two-stage innovation value chain, by introducing the industrial carbon emissions per unit of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the “three wastes” pollutants into the research framework of green technology innovation efficiency, we established a novel green innovation efficiency evaluation indicator system for industrial enterprises. Furthermore, we used a two-stage network DEA with shared input to measure the efficiency of regional enterprises’ green technology innovation and explored the regional differences in industrial enterprises’ green technology R&D and the efficiency of green technology achievement transformation. Finally, we provide some suggestions for improving China’s industrial enterprises’ green innovation efficiency, so that they can ameliorate the significant regional imbalances and differences and realize high-quality economic growth.
Journal Article
Klotho overexpression improves amyloid‐β clearance and cognition in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, characterized by the presence of amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques. We previously reported that Klotho lowered Aβ levels in the brain and protected against cognitive deficits in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1(APP/PS1) mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we induced intracerebral Klotho overexpression in 13‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice by injecting lentivirus that carried full‐length mouse Klotho cDNA in the lateral ventricle of the brain. We examined the effects of Klotho overexpression on cognition, Aβ burden, Aβ‐related neuropathology, microglia transformation, and Aβ transport systems in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the effects of Klotho on Aβ transport at the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier by knocking down Klotho in primary human choroid plexus epithelial cells (HCPEpiCs). The upregulation of Klotho levels in the brain and serum significantly ameliorated Aβ burden, neuronal and synaptic loss and cognitive deficits in aged APP/PS1 mice. Klotho treatment significantly inhibited NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and the subsequent transformation of microglia to the M2 type that may enhance microglia‐mediated Aβ clearance. Meanwhile, Klotho overexpression also regulated Aβ transporter expression, which may promote Aβ transporter‐mediated Aβ clearance. Moreover, the ability of HCPEpiCs to transport Aβ in vitro was also significantly impaired by Klotho knockdown. Given the neuroprotective effect of Klotho overexpression, the present findings suggest that Klotho should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target for AD. Klotho, as an anti‐aging gene, has been studied in the field of AD in recent years. Our data showed that Klotho overexpression inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoted Aβ clearance through an increase in M2 type microglia and the regulation of Aβ transporters in APP/PS1 mice, which effectively relieved neuroinflammation and Aβ burden and ameliorated AD‐like phenotypes.
Journal Article
Tailoring water structure with high-tetrahedral-entropy for antifreezing electrolytes and energy storage at −80 °C
One of unsolved puzzles about water lies in how ion-water interplay affects its freezing point. Here, we report the direct link between tetrahedral entropy and the freezing behavior of water in Zn
2+
-based electrolytes by analyzing experimental spectra and molecular simulation results. A higher tetrahedral entropy leads to lower freezing point, and the freezing temperature is directly related to the entropy value. By tailoring the entropy of water using different anions, we develop an ultralow temperature aqueous polyaniline| |Zn battery that exhibits a high capacity (74.17 mAh g
−1
) at 1 A g
−1
and −80 °C with ~85% capacity retention after 1200 cycles due to the high electrolyte ionic conductivity (1.12 mS cm
−1
). Moreover, an improved cycling life is achieved with ~100% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at −70 °C. The fabricated battery delivers appreciably enhanced performance in terms of frost resistance and stability. This work serves to provide guidance for the design of ultralow temperature aqueous batteries by precisely tuning the water structure within electrolytes.
The anti-freezing property of electrolyte is crucial for aqueous batteries under extreme conditions. Here authors explore the relationship between tetrahedral entropy and the freezing behavior of aqueous electrolyte, and further develop anti-freezing electrolyte for aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Journal Article
Hippo pathway activation mediates chemotherapy-induced anti-cancer effect and cardiomyopathy through causing mitochondrial damage and dysfunction
Chemotherapy is a common clinical strategy for cancer treatment. However, the accompanied cardiomyopathy renders cancer patients under risk of another life-threatening condition. Whereas Hippo pathway is known to play key roles in both cancerogenesis and heart disease, it remains unclear whether Hippo pathway activation mediates chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy.
In human breast cancer cells, doxorubicin (DOX) significantly induced upregulation of Hippo kinase Mst1, inhibitory phosphorylation of YAP, mitochondrial damage, reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis. Hippo pathway inactivation by Mst1-siRNA transfection effectively improved cell survival and mitigated mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis. Another anti-cancer drug YAP inhibitor verteporfin also induced lower cancer cell viability, apoptosis and mitochondrial injury. Chronic treatment with DOX
(4 mg/kg/week for 6 weeks) caused mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, oxidative stress and cardiac fibrosis, while acute DOX treatment (16 mg/kg single bolus) also induced myocardial oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities. Chronic treatment with verteporfin (2 months) resulted in cardiomyopathy phenotypes comparable to that by chronic DOX regimen. In transgenic mice with cardiac overexpression of kinase-dead mutant Mst1 gene, these adverse cardiac effects of DOX were significantly attenuated relative to wild-type littermates.
Anti-cancer action of both DOX and verteporfin is associated with Hippo pathway activation. Such action on cardiac Hippo pathway mediates mitochondrial damage and cardiomyopathy.
Journal Article
Initial Assessment of BDS PPP-B2b Service: Precision of Orbit and Clock Corrections, and PPP Performance
On 31 July 2020, the Beidou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) was officially announced as being commissioned. In addition to offering global positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services, BDS-3 also provides precise point positioning (PPP) augmentation services. The satellite orbit correction, clock correction and code bias correction of BDS-3 and other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are broadcast by the BDS-3 geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites through the PPP-B2b signal. The PPP-B2b service is available for users in China and the surrounding area. In this study, an initial assessment of the PPP-B2b service is presented, with collected 3-day PPP-B2b messages. Based on broadcast ephemeris and PPP-B2b messages, the precise satellite orbits and clock offsets can be recovered. This precision is evaluated with the precise ephemeris from the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) analysis center as references. The results indicate that the accuracy of BDS-3 satellite orbits in the direction of radial, along-track, and cross-track is 0.138, 0.131, and 0.145 m, respectively, and for GPS a corresponding accuracy of 0.104, 0.160, and 0.134 m, respectively, could be obtained. The precision of clock offsets can reach a level of several centimeters for both GPS and BDS-3. Both the performance of static PPP and kinematic PPP are evaluated using the observations from four international GNSS monitoring assessment service (iGMAS) stations. Regarding static PPP, the average convergence time is 17.7 min to achieve a horizontal positioning accuracy of better than 0.3 m, and a vertical positioning accuracy of better than 0.6 m. The average positioning accuracy in the direction of east, north, and up-directions are 2.4, 1.6, and 2.3 cm. As to kinematic PPP, the average RMS values of positioning errors in the direction of east, north, and up are 8.1 cm, 3.6 cm, and 8.0 cm after full convergence.
Journal Article
Effects of acid rain on physical, mechanical and chemical properties of GGBS–MgO-solidified/stabilized Pb-contaminated clayey soil
Reactive magnesia (MgO)-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a newly developed binder for soil stabilization/solidification. It can be used as an alternative of conventional hydraulic binders for the stabilization/solidification of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Acid rain exposure has been found to weaken the heavy metal immobilization in solidified/stabilized soils in the long term. However, very limited studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of acid rain on the physical and strength properties of GGBS–MgO-stabilized heavy metal-contaminated soils. In this study, GGBS–MgO-stabilized lead (Pb)-contaminated soils are subjected to the semi-dynamic leaching test using the simulated acid rain (SAR) as leachant, which has pH values of 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0. Deionized water (pH 7.0) is also used for comparison. Dry density, soil pH, needle penetration depth, and unconfined compressive strength (qu) of the solidified/stabilized soils are measured after the leaching test. The results show that exposure to SAR yields reduction in qu and soil pH, whereas the needle penetration depth increases and dry density changes only marginally. The qu of the solidified/stabilized soils increases noticeably with increased GGBS–MgO content. It is also found that the stabilized Pb-contaminated soil exhibits lower qu than its clean soil counterpart. Furthermore, a quantitative relationship is proposed to correlate the normalized needle penetration resistance with the normalized qu. Finally, a multiple linear regression is performed to statistically reveal the dependence of soil strength on three independent variables, which are SAR pH, Pb concentration and binder content.
Journal Article