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الطب التقليدي الصيني
يتناول كتاب (الطب التقليدي الصيني) والذي قام بتأليفه (لياو وي تشيون) في حوالي (112) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (الطب الشعبي الصيني) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : مدخل إلى الطب التقليدي الصيني-كلاسيكيات الطب التقليدي الصيني-النظرية الأساسية للطب التقليدي الصيني-طرق العلاج الداخلية والخارجية للطب التقليدي الصيني-معارف حول المواد الطبية-قصص حول أطباء مشهورين في التاريخ. الطب التقليدي الصيني ورعاية الصحة-وراثة وتطوير الطب التقليدي الصيني الحديث.
Book
Possible potential spread of Anopheles stephensi, the Asian malaria vector
Background
Anopheles stephensi
is native to Southeast Asia and the Arabian Peninsula and has emerged as an effective and invasive malaria vector. Since invasion was reported in Djibouti in 2012, the global invasion range of
An. stephensi
has been expanding, and its high adaptability to the environment and the ongoing development of drug resistance have created new challenges for malaria control. Climate change is an important factor affecting the distribution and transfer of species, and understanding the distribution of
An. stephensi
is an important part of malaria control measures, including vector control.
Methods
In this study, we collected existing distribution data for
An. stephensi
, and based on the SSP1-2.6 future climate data, we used the Biomod2 package in R Studio through the use of multiple different model methods such as maximum entropy models (MAXENT) and random forest (RF) in this study to map the predicted global
An. stephensi
climatically suitable areas.
Results
According to the predictions of this study, some areas where there are no current records of
An. stephensi
, showed significant areas of climatically suitable for
An. stephensi
. In addition, the global climatically suitability areas for
An. stephensi
are expanding with global climate change, with some areas changing from unsuitable to suitable, suggesting a greater risk of invasion of
An. stephensi
in these areas, with the attendant possibility of a resurgence of malaria, as has been the case in Djibouti.
Conclusions
This study provides evidence for the possible invasion and expansion of
An. stephensi
and serves as a reference for the optimization of targeted monitoring and control strategies for this malaria vector in potential invasion risk areas.
Journal Article
Understanding Gel-Powers: Exploring Rheological Marvels of Acrylamide/Sodium Alginate Double-Network Hydrogels
This study investigates the rheological properties of dual-network hydrogels based on acrylamide and sodium alginate under large deformations. The concentration of calcium ions affects the nonlinear behavior, and all gel samples exhibit strain hardening, shear thickening, and shear densification. The paper focuses on systematic variation of the alginate concentration—which serves as second network building blocks—and the Ca2+-concentration—which shows how strongly they are connected. The precursor solutions show a typical viscoelastic solution behavior depending on alginate content and pH. The gels are highly elastic solids with only relatively small viscoelastic components, i.e., their creep and creep recovery behavior are indicative of the solid state after only a very short time while the linear viscoelastic phase angles are very small. The onset of the nonlinear regime decreases significantly when closing the second network (alginate) upon adding Ca2+, while at the same time the nonlinearity parameters (Q0, I3/I1, S, T, e3/e1, and v3/v1) increase significantly. Further, the tensile properties are significantly improved by closing the alginate network by Ca2+ at intermediate concentrations.
Journal Article
Identification of key genes related to immune infiltration in cirrhosis via bioinformatics analysis
Cirrhosis is the most common subclass of liver disease worldwide and correlated to immune infiltration. However, the immune-related molecular mechanism underlying cirrhosis remains obscure. Two gene expression profiles GSE89377 and GSE139602 were investigated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cirrhosis. Enrichment analysis for DEGs was conducted. Next, the immune infiltration of DEGs was evaluated using CIBERSORT algorithm. The hub DEGs with tight connectivity were identified using the String and Cytoscape databases, and the expression difference of these hub genes between normal liver and cirrhosis samples was determined. Moreover, in order to evaluate the discriminatory ability of hub genes and obtained the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values in the GSE89377 and GSE139602 datasets. Finally, the association between hub DEGs and immune cell infiltration was explored by Spearman method. Among the 299 DEGs attained, 136 were up-regulated and 163 were down-regulated. Then the enrichment function analysis of DEGs and CIBERSORT algorithm showed significant enrichment in immune and inflammatory responses. And four hub DEGs (
ACTB, TAGLN, VIM, SOX9
) were identified, which also showed a diagnostic value in the GSE89377 and GSE 139,602 datasets. Finally, the immune infiltration analysis indicated that, these hub DEGs were highly related to immune cells. This study revealed key DEGs involved in inflammatory immune responses of cirrhosis, which could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets of cirrhosis.
Journal Article
Ubiquitination-mediated Golgi-to-endosome sorting determines the toxin-antidote duality of fission yeast wtf meiotic drivers
Killer meiotic drivers (KMDs) skew allele transmission in their favor by killing meiotic progeny not inheriting the driver allele. Despite their widespread presence in eukaryotes, the molecular mechanisms behind their selfish behavior are poorly understood. In several fission yeast species, single-gene KMDs belonging to the
wtf
gene family exert selfish killing by expressing a toxin and an antidote through alternative transcription initiation. Here we investigate how the toxin and antidote products of a
wtf
-family KMD gene can act antagonistically. Both the toxin and the antidote are multi-transmembrane proteins, differing only in their N-terminal cytosolic tails. We find that the antidote employs PY motifs (Leu/Pro-Pro-X-Tyr) in its N-terminal cytosolic tail to bind Rsp5/NEDD4 family ubiquitin ligases, which ubiquitinate the antidote. Mutating PY motifs or attaching a deubiquitinating enzyme transforms the antidote into a toxic protein. Ubiquitination promotes the transport of the antidote from the trans-Golgi network to the endosome, thereby preventing it from causing toxicity. A physical interaction between the antidote and the toxin enables the ubiquitinated antidote to translocate the toxin to the endosome and neutralize its toxicity. We propose that post-translational modification-mediated protein localization and/or activity changes may be a common mechanism governing the antagonistic duality of single-gene KMDs.
Meiotic drivers of the
wtf
family kill progeny lacking the driver by producing a toxin and an antidote. Here, authors reveal that ubiquitination-mediated sorting of the antidote prevents it from becoming toxic and enables it to neutralize the toxin.
Journal Article
Research on robust fault-tolerant control of the controllable suspension based on knowledge-data fusion driven
For the robust fault-tolerant control of the controllable suspension system, a control strategy driven by knowledge-data fusion is proposed. Firstly, the boundary fuzziness between perturbation type uncertainty and gain type fault is analyzed, and then a data-driven method is introduced to avoid the state estimation of system uncertainty and fault. The proximal policy optimization algorithm in reinforcement learning is selected to construct a “data control law”, to deal with uncertainty and fault. On the other hand, based on the classical sky-hook control, the “knowledge control law” for system performance optimization is designed, taking into account the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of the system. Furthermore, the dependency between robust fault tolerance and performance optimization control is revealed, and the two control laws are fused by numerical multiplication, to realize the performance matching optimization control of robust fault tolerance of controllable suspension system driven by knowledge-data fusion. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by the simulation and real-time experiment of non-stationary excitation and near-stationary excitation under the combination of uncertainty and fault.
Journal Article
Transcriptome sequencing and anthocyanin metabolite analysis involved in leaf red color formation of Cinnamomum camphora
Cinnamomum camphora
, a key multifunctional tree species, primarily serves in landscaping. Leaf color is crucial for its ornamental appeal, undergoing a transformation to red that enhances the ornamental value of
C. camphora
. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this transformation remain largely unexplored. In this study, green leaf (GL), color turning red leaf (RL) and whole red leaf (WRL) were obtained to measure pigment contents, while GL and RL were analyzed for transcriptomic alterations. A decline in chlorophyll content and a rise in anthocyanins were observed during the transition from green to red leaves. Using LC MS/MS, 11 types of anthocyanins showed significant accumulative differences, with cyanidin-3,5-
O
-diglucoside exhibiting the greatest disparity. Comparative RNA-seq identified 22,948 genes against reference genes, revealing 544 novel genes. Of these, 3,222 genes were up-regulated and 7,391 genes were down-regulated when the FPKM mean value > 1 in at least one group. The ribosome was identified as the most abundant KEGG term, with a substantial number of down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results indicated a downward trend in protein content, with GL exhibiting the highest protein concentration. 22, 4, and 29 DEGs were associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis, chlorophyll degradation, and anthocyanin biosynthesis, respectively. Most DEGs related to chlorophyll biosynthesis were down-regulated.
SGR
and
SGRL
, which are associated with chlorophyll degradation, exhibited opposite differential expression, resulting in a significant decrease in chlorophyll content in RL. The significantly up-regulated genes
ANS
and
UFGT
are advantageous for anthocyanin biosynthesis, contributing to the red coloration observed. Additionally, differential expression was noted in 40 R2R3-MYBs. Two MYB90 (Ccam01G003512 and Ccam01G003515) homologs of AtMYB113 were also identified showed high levels of up-regulation in RL. These findings suggest a strong correlation between pigment metabolism and transcriptome data, elucidating the mechanism that leads to the red coloration of leaves in
C. camphora
.
Journal Article
Comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles of three triterpenoids after oral administration of a cucurbitacin tablet and nanosuspension by UHPLC-MS/MS
Cucurbitacin, a class of triterpenoid compounds isolated from
, possesses various biological activities and is the primary active component of cucurbitacin tablets (CUT) used to treat chronic hepatitis and primary liver cancer. Nanosuspensions can potentially improve the oral bioavailability of pharmacopotent substances. This is the first study comparing the pharmacokinetics of three cucurbitacin triterpenoids (cucurbitacin B [CuB], cucurbitacin D [CuD], and cucurbitacin E [CuE] following oral administration of CUT and a novel
.
nanosuspension (MP-NPs) in rats.
The plasma concentrations of these cucurbitacin triterpenoids were quantified through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A selective, simple, and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed using the positive ion mode for multiple reaction monitoring analysis. The chromatographic column used was Waters Acquity HSS T3 (1.8 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm), the column temperature was 35 °C, the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min, the injection volume was 5 μL, and the mobile phase was a gradient elution of water (A) and methanol (B). The intra- and inter-day precision for all analytes was <13%, and accuracy ranged from -6.41% to -4.01.
According to the pharmacokinetic results, when the two rat groups were orally administered with the same dose of CUT and MP-NPs, the elimination half-life (
) of CuD and CuE was longer than that of CuB, indicating slower elimination. Compared with the CUT group, the triterpenoids in the MP-NPs group reached the maximum plasma concentration (
) within 2 h, and both
and the area under the plasma concentration increased significantly.
The MP-NPs formulation significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of cucurbitacin triterpenoids compared to conventional CUT. These findings underscore the potential of nanosuspension technology in improving the pharmacokinetic profile of cucurbitacin-based therapeutics. This study provides valuable insights for further development and clinical application of cucurbitacin nanosuspensions.
Journal Article
Identification of key immune-related genes in dilated cardiomyopathy using bioinformatics analysis
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by the left ventricular dilatation and impaired myocardial systolic dysfunction with high mortality and morbidity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We first identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the DCM and control group using two expression profiles from GSE3585 and GSE84796. Enrichment analysis was conducted to explore the potential mechanisms underlying DCM. A total of four algorithms, including key module of MCODE, degree, maximum neighborhood component (MNC), and maximal clique centrality (MCC), were used to identify the hub genes within Cytoscape. The correlation between hub genes and infiltrated immune cells was evaluated to determine potential immune-related genes. The expression analysis and diagnosis value analysis of potential immune-related genes were performed. Finally, the expression analysis with GSE57338 and relationship analysis with the comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) were performed to identify the key immune-related genes in DCM. A total of 80 DEGs were screened for DCM. Enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were involved in the immune-related pathological process. Immune infiltration analysis indicated a potentially abnormal immune response in DCM. Four up-regulated genes (C
OL1A2
,
COL3A1
,
CD53
, and
POSTN
) were identified as potential immune-related genes. Finally, three genes (C
OL1A2
,
COL3A1
, and
POSTN
) were determined as the key immune-related genes in DCM via expression analysis with a validation set (GSE57338) and relationship analysis with CTD. Our study suggested that the upregulated C
OL1A2
,
COL3A1
, and
POSTN
might be the key immune-related genes for DCM. Further studies are needed to validate the underlying mechanisms.
Journal Article
Potential global distribution of the invasive mosquito 'Aedes koreicus' under a changing climate
Invasive alien species are a growing threat to natural systems, the economy, and human health. Active surveillance and responses that readily suppress newly established colonies are effective actions to mitigate the noxious consequences of biological invasions. 'Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus (Edwards)', a mosquito species native to East Asia, has spread to parts of Europe and Central Asia since 2008. In the last decade, 'Ae. koreicus' has been shown to be a competent vector for chikungunya virus and Dirofilaria immitis. However, information about the current and potential distribution of 'Ae. koreicus' is limited. Therefore, to understand the changes in their global distribution and to contribute to the monitoring and control of 'Ae. koreicus', in this study, the MaxEnt model was used to predict and analyze the current suitable distribution area of 'Ae. koreicus' in the world to provide effective information.
Journal Article