Explore the vast range of titles available.

We analyze the anisotropic factors present in the gravitational wave signal, such as the peculiar velocity of the observer and the inhomogeneous distribution of matter in the universe. We model the gravitational wave source as a standard siren, extract the anisotropic part of its luminosity distance dL, and obtain the Hubble parameter H(z) by direct calculation instead of integration. Finally, we derive the equation of state wDE(z) for the dark energy by both model-dependent and model-independent methods, and further investigate the cosmological significance of the simulated H(z) measurements. The advantage of this approach is that it makes full use of the anisotropic part of the dL data, which directly gives the value of H(z) at certain redshifts. This approach is sensitive to the local features of H(z) and does not depend on the cosmological model.

Coalescing supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are the primary source candidates for low frequency gravitational wave (GW) detections, which could bring us deep insights into galaxy evolutions over cosmic time and violent processes of spacetime dynamics. Promising candidates had been found based on optical and X-ray observations, which claims for new and ready-to-use GW detection approaches before the operations of space-borne antennas. We show that, satellite laser ranging (SLR) missions could serve as probes of coalescing SMBHBs through the GW-induced resonant effects. Lasting and characteristic imprints caused by such resonances in the residual distances or accelerations from SLR measurements are studied, and the detection SNR is analyzed with both the current and future improved ranging precisions. Within redshift z ∼ 1 , the threshold SNR = 5 requires 1–2 years of accumulated data for the current precision and months of data for improved precision, which are workable for the data processing of SLR missions. Meanwhile, joint detections with multiple SLR missions could further improve the total SNR and the confidence level. Such a detection scheme could fulfill the requirement of a tentative SMBHB probe during the preparing stage of LISA and Taiji, and it requires no further investment to any new and advanced facilities. It is also worthwhile to look back and re-process the archived data from the past decades, in where resonant signals from SMBHBs might be hidden.

Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy is witnessing a transformative shift from terrestrial to space-based detection, with missions like Taiji at the forefront. While the transition brings unprecedented opportunities for exploring massive black hole binaries (MBHBs), it also imposes complex challenges in data analysis, particularly in parameter estimation amidst confusion noise. Addressing this gap, we utilize scalable normalizing flow models to achieve rapid and accurate inference within the Taiji environment. Innovatively, our approach simplifies the data’s complexity, employs a transformation mapping to overcome the year-period time-dependent response function, and unveils additional multimodality in the arrival time parameter. Our method estimates MBHBs several orders of magnitude faster than conventional techniques, maintaining high accuracy even in complex backgrounds. These findings significantly enhance the efficiency of GW data analysis, paving the way for rapid detection and alerting systems and enriching our ability to explore the universe through space-based GW observation.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial epigenetic mechanisms that regulate various cellular biological processes. The use of mass spectrometry (MS)-proteomics has led to the discovery of numerous novel types of protein PTMs, such as acetylation, crotonylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, protein propionylation and butyrylation, succinylation, malonylation, lactylation, and histone methylation. In this review, we specifically highlight the molecular mechanisms and roles of various histone and some non-histone PTMs in renal diseases, including diabetic kidney disease. PTMs exhibit diverse effects on renal diseases, which can be either protective or detrimental, depending on the specific type of protein PTMs and their respective targets. Different PTMs activate various signaling pathways in diverse renal pathological conditions, which could provide novel insights for studying epigenetic mechanisms and developing potential therapeutic strategies for renal diseases.

Background Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is the most common cause of shoulder pain and represents one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions affecting the shoulder. Despite ample evidence supporting the effectiveness of exercise therapy for RCRSP, no consensus exists regarding the optimal exercise intervention. This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of specific versus conventional exercise interventions for improving pain and dysfunction in patients with RCRSP. Methods The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SPORTiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to June 2025. Randomized controlled trials that diagnosed with RCRSP or a synonymous condition (e.g., rotator cuff tendinopathy, subacromial impingement, subacromial pain syndrome, subacromial bursitis, long-head biceps tendinopathy, or partial-thickness rotator cuff tear) were included, comparing at least two different types of exercise interventions and reporting on the effects associated with pain, dysfunction, related self-reported outcome metrics. A Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to compare seven exercise interventions, with treatments ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results The Shoulder Pain Score Analysis Network contained 15 studies (n = 913; 45% female); the Shoulder Dysfunction Index Analysis Network contained 16 studies (n = 947; 47% female). In terms of shoulder dysfunction improvement, concentric strengthening training (CST) demonstrated a significant advantage in most comparisons and was identified as the most effective exercise intervention program for the treatment of RCRSP, eccentric strengthening training (ECT) and traditional training (TT) were moderately effective, and significantly superior to motor control exercise (MCE) and scapula-focused training (SFT). HLT, which had negative effect sizes in most comparisons, appeared to be the worst exercise intervention program. In terms of shoulder pain improvement, CST also has the highest probability of being ranked first, but comparisons between the other types of interventions were largely non-significant. Conclusion CST performed best in improving both shoulder pain and shoulder dysfunction. When patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain are not suitable for CST, ECT and MCE can be used as alternatives for the treatment of RCRSP. Trial registration PROSPERO Registration No. CRD420251022110.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with poor outcomes and limited treatment options. The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation, one of the key biomarkers in GBM, is linked to tumor progression and prognosis. This study employed terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to analyze frozen GBM tissue sections, extracting six spectral features: absorption coefficient, dielectric loss factor, dielectric constant, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and dielectric loss tangent. LASSO regression was employed for feature selection, and then principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to minimize inter-feature correlations. A Random Forest classifier built on these features successfully predicted TERT mutation status, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.908 in the validation set. Our findings demonstrate that THz spectroscopy, coupled with machine learning, can identify molecular differences associated with TERT mutations, supporting its potential as a rapid, intraoperative diagnostic tool for personalized GBM treatment. This approach could enhance surgical decision-making and optimize patient outcomes through precise, real-time molecular diagnostics.

Glioma classification is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have been associated with tumor development and progression. In this study, we established a prognostic model for glioma based on Heat Shock Proteins-associated genes (HSPGs). Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), we identified a signature of 4 HSPGs as an independent prognostic factor for glioma. The risk model demonstrated excellent performance in both training and validation sets. Additionally, we developed a nomogram incorporating clinical parameters and the HSPGs signature to enhance prognostic prediction. Immunoenrichment analysis revealed a correlation between the risk score and the immunosuppressive status of glioma. In the functional assays, HSPA5 was identified as a key participant in several critical biological processes associated with glioma. Silencing HSPA5 expression may lead to the inhibition of glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and resistance to apoptosis. These findings present a novel classification for glioma prognosis with enhanced accuracy and offer valuable insights into the potential use of HSPGs as prognostic indicators for gliomas.

Mitochondria coordinate with lysosomes to maintain cellular homeomstasis. However, in mitochondrial defect condition, how they communicate is less clear. Here, utilizing dMterf4 RNAi fly model, we find that expression of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase VI ( LManVI ) is significantly downregulated. Mechanistically, we show that dMterf4 RNAi-triggered mitochondrial defect mediates downregulation of lysosomal LManVI through Med8/Tfb4 - E(z)/pho axis, causing impairment of lysosomal function. Reciprocally, downregulation of lysosomal LManVI further decreases many mitochondrial genes expression through downregulation of transcriptional coactivator PGC-1 , leading to aggravating the dMterf4 RNAi-mediated mitochondrial defect, suggesting that mitochondrial defect can crosstalk with lysosomes to make mitochondrial status worse in a positive feedback way. Finally, we demarcate that this interaction between mitochondria and lysosomes may be conserved in mammalian cells. Therefore, our findings unveil a communication mechanism between mitochondria and lysosomes in mitochondrial defect case, which provides insights about the treatments of related mitochondrial and lysosomal diseases through modulation of the mitochondria-lysosomes axis. Mitochondria coordinate with lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Here the authors show that mitochondrial defects can downregulate lysosomal alpha mannosidase VI which in turn, further impairs mitochondrial status.

Background Despite the extensive evidence available, a systematic synthesis and quality evaluation of exercise-based interventions for stroke rehabilitation is still lacking. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Study quality and evidence certainty were evaluated using AMSTAR, JBI, ROBIS, and GRADE frameworks. Intervention efficacy was analyzed against functional metrics, with an in-depth analysis of intensity, dosage, and recovery stage. Results Initially, 4367 studies were retrieved, of which 144 were included. After categorization according to the predefined criteria, 51 articles were included in the final data analysis. The umbrella review revealed that exercise-based interventions primarily improved patients’ physical function, mobility, and participation. Specifically, exercise enhanced neuromotor control (BBS: MD [1.35 to 13.17]; TIS: MD [2.46 to 4.32]), musculoskeletal function (FMA-LE: MD [2.44 to 3.05]), cardiopulmonary and metabolic function (VO 2 prek: MD [2.62 to 5.01], fasting blood glucose: MD [-0.22 to -0.02]), basic mobility (gait speed: MD [0.05 to 0.16]), and QoL (global health: MD [5.14 to 12.38]). Limb training and core stability exercises were commonly prescribed for patients in the acute phase. Strength training was frequently used in the subacute phase. Aerobic exercise, Tai Chi, and exergaming were typical exercise-based interventions for individuals in the chronic phase. Conclusion Exercise-based interventions are effective at all stages of stroke recovery, improving physical function, mobility, and participation. Individuals in the acute phase benefit from core stability exercises combined with bed rest. Individuals in the subacute phase should focus on strength training, supplemented by constraint-induced movement therapy. Individuals in the chronic phase are advised to engage in aerobic exercise supplemented by activities such as Tai Chi and exergaming. PROSPERO registration number : No. CRD42025637376.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and rivaroxaban co-administration is common for patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism. However, the drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TKIs and rivaroxaban remain uncertain. DDIs were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments were conducted using rat liver microsomes, and rivaroxaban metabolites were tested to identify the two TKIs that exhibit the most significant DDIs. The type of inhibition was investigated using Lineweaver-Burk plots. For in vivo experiments, eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups and pretreated with CMC-Na together with avitinib or gefitinib, or with CMC-Na alone for 7 days. On day 8, rivaroxaban was orally administered to each group. Blood samples were collected at various time points, and plasma rivaroxaban was quantified. Molecular docking was performed to explore the mechanism of DDIs. Avitinib and gefitinib showed the most potent inhibitory effects among multiple EGFR TKIs and inhibited rivaroxaban metabolism in a mixed model of noncompetitive and uncompetitive inhibition. The area under the drug-time curve and maximum plasma concentration of rivaroxaban were significantly higher following avitinib and gefitinib pretreatment, while the apparent volume of distribution and clearance rates were significantly lower. Our molecular docking analysis revealed that these two drugs may inhibit rivaroxaban metabolism by overlapping with its binding site on CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. These findings confirm the presence of DDIs between EGFR TKIs and rivaroxaban. Avitinib and gefitinib significantly inhibit rivaroxaban metabolism, and their co-administration may aggravate the risk of bleeding.