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Studies related to oil and gas wells have attracted worldwide interest due to the increasing energy shortfall and the requirement of sustainable development and environmental protection. However, the state of oil and gas wells in terms of research characteristics, technological megatrends, article-produced patterns, leading study items, hot topics, and frontiers is unclear. This work is aimed at filling the research gaps by performing a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 6197 articles related to oil and gas wells published between 1900 and 2021. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used as the main data analysis and visualization tools. The analysis shows that the annual variation of article numbers, interdisciplinary numbers, and cumulative citations followed exponential growth. Oil and gas well research has promoted the expansion of research fields such as engineering, energy and fuels, geology, environmental sciences and ecology, materials science, and chemistry. The top 10 influential studies mainly focused on shale gas extraction and its impact on the environment. More studies were produced by larger author teams and inter-institution collaborations. Elkatatny and Guo have greatly contributed to the application of artificial intelligence in oil and gas wells. The two most contributing institutions were the Southwest Petr Univ and China Univ Petr from China. The People’s Republic of China, the US, and Canada were the countries with the most contributions to the development of oil and gas wells. The authoritative journal in engineering technology was J Petrol Sci Eng, in environment technology was Environ Sci Technol, in geology was Aapg Bull, and in materials was Cement Concrete Res. The keyword co-occurrence network cluster analysis indicated that oil well cement, new energy development, machine learning, hydraulic fracturing, and natural gas and oil wells are the predominant research topics. The research frontiers were oil extraction and its harmful components (1992–2016), oil and gas wells (1997–2016), porous media (2007–2016), and hydrogen and shale gas (2012–2021). This paper comprehensively and quantitatively analyzes all aspects of oil and gas well research for the first time and presents valuable information about active and authoritative research entities, cooperation patterns, technology trends, hotspots, and frontiers. Therefore, it can help governments, policymakers, related companies, and the scientific community understand the global progress in oil and gas well research and provide a reference for technology development and application.

A giant magnetoelectric coefficient has been discovered in laminated magnetoelectric composites incorporating piezoelectric and magnetostrictive layers, which reveals a high sensitivity in AC magnetic field detection under a DC bias field. However, the DC-biased magnetoelectric composites are not capable of detecting DC magnetic fields due to the interference with the DC signal to be measured. Here, we demonstrate a portable magnetoelectric gaussmeter based on torque effect that can detect both DC and AC magnetic fields. The proposed gaussmeter is equipped with a magnetoelectric sensor, a charge amplification module, a signal processing circuit, a power module, a data processing program, a display module, etc. The proposed gaussmeter indicates such performance indexes as an intensity range of 0~10 Oe, frequency range of DC~500 Hz, AC detection limit of 0.01 Oe, DC detection limit of 0.08 Oe, and frequency resolution of 1 Hz. Being powered by a power adapter (or a battery) of 5V 2A, the whole device system is pocket-size, low-cost, and highly portable, demonstrating its potential for magnetic field detection as a distributed sensor.

For the application of high-frequency current detection in power systems, such as very fast transient current, lightning current, partial discharge pulse current, etc., current sensors with a quick response are indispensable. Here, we propose a high-frequency magnetoelectric current sensor, which consists of a PZT piezoelectric ceramic and Metglas amorphous alloy. The proposed sensor is designed to work under d15 thickness-shear mode, with the resonant frequency around 1.029 MHz. Furthermore, the proposed sensor is fabricated as a high-frequency magnetoelectric current sensor. A comparative experiment is carried out between the tunnel magnetoresistance sensor and the magnetoelectric sensor, in the aspect of high-frequency current detection up to 3 MHz. Our experimental results demonstrate that the d15 thickness-shear mode magnetoelectric sensor has great potential for high-frequency current detection in smart grids.

A novel few-layer MoS 2 /SiO 2 /Si heterojunction is fabricated via DC magnetron sputtering technique, and Pd nanoparticles are further synthesized on the device surface. The results demonstrate that the fabricated sensor exhibits highly enhanced responses to H 2 at room temperature due to the decoration of Pd nanoparticles. For example, the Pd-decorated MoS 2 /SiO 2 /Si heterojunction shows an excellent response of 9.2 × 10 3 % to H 2 , which is much higher than the values for the Pd/SiO 2 /Si and MoS 2 /SiO 2 /Si heterojunctions. In addition, the H 2 sensing properties of the fabricated heterojunction are dependent largely on the thickness of the Pd-nanoparticle layer and there is an optimized Pd thickness for the device to achieve the best sensing characteristics. Based on the microstructure characterization and electrical measurements, the sensing mechanisms of the Pd-decorated MoS 2 /SiO 2 /Si heterojunction are proposed. These results indicate that the Pd decoration of few-layer MoS 2 /SiO 2 /Si heterojunctions presents an effective strategy for the scalable fabrication of high-performance H 2 sensors.

The piercing fruit moth Oraesia emarginata is an economically significant pest; however, our understanding of its olfactory mechanisms in infestation is limited. The present study conducted antennal transcriptome analysis of olfactory genes using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis (RT-qPCR). We identified a total of 104 candidate chemosensory genes from several gene families, including 35 olfactory receptors (ORs), 41 odorant-binding proteins, 20 chemosensory proteins, 6 ionotropic receptors, and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins. Seven candidate pheromone receptors (PRs) and 3 candidate pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) for sex pheromone recognition were found. OemaOR29 and OemaPBP1 had the highest fragments per kb per million fragments (FPKM) values in all ORs and OBPs, respectively. Eighteen olfactory genes were upregulated in females, including 5 candidate PRs, and 20 olfactory genes were upregulated in males, including 2 candidate PRs (OemaOR29 and 4) and 2 PBPs (OemaPBP1 and 3). These genes may have roles in mediating sex-specific behaviors. Most candidate olfactory genes of sex pheromone recognition (except OemaOR29 and OemaPBP3) in O. emarginata were not clustered with those of studied noctuid species (type I pheromone). In addition, OemaOR29 was belonged to cluster PRIII, which comprise proteins that recognize type II pheromones instead of type I pheromones. The structure and function of olfactory genes that encode sex pheromones in O. emarginata might thus differ from those of other studied noctuids. The findings of the present study may help explain the molecular mechanism underlying olfaction and the evolution of olfactory genes encoding sex pheromones in O. emarginata.

Persistent activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)‐mediated estrogen signaling plays a pivotal role in driving the progression of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC). In the current study, LINC00173, a long non‐coding RNA, was found to bind both ERα and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) factor (LITAF), then cooperatively to inhibit ERα protein degradation by impeding the nuclear export of ERα. Concurrently, LITAF was found to attenuate TNFα transcription after binding to LINC00173, and this attenuating transcriptional effect was quite significant under lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Distinct functional disparities between estrogen subtypes emerge, with estradiol synergistically promoting ER+ BC cell growth with LINC00173, while estrone (E1) facilitated LITAF‐transcriptional activation. In terms of therapeutic significance, silencing LINC00173 alongside moderate addition of E1 heightened TNFα and induced apoptosis, effectively inhibiting ER+ BC progression. LINC00173, in coordination with lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) factor (LITAF), enhances the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling pathway with estradiol, facilitating ERα nuclear enrichment and preventing degradation. Targeting LINC00173 releases LITAF, promoting TNFα transcription with estrone and inducing apoptosis.

Background Soft tissue defects in the hand may result from trauma, oncological procedures, or severe infections. This study aimed to introduce an innovative method for repairing soft tissue defects on the palmar side of the distal segment of the affected finger or fingertip. We explored this surgical method and its curative effect on the volar rotation pedicled flap base on a perforator of the palmar digital artery (VRPF-PPDA) for repairing ventral or fingertip soft tissue defects of the distal segment of the affected finger without impairing its main blood vessels. Methods Between June 2019 and January 2021, 13 patients with finger pulp or fingertip soft tissue defects were treated with VRPF-PPDA. Flap survival rate, complication rate, two-point discrimination (2PD), and patient satisfaction were used to evaluate the efficacy of this method. The function of the affected finger was evaluated using the upper limb function evaluation method issued by the Trial Standards for Evaluation of Partial Function of the Upper Extremity of the Chinese Society for Surgery of the Hand of the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Head (DASH) score, 6–12 months after the flap-based operation. Results Thirteen patients (18 fingers) achieved complete flap survival. The finger pulp flap was full, and no complications occurred. 2PD checks of the flaps revealed that all of them were 4–10 mm in length. According to the Trial Standards for Evaluation of Partial Function of the Upper Extremity of the Chinese Society for Surgery of the Hand of the CMA, hand function was excellent in 12 patients (17 fingers) and good in one patient, with a mean DASH score of 26.05 ± 0.45. Eleven patients selected “excellent” on the subjective satisfaction survey, while the other two selected “good.” Conclusion VRPF-PPDA surgery is a simple, effective, minimally invasive, and reliable method for repairing soft tissue defects in the distal finger pulp or fingertips. Optimal esthetic reconstruction and anatomical and functional repair can be achieved in fingers repaired using the VRPF-PPDA surgical approach.

To investigate the impact of structural damages on the comfort level of suspension footbridges under human-induced vibrations, this study addresses the limitations of traditional manual testing, which often entails significant manpower and material resources. The aim is to achieve rapid estimation and health monitoring of comfort levels during bridge operation. To accomplish this, the study combines finite-element simulation results to establish a data-driven library and introduces three distinct machine learning algorithms. Through comparative analysis, a machine learning-based method is proposed for quick evaluation of bridge comfort levels. Focusing on the Yangjiadong Suspension Bridge, the study evaluates and researches the comfort level of the structure under the influence of human-induced vibrations. The findings revealed a relatively low base frequency and high flexibility. Additionally, when considering the mass of individuals, peak acceleration decreased. The predictive performance of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was found to be superior when accounting for multi-parameter damages, yielding root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and R-squared (R2) values of 0.03, 0.02, and 0.98, respectively. Moreover, the error ratio of the generalization performance analysis was below 5%. Furthermore, the study identified a damage coefficient of 0.13 for the bridge’s main cable, hanger, and steel longitudinal beam. Under a crowd density of 0.5 people per square meter, the predicted peak acceleration was 1.098 m/s2, with a model error of less than 10% compared to the observed value of 1.004 m/s2. These results underscore the model’s effectiveness in swiftly evaluating bridge comfort levels, thereby offering valuable insights for the health monitoring of bridge comfort levels.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has advanced over the last four decades and has become an attractive tool for highly sensitive analysis in fields such as medicine and environmental monitoring. Recently, there has been an urgent demand for reusable and long-lived SERS substrates as a means of reducing the costs associated with this technique To this end, we fabricated a SERS substrate comprising a silicon nanowire array coated with silver nanoparticles, using metal-assisted chemical etching followed by photonic reduction. The morphology and growth mechanism of the SERS substrate were carefully examined and the performance of the fabricated SERS substrate was tested using rhodamine 6G and dopamine hydrochloride. The data show that this new substrate provides an enhancement factor of nearly 1 × 108. This work demonstrates that a silicon nanowire array coated with silver nanoparticles is sensitive and sufficiently robust to allow repeated reuse. These results suggest that this newly developed technique could allow SERS to be used in many commercial applications.

The rice leaf-roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is an important migratory pest of rice. We conducted a study to determine the physiological status of adults trapped by a sex pheromone and floral odor. In the immigrant group, the number of males trapped by the floral odor was greater than the number caught by sex pheromone trapping. The volume of testes was similar in the above two trapping methods but was smaller than in the sweep net method. The ovary developmental grade, mating rate, and number of matings of females caught in floral odor trap were higher than in those caught in the sweep net. In the local breeding group, the number of males trapped by sex pheromones was greater than the number trapped by the floral odor. The volume of testes was smaller in the floral odor trap compared to the pheromone trap group, with the largest in the sweep net group. The ovarian developmental grade, mating rate, and number of matings of females were significantly higher in the floral odor trap group than in the sweep net group. In the emigrant group, the adult olfactory response to the sex pheromone and floral odor was low. The volume of testes was larger in the sweep net group compared to the moths caught by floral odor trapping. The number of eggs laid by female immigrants trapped by the floral odor and sweep net was similar, while the number in the local breeding group was greater in moths caught with the sweep net in comparison with those caught by the floral odor trap. The difference in egg hatchability between the two trapping methods in both immigrants and local breedings was not significant.