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Near-infrared-I/II fluorescent proteins (NIR-I/II FPs) are crucial for in vivo imaging, yet the current NIR-I/II FPs face challenges including scarcity, the requirement for chromophore maturation, and limited emission wavelengths (typically < 800 nm). Here, we utilize synthetic protein-seeking NIR-II dyes as chromophores, which covalently bind to tag proteins (e.g., human serum albumin, HSA) through a site-specific nucleophilic substitution reaction, thereby creating proof-of-concept biomimetic NIR-II FPs. This chemogenic protein-seeking strategy can be accomplished under gentle physiological conditions without catalysis. Proteomics analysis identifies specific binding site (Cys 477 on DIII). NIR-II FPs significantly enhance chromophore brightness and photostability, while improving biocompatibility, allowing for high-performance NIR-II lymphography and angiography. This strategy is universal and applicable in creating a wide range of spectrally separated NIR-I/II FPs for real-time visualization of multiple biological events. Overall, this straightforward biomimetic approach holds the potential to transform fluorescent protein-based bioimaging and enables in-situ albumin targeting to create NIR-I/II FPs for deep-tissue imaging in live organisms. Near-infrared-I/II fluorescent proteins (NIR-I/II FPs) are crucial for in vivo imaging, but their availability is still scarce. Here, the authors make use of protein-seeking NIR-II dyes as chromophores, which covalently bind to tag proteins and thus creating biomimetic NIR-II FPs.

Inclusive green growth, as a form of green and shared growth, is an important way to promote the realization of the common prosperity of all people. As an emerging trade model, digital trade has had a profound impact on sustainable development and has become an important driving force for promoting inclusive green growth. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2014 to 2021, this study introduces two research methods, EWM- TOPSIS and panel regression model, and utilizes the analysis of transmission mechanism and heterogeneity to deeply explore the impact of digital trade on inclusive green growth and its intrinsic mechanism under the perspective of spatial correlation. The results show that: (1) Digital trade effectively promotes inclusive green growth, and this conclusion is verified to be robust by excluding extreme values, and adding control variables. (2) Mechanism testing shows that digital trade can promote green and inclusive growth by optimizing the industrial structure. (3) Heterogeneity tests show that the enabling effect of digital trade is more pronounced in the eastern, central and western regions of China and at the 25%, 50% and 75% quintiles of inclusive green growth. Therefore, it is of great significance to use digital trade in the future to coordinate the development of inclusive green growth in various provinces and regions by optimizing the industrial structure, and to enhance the overall level of inclusive green growth and sustainable economic development.

Imaging albumin in vivo is a reliable strategy to visualize blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption by detecting the dye‐labeled albumin leaking into brain parenchyma. Although Evans Blue (EB) and indocyanine green (ICG) dyes have been applied to assess BBB impairment, their naked‐eye observation or near‐infrared‐I (NIR‐I) imaging window limit the imaging sensitivity and contrast for this promising “albumin‐based” strategy. Herein, an albumin‐specific tagged near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) probe is engineered as a chromophore to construct fluorescent proteins (FPs) in situ for assessing BBB disruption in stroke. The optimized chromophore, C7‐1080, can covalently bind to albumin through nucleophilic substitution, forming FPs without adjuvant. Notably, the albumin effectively acts as a brightness enhancer and stability regulator for chromophores through the tight clamping effect. Theoretical simulation, proteomics, and protein mutation techniques are employed to investigate the binding behavior between albumin and chromophore. The in situ NIR‐II FPs construction strategy facilitates high‐precision dual‐channel imaging of BBB disruption and cerebral vessels during ischemic stroke when combined with the IR‐808Ac probe. Overall, the in situ albumin‐specific tag holds promise for diagnosing and monitoring strokes, presenting a tool for investigating the progression and therapeutic responses of related diseases. The breakdown of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia can cause brain injury and induce potentially fatal consequences. Currently, there exist few dependable and low‐cost imaging techniques for visualizing the BBB. This investigation effectively engineered an albumin‐specific covalently tagged near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) dye, serving as a chromophore, to construct fluorescent proteins in situ for evaluating BBB disruption during stroke.

Lipoproteins, critical transporters of cholesterol and triglycerides, are essential to cardiovascular health and pathology. However, imaging probes that can specifically target endogenous lipoproteins in situ are lacking. This study introduces an innovative lipoprotein‐seeking near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) dye for in vivo imaging of lipid dysregulation diseases independent of immune interactions. This dye demonstrates high affinity and specificity for lipoproteins, enabling in situ selective lipoprotein‐seeking within the body, unaffected by other proteins. The lipoprotein‐seeking dynamics can be precisely modulated through rationally tuning hydrophilic moieties of dye structure. The lipoprotein‐seeking dye enables the real‐time high‐contrast detecting subtle biological changes associated with lipid metabolism disorders, successfully delineating the presence of fatty deposits in hepatic tissues and identifying the early formation of atherosclerotic plaques in cardiovascular systems. Notably, our dye can selectively image low density lipoprotein (LDL) without highlighting high density lipoprotein (HDL) through appropriate irradiation. The NIR‐II dye's ability to target lipoproteins and provide clear imaging could revolutionize the management of lipoprotein‐related conditions, facilitating earlier interventions and more personalized treatment strategies. This study develops lipoprotein‐seeking NIR‐II dyes that specifically bind circulating lipoproteins. These dyes form ultra‐stable complexes with endogenous lipoprotein, enabling real‐time, high‐contrast imaging of fatty liver and atherosclerotic plaques. Tunable binding kinetics allow customized imaging windows. This technology offers early diagnosis and monitoring of lipid‐related diseases with high specificity.

Background Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after stroke is closely associated with brain tissue edema and neuronal injury, which requires accurate assessment. However, there is a lack of appropriate BBB imaging modality in vivo. As albumin in the blood could cross the damaged BBB into brain tissue after stroke, it serves as a biomarker for BBB disruption. Therefore, we aimed to develop an albumin-seeking near-infrared (NIR) probe to assess BBB disruption in stroke. Results We proposed a chemoselective strategy for seeking albumin with NIR dyes and identified an optimal probe to evaluate BBB disruption in stroke. The probe combined a NIR fluorescent dye with inherent albumin-targeting moieties and exhibited high affinity and selectivity for binding to albumin. Using a mouse stroke model, the probe displayed a high-resolution visualization of the location and extent of BBB disruption in vivo and correlated well with BBB leakage measured by Evans blue ex vivo. A dual-channel NIR-II imaging was successfully used to simultaneously assess BBB disruption and cerebral perfusion after stroke. Furthermore, we applied this method to dynamically evaluate the BBB disruption process and reperfusion of thrombolytic therapy in a stroke model in real time, which showed excellent application value. Conclusions We developed an albumin-seeking NIR probe that accurately evaluated BBB disruption in a safe, non-invasive and real-time manner in various stroke models, and has a great potential guiding stroke treatment in a real-time manner. Graphical Abstract

Concurrent imaging of skin inflammation and neovascularization is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring skin conditions, especially in flap transplantation. However, current imaging modalities in the clinic are often non‐intuitive, have low resolution, or lack the ability to specifically target skin inflammation. Given that albumin can serve as a biomarker for the disruption of skin‐vessel barrier (SVB), probes targeting skin inflammation typically need to specifically bind to endogenous albumin, which often results in high background signals. In this study, we screen a series of near‐infrared (NIR) dyes for their in vivo covalent binding capabilities with endogenous albumin, and identify the optimal dye for achieving high‐contrast imaging of skin inflammation in models of SVB disruption, with minimal interference from other tissues or organs (e.g., skin and muscle). Moreover, by utilizing an albumin‐targeting dye with another albumin‐escaping NIR‐II dye with a non‐overlapping emission wavelength, this work explores the concurrent imaging of skin inflammation and neovascularization after flap transplantation, affording to simultaneously assess skin inflammation and the restoration of blood supply. This study identified a near‐infrared (NIR) dye with superior covalent albumin‐binding capability, enabling high‐contrast imaging of skin inflammation with minimal background interference. This work further demonstrated dual‐channel imaging of skin barrier disruption and neovascularization in flap transplantation models, and allowed simultaneous assessment of inflammatory responses and blood supply recovery, offering improved diagnostic insights for flap transplantation.

Due to the shortage of freshwater and the depletion of groundwater, reuse of wastewater for crop irrigation has become essential, although many pollutants, such as antibiotics, are also introduced into the soil-groundwater system. In order to identify the distribution and transport mechanisms of organic pollutants in the \"irrigation wastewater-soil-crop\" system under long-term soil irrigation conditions and their potential ecological and health risks, soil samples were collected from five sampling sites in Wangyang River basin, a typical sewage irrigation area in North China. The results of the risk assessment showed that the risk quotients (RQ) of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), naphthalene (Nap), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) was greater than 1, indicating that their accumulation in root zone soil was at high risk. The non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the largest, reaching 0.41 and 0.16 for adults and children, respectively, and the carcinogenic risk (CR) value was 0.00061, which exceeded the limit of 1 × 10 −6 , indicating that DEHP poses a potential carcinogenic risk to human health.

Even though existing near‐infrared probes have successfully achieved deep tissue imaging with high contrast, it remains challenging to image many species simultaneously under complicated biological conditions. We rationally design and synthesize a series of nonamethine dyes featuring a unique double meso‐Cl structure, which can covalently bind to proteins, resulting in significant fluorescence enhancement, thereby further filling a critical gap of multicolor fluorescent proteins (FPs) in 915 nm channel bioimaging. NIR‐940 exhibits distinct binding sites and modes with HSA compared to heptamethine dyes, which likely contributes to its high albumin binding efficiency. Given that FPs enhance fluorescence emission of the chromophore and are entirely dependent on the metabolic behavior of the host protein, this approach allows for the development of customized FPs tailored to specific imaging needs—an advantage unmatched by other NIR‐I/II contrast agents. By selecting various NIR‐I and NIR‐II chromophores with spectrally distinguishable emissions, we construct a multi‐channel imaging platform based entirely on FPs and validated its robustness and versatility in monitoring various physiological states across multiple local and systemic imaging applications, including the mesentery, retroperitoneal region, and stroke‐affected mouse brain. The engineered multifunctional and multi‐channel NIR‐I/II fluorescent protein platform constructed by this strategy exhibits excellent biocompatibility and robustness, enabling researchers to effectively study complex biological phenomena and possesses long‐term clinical transformation potential.

Half-titanocenes are well known to show high activity for ethylene polymerization and good capability for copolymerization of ethylene with other olefins, and the ancillary ligands can crucially affect the catalytic performance. In this paper, the mechanisms of ethylene polymerization catalyzed by three half-metallocenes, (η5-C5Me5)TiCl2(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3) (1), (η5-C5Me5)TiCl2(N=CtBu2) (2) and [Me2Si(η5-C5Me4)(NtBu)]TiCl2 (3), have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) method. At the initiation stage, a higher free energy barrier was determined for complex 1, probably due to the presence of electronegative O atom in phenoxy ligand. At the propagation stage, front-side insertion of the second ethylene is kinetically more favorable than back-side insertion for complexes 1 and 2, while both side insertion orientations are comparable for complex 3. The energy decomposition showed that the bridged cyclopentadienyl amide ligand could enhance the rigidity of the active species as suggested by the lowest deformation energy derived from 3. At the chain termination stage, β-H transfer was calculated to be a dominant chain termination route over β-H elimination, presumably owing to the thermodynamic perspective.