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To enhance our understanding of the phylogenetics and evolutionary processes within Dacinae, we sequenced and analyzed four complete mitogenomes for the first time, specifically Acroceratitis separata, Acrotaeniostola quadrivittata, Gastrozona parviseta, and Paragastrozona vulgaris, which represent Gastrozonini species. Our results indicated that these four mitogenomes, including A. separata, A. quadrivittata, G. parviseta, and P. vulgaris, comprised 37 mitochondrial genes and an A+T-control region, with a total length of 16,603 bp, 16,112 bp, 16,691 bp, and 16,594 bp, revealing a notably high AT content reaching 77.4%, 78.4%, 75.1%, and 75.1%, respectively. Our phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood methods under site-homogeneous models consistently demonstrated their superiority over the site-heterogeneous mixture model CAT + GTR, given the currently accepted phylogenetic framework. Apart from a few species demonstrating unstable placements, the inferred phylogenetic relationships among the three tribes were strongly supported as monophyletic groups, with the topology represented as ((Ceratitidini + Gastrozonini) + Dacini), and most branches displaying moderate-to-high support values, of which four newly sequenced mitogenomes and A. dissimilis robustly formed a single clade representing Gastrozonini. This study substantially augments the existing mitogenome data, thereby providing more profound insight into the evolutionary history and higher-level phylogenetic structure within the Dacinae.

Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have been widely studied as bactericidal reagents. However, it is still challenging to use ZnONPs as a root canal sealant to eliminate infecting microorganisms in the root canal system. This study aimed at understanding the antibacterial and biofilm effects of ZnONPs in the infected root canal and their effect on cell function. Methods This study aimed to develop a better understanding of the antibacterial effects of ZnONPs in the infected root canal and their effect on cell function. Experiments were performed in two stages; the first stage included inhibition zone tests and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, which were performed to examine the antibacterial activity of ZnONPs against Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis ) and Actinomyces Naeslundii ( A. naeslundii ) bacteria in vitro. ZnONPs were further evaluated for their biocompatibility using normal mouse NIH3T3 and OCCM-30 cells by the cell-based MTT assay. In addition, the influence of ZnONPs on matrix metalloproteinases in NIH3T3 cells and their inhibiting factors (Mmp13 and Timp1) were measured using the real-time PCR technique and western blot method. Results The MIC of ZnONPs against P. gingivalis and A. naeslundii were confirmed to be 10 μg/mL and 40 μg/mL, respectively. The MTT assay showed that ZnONPs were nontoxic. The RT-PCR and western blotting results showed that Mmp13 was downregulated and Timp1 expression was increased. Meanwhile, ZnONPs were shown to increase the expression of the OCCM-30 osteogenesis-related factors Bsp and Runx2. Finally, there was no significant change in the morphology of NIH3T3 and OCCM-30 cells after the addition of different concentrations of ZnONPs for different periods of time. Conclusion ZnONPs have excellent antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis and A. naeslundii and have low cell cytotoxicity in vitro.

Arabidopsis cyclophilin38 (CYP38) is a thylakoid lumen protein critial for PSII assembly and maintenance, and its C-terminal region serves as the target binding domain. We hypothesized that four conserved residues (R290, F294, Q372, and F374) in the C-terminal domain are critical for the structure and function of CYP38. In yeast two-hybrid and protein pull-down assays, CYP38s with single-sited mutations (R290A, F294A, Q372A, or F374A) did not interact with the CP47 E-loop as the wild-type CYP38. In contrast, CYP38 with the R290A/F294A/Q372A/F374A quadruple mutation could bind the CP47 E-loop. Gene transformation analysis showed that the quadruple mutation prevented CYP38 to efficiently complement the mutant phenotype of cyp38 . The C-terminal domain half protein with the quadruple mutation, like the wild-type one, could interact with the N-terminal domain or the CP47 E-loop in vitro . The cyp38 plants expressing CYP38 with the quadruple mutation showed a similar BN-PAGE profile as cyp38 , but distinct from the wild type. The CYP38 protein with the quadruple mutation associated with the thylakoid membrane less efficiently than the wild-type CYP38. We concluded that these four conserved residues are indispensable as changes of all these residues together resulted in a subtle conformational change of CYP38 and reduced its intramolecular N-C interaction and the ability to associate with the thylakoid membrane, thus impairing its function in chloroplast.

Academic circles generally believe that socio-economic factors such as extensive economic growth, unbalanced proportion of industrial structure and unreasonable energy consumption structure are the main \" culprits\" of serious air pollution in China. [...]the relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth has very important theoretical and practical significance for air pollution prevention and control and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of cities. A large number of studies show that socio-economic factors such as the rapid advancement of urbanization, unreasonable industrial structure and energy structure are the main causes of air pollution in China. [...]the research on the relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth has very important theoretical reference value. 1The severity of air pollution in China 1.1 Current situation of air pollution According to the Деport on Global Environmental Performance Index (EPE) jointly issued by Center for Environmental Law and Policy of Yale University, International Geoscience Information Network Center of Columbia University, and World Economic Forum, China's air quality ranked 176th in the world (178 countries participated) in 2014, 179th (180 countries participated) in 2016, and 177th (180 countries participated) in 2018. According to the Bulletin of China's Ecological Environment issued by the Ministry of Ecological Environment during 2017 -2019, in statistical research on 338 cities at prefecture level and above in China (337 cities in 2019) , 99 cities reached the standard of urban ambient air quality in 2017, accounting for 29. According to the statistical results, tlie numDer of cities wliose urDan amDient air quality ,6618 the standard is increasing year Dy year, Dut amDient air quality in more than half of the cities does not meet the standard, and there is still much room for improvement in China's urDan amDient air quality. 1.2 Main hazards of air pollution The damage caused Dy air pollution to economy, society and environment is often not unilateral, Dut a chain reaction of multifaceted and multidimensional effects.

The multi-level, multi-dimension and synergistic effects of haze pollution will have a coupling impact on the urban ecosystem. [...]haze pollution control is a complex project that consumes a lot of manpower, materials and financial resources, and it requires the joint efforts of government, enterprises and the public. According to the principle of \" who benefits, who shares\" , the haze pollution control can maximize the public's enthusiasm and participation. The research on subjective variables such as haze control satisfaction, haze awareness and their impact mechanisms is insufficient. [...]thii paper focuses on the in-depth discussion on the cognition of haze control, residents' willingness to pay and its impact mechanism across time and regions. 1 Materials and methods 1.1 General situation of study area AQI index and concentration of five pollutants $ PM2 5, PM10, S02, N02 and CO) in Zhengzhou City and Jiaozuo City overall showed a significant downward trend, and 03 concentration showed a trend of rising first and then falling, while the number of days with good air quality continued to increase. According to frequency distribution of willingness to pay, conditional valuation method $CVM method) is used to calculate mean value of intention of discrete variables.

We establish fine bounds for best constants of the fractional subcritical Sobolev embeddings \\begin{align*} W_{0}^{s,p}\\left(\\Omega\\right)\\hookrightarrow L^{q}\\left(\\Omega\\right), \\end{align*} where \\(N\\geq1\\), \\(02s\\) and the so-called Sobolev limiting case \\(N=1\\), \\(s=\\frac{1}{2}\\) and \\(p=2\\), where a sharp asymptotic estimate is given by means of a limiting procedure. We apply the obtained results to prove existence and non-existence of solutions for a wide class of nonlocal partial differential equations.

Nonexistence results for positive supersolutions of the equation $$-Lu=u^p\\quad\\text{in \\(\\mathbb R^N_+\\)}$$ are obtained, \\(-L\\) being any symmetric and stable linear operator, positively homogeneous of degree \\(2s\\), \\(s\\in(0,1)\\), whose spectral measure is absolutely continuous and positive only in a relative open set of the unit sphere of \\(\\mathbb R^N\\). The results are sharp: \\(u\\equiv 0\\) is the only nonnegative supersolution in the subcritical regime \\(1\\leq p\\leq\\frac{N+s}{N-s}\\,\\), while nontrivial supersolutions exist, at least for some specific \\(-L\\), as soon as \\(p>\\frac{N+s}{N-s}\\). \\\ The arguments used rely on a rescaled test function's method, suitably adapted to such nonlocal setting with weak diffusion; they are quite general and also employed to obtain Liouville type results in the whole space.

In this paper we study the following nonlinear Choquard equation $$ -\\Delta u+u=\\left(\\ln\\frac{1}{|x|}\\ast F(u)\\right)f(u),\\quad\\text{ in }\\,\\mathbb{R}^2, $$ where \\(f\\in C^1(\\mathbb{R})\\) and \\(F\\) is the primitive of the nonlinearity \\(f\\) vanishing at zero. We use an asymptotic approximation approach to establish the existence of positive solutions to the above problem in the standard Sobolev space \\(H^1(\\mathbb{R}^2)\\). We give a new proof and at the same time extend part of the results established in [Cassani-Tarsi, Calc. Var. P.D.E. (2021)].

The aim of this paper is to classify the positive solutions of the nonlocal critical equation: $$ -\\Delta u=\\left(I_{\\mu}\\ast u^{2^{\\ast}_{\\mu}}\\right)u^{{2}^{\\ast}_{\\mu}-1},~~x\\in\\mathbb{R}^{N}, $$ where \\(0<\\mu0\\) and \\(2^{\\ast}_{\\mu}=\\frac{2N-\\mu}{N-2}\\) is the upper critical exponent in the sense of the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality. We apply the moving plane method in integral forms to prove the symmetry and uniqueness of the positive solutions and prove the nondegeneracy of the unique solutions for the equation when \\(\\mu\\) close to \\(N\\).

The aim of this paper is to study the critical elliptic equations with Stein-Weiss type convolution parts $$ \\displaystyle-\\Delta u =\\frac{1}{|x|^{\\alpha}}\\left(\\int_{\\mathbb{R}^{N}}\\frac{|u(y)|^{2_{\\alpha, \\mu}^{\\ast}}}{|x-y|^{\\mu}|y|^{\\alpha}}dy\\right) |u|^{2_{\\alpha, \\mu}^{\\ast}-2}u,~~~x\\in\\mathbb{R}^{N}, $$ where the critical exponent is due to the weighted Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality and Sobolev embedding. We develop a nonlocal version of concentration-compactness principle to investigate the existence of solutions and study the regularity, symmetry of positive solutions by moving plane arguments. In the second part, the subcritical case is also considered, the existence, symmetry, regularity of the positive solutions are obtained.