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A symmetrical Fe2O3/BaCO3 hexagonal cone structure having a height of 10 um and an edge length of -4um is reported, obtained using a common solvothermal process and a mirror growth process. Focused ion beam and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques revealed that α-Fe2O3 was the single crystal feature present. Ba ions contributed to the formation of symmetrical structures exhibited in the final composites. Subsequently, porous magnetic symmetric hexagonal cone structures were used to study the observed intense electromagnetic wave interference. Electromagnetic absorption performance studies at 2-18 GHz indicated stronger attenuation electromagnetic wave ability as compared to other shapes such as spindles, spheres, cubes, and rods. The maximum absorption frequency bandwidth was at 7.2 GHz with a coating thickness d = 1.5 mm. Special structures and the absence of BaCO3 likely played a vital role in the excellent electromagnetic absorption properties described in this research.

Doping of low-dimensional graphitic materials, including graphene, graphene quantum dots and single-wall carbon nanotubes with nitrogen, sulfur or boron can significantly change their properties. We report that simple fluorination followed by annealing in a dopant source can superdope low-dimensional graphitic materials with a high level of N, S or B. The superdoping results in the following doping levels: (i) for graphene, 29.82, 17.55 and 10.79 at% for N-, S- and B-doping, respectively; (ii) for graphene quantum dots, 36.38 at% for N-doping; and (iii) for single-wall carbon nanotubes, 7.79 and 10.66 at% for N- and S-doping, respectively. As an example, the N-superdoping of graphene can greatly increase the capacitive energy storage, increase the efficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction and induce ferromagnetism. Furthermore, by changing the degree of fluorination, the doping level can be tuned over a wide range, which is important for optimizing the performance of doped low-dimensional graphitic materials. Doping of low-dimensional graphitic materials with heteroatoms can enhance their catalytic, electrochemical and magnetic properties. Here, the authors report a tunable method to ‘superdope’ these materials with high levels of nitrogen, sulfur, or boron, via a simple fluorination and annealing procedure.

Background Paragonimus heterotremus is a parasitic flatworm endemic to Southeast Asia that causes pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections. While more common in adults, pediatric cases are rare and often present atypically, posing diagnostic challenges. Eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation due to parasitic infection is especially difficult to identify in children. Case presentation A 9-year-old female child initially exhibited subcutaneous swelling and notable peripheral blood eosinophilia, resulting in two hospital stays without a conclusive diagnosis. Upon admission to our center, laboratory results showed increased white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelets, and persistent eosinophilia, along with a significantly increased total IgE levels. Imaging revealed granulomatous inflammation in the skin and lungs with mild pleural effusion. Despite negative parasitic serology, a newly developed umbilical mass during hospitalization was surgically excised. Anatomopathological examination and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) supported a probable diagnosis of P. heterotremus infection. Conclusions This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of pediatric eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation due to rare parasitic infections, particularly in non-endemic areas. It highlights the need for heightened clinical awareness, thorough evaluation, and advanced diagnostic tools for timely and accurate identification of uncommon parasitic diseases in children.

Graphene has evoked extensive interests for its abundant physical properties and potential applications. It is reported that the interfacial electronic interaction between metal and graphene would give rise to charge transfer and change the electronic properties of graphene, leading to some novel electrical and magnetic properties in metal-graphene heterostructure. In addition, large specific surface area, low density and high chemical stability make graphene act as an ideal coating material. Taking full advantage of the aforementioned features of graphene, we synthesized graphene-coated Fe nanocomposites for the first time and investigated their microwave absorption properties. Due to the charge transfer at Fe-graphene interface in Fe/G, the nanocomposites show distinct dielectric properties, which result in excellent microwave absorption performance in a wide frequency range. This work provides a novel approach for exploring high-performance microwave absorption material as well as expands the application field of graphene-based materials.

Salt stress severely inhibit plant growth and development. Uniconazole has been considered to significantly increase plant stress tolerance. However, the mechanism by which Uniconazole induces salt tolerance in rice seedlings and its impact on yield is still unclear. In this study, the effects of exogenous Uniconazole on morphogenesis, physiological metabolism, and yield of rice seedlings under salt stress were analyzed using the salt-tolerant rice variety HD961 and the salt-sensitive rice variety 9311. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited rice growth, disrupted the antioxidant system and pigment accumulation, and reduced photosynthesis, and yield. There were corresponding percent decreases of 13.0% and 24.1% in plant height, 31.6% and 55.8% in leaf area, 65.7% and 85.3% in root volume, respectively for HD961 and 9311. spraying However, compared to salt stress, the US treatment increased the percentage to 4.7% and 139.0% in root volume, 7.5% and 38.0% in total chlorophyll, 4.5% and 14.3% in peroxidase (POD) of leaves, 14.4% and 54.2% in POD of roots, 18.7% and 22.7% in catalase (CAT) of leaves, and 22.6% and 53.9% in CAT of roots, respectively, for HD961 and 9311. In addition, it also significantly enhanced photosynthesis at the reproductive stage, promoted the transport of carbohydrate to grains. And US treatment significantly increased the percentage to 9.0% in panicle length, 28.0% in panicle number per hole, 24.0% in filled grain number, 3.0% in 1000-grain weight, and 26.0% in yield per plant, respectively, for HD961, compared to salt stress. In summary, applying Uniconazole at the seedling stage can alleviate the damage induced by NaCl stress on rice by regulating the physiological metabolism of rice plants. This reduces the negative effects of salt stress, enhance salt tolerance, and boost rice production.

By means of thermal decomposition, we prepared single-phase spherical Ni nanoparticles (23 to 114 nm in diameter) that are face-centered cubic in structure. The magnetic properties of the Ni nanoparticles were experimentally as well as theoretically investigated as a function of particle size. By means of thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, the Curie temperature T C of the 23-, 45-, 80-, and 114-nm Ni particles was found to be 335°C, 346°C, 351°C, and 354°C, respectively. Based on the size-and-shape dependence model of cohesive energy, a theoretical model is proposed to explain the size dependence of T C . The measurement of magnetic hysteresis loop reveals that the saturation magnetization M S and remanent magnetization increase and the coercivity decreases monotonously with increasing particle size, indicating a distinct size effect. By adopting a simplified theoretical model, we obtained M S values that are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Furthermore, with increase of surface-to-volume ratio of Ni nanoparticles due to decrease of particle size, there is increase of the percentage of magnetically inactive layer.

The search for candidates of spintronic materials, especially among the two-dimensional (2D) materials, has attracted tremendous attentions over the past decades. By using a particle swarm optimization structure searching method combined with density functional calculations, two kinds of boron carbonitride monolayer structures (B4CN3 and B3CN4) are proposed and confirmed to be dynamically and kinetically stable. Intriguingly, we demonstrate that the magnetic ground states of the two BxCyNz systems are ferromagnetic ordering with a high Curie temperature of respectively 337 K for B4CN3 and 309 K for B3CN4. Furthermore, based on their respective band structures, the B4CN3 is found to be a bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS), while the B3CN4 is identified to be a type of spin gapless semiconductor (SGS), both of which are potential spintronic materials. In particular, carrier doping in the B4CN3 can induce a transition from BMS to half-metal, and its spin polarization direction is switchable depending on the doped carrier type. The BMS property of B4CN3 is very robust under an external strain or even a strong electric field. By contrast, as a SGS, the electronic structure of B3CN4 is relatively sensitive to external influences. Our findings successfully disclose two promising materials toward 2D metal-free spintronic applications.

Background Salt stress severely limits the growth of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.). Prohexadione calcium (Pro-Ca) has been reported to alleviate salt stress in oilseed rape. However, the underlying mechanisms of Pro-Ca-mediated salt stress alleviation in oilseed rape remains unclear. In this study, experimental materials were the kale-type oilseed rape varieties moderately salt-tolerant ‘Huayouza 158R’ and highly salt-tolerant ‘Huayouza 62’. 0, 100, and 150 mM NaCl were applied before sowing, and samples were collected after 21 days of cultivation to evaluate Pro-Ca priming on morphological, physiological, and molecular responses. Results Pro-Ca priming with 100 mM NaCl (Pro-Ca + S100) or 150 mM NaCl (Pro-Ca + S150) regulating morphogenesis, improving photosynthetic efficiency, and enhancing the antioxidant system compared with 100 mM NaCl (S100) and 150 mM NaCl (S150) alone. Transcriptomic analysis identified 381 and 832 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Huayouza 158R under Pro-Ca + S100-vs-S100 and Pro-Ca + S150-vs-S150, respectively, and 317 and 184 DEGs in Huayouza 62 under the same. Metabolomic analysis identified 312 and 487 differential metabolites (DIMs) in Huayouza 158R under Pro-Ca + S100-vs-S100 and Pro-Ca + S150-vs-S150, respectively, and 603 and 593 DIMs in Huayouza 62 under the same. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that Pro-Ca priming up-regulated PLC4-related genes in the Huayouza 158R phosphatidylinositol signaling system pathway (ko04070) in S100. Under S150 treatment, Pro-Ca priming up-regulated YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 genes in the Huayouza 158R tryptophan metabolic pathway (ko00380), and down-regulated the abundance of indole-3-acetaldehyde. In Huayouza 62, Pro-Ca priming down-regulated lipoxygenase-related genes in the linoleic acid metabolic pathway (ko00591). In this pathway, lecithin was up-regulated while 9-KODE and 9,10,13-TriHOME were down-regulated in S100. In contrast, in S150, gamma-linolenic acid was up-regulated, while 9-KODE and 9,10,13-TriHOME were down-regulated. Conclusion The results showed that Pro-Ca priming could alleviate the effects of salt stress in both oilseed rape varieties by regulating morphogenesis, improving photosynthetic efficiency, and enhancing the antioxidant system. However, the specific molecular mechanisms differ between the two varieties. This study provides a molecular basis for the alleviation of salt stress-induced damage by Pro-Ca-mediated in oilseed rape.

In order to explore high efficiency microwave absorption materials, heteronanostructured Co@carbon nanotubes-graphene (Co@CNTs-G) ternary hybrids were designed and produced through catalytic decomposition of acetylene at the designed temperature (400, 450, 500 and 550 °C) over Co 3 O 4 /reduced graphene oxide (Co 3 O 4 /RGO). By regulating the reaction temperatures, different CNT contents of Co@CNTs-G ternary hybrids could be synthesized. The investigations indicated that the as-prepared heteronanostructured Co@CNTs-G ternary hybrids exhibited excellent microwave absorption properties, and their electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties could be tuned by the CNT content. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value reached approximately −65.6, −58.1, −41.1 and −47.5 dB for the ternary hybrids synthesized at 400, 450, 500 and 550 °C, respectively. And RL values below −20 dB (99% of electromagnetic wave attenuation) could be obtained over the as-prepared Co@CNTs-G ternary hybrids in the large frequency range. Moreover, based on the obtained results, the possible enhanced microwave absorption mechanisms were discussed in details. Therefore, a simple approach was proposed to explore the high performance microwave absorbing materials as well as to expand the application field of graphene-based materials.

Hexagonal Sr-ferrites were synthesized via salt assisted spray drying method to control the agglomeration and grain growth of particles. The effect of precursor solution on crystalline growth, morphology and magnetic properties have been investigated. The particles size was of nano to submicron scale and non-agglomerated in NaCl salt matrix. The dispersibility and solvent inductivity of salt matrix in the different annealing temperature control the crystalline growth. The Sr-ferrites prepared from sol solution annealing at 750 °C demonstrate a coercivity of 6042 Oe and magnetization of 47.3 emu/g. The optimum magnetic properties prepared via no-treatment precursor solution and subsequent molten salt assisted annealing at 850 °C show a coercivity of 5927 Oe and magnetization of 57.6 emu/g. This will possibly enable a large scale to generate Sr-ferrites for a wide-range application via controlling precursor solution and annealing process.