Explore the vast range of titles available.

Accurate prediction of shale gas production is essential for optimizing reservoir development and improving production efficiency. In this study, a numerical simulation model was first developed to systematically calculate daily shale gas production under various engineering parameter combinations, thereby establishing a comprehensive production prediction database. Two types of deep learning models—multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks—were then constructed to predict daily shale gas production. Comparisons with actual production data for three representative scenarios revealed that the MLP model achieved relative errors of 2.43%, 6.36%, and 4.16%, while the LSTM model achieved superior accuracy with relative errors of 0.42%, 1.1%, and 0.98%. The LSTM network’s gating mechanisms effectively captured the long-term dependencies in shale gas production data, making it more suitable for complex multi-scale dynamic modeling compared to the feedforward MLP. These results demonstrate the excellent generalization capability and engineering applicability of deep learning techniques, particularly LSTM networks, for enhancing shale gas production forecasting and supporting the efficient development of unconventional gas reservoirs.

Ambient and indoor air pollution contributes annually to approximately seven million premature deaths. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) plays a major mortality risk factor particularly on cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. A review on the PM 2.5 -induced atherosclerosis is needed to better understand the involved mechanisms. In this review, we summarized epidemiology and animal studies of PM 2.5 -induced atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial injury is a critical early predictor of atherosclerosis. The evidence of mechanisms of PM 2.5 -induced atherosclerosis supports effects on vascular function. Thus, we summarized the main mechanisms of PM 2.5 -triggered vascular endothelial injury, which mainly involved three aspects, including vascular endothelial permeability, vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity. Then we reviewed the relationship between PM 2.5 -induced endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. PM 2.5 -induced endothelial injury associated with inflammation, pro-coagulation and lipid deposition. Although the evidence of PM 2.5 -induced atherosclerosis is undergoing continual refinement, the mechanisms of PM 2.5 -triggered atherosclerosis are still limited, especially indoor PM 2.5 . Subsequent efforts of researchers are needed to improve the understanding of PM 2.5 and atherosclerosis. Preventing or avoiding PM 2.5 -induced endothelial damage may greatly reduce the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.

A new species of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from Anhui Province of China, Rhopalopsole gibba sp. nov. , is described and illustrated. The new species is compared to a similar species, R. dicondylica Yang & Du, 2021. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the new species and found a length of 16,157 bp. Phylogenetic analysis based on 10 complete or nearly complete mitogenomes of four genera of Leuctridae from China showed the following phylogenetic relationships: (( Rhopalopsole + Perlomyia ) + Paraleuctra ) + Leuctra . Finally, the geographical distribution of Leuctridae in China is preliminarily summarized.

The role of spot sign on computed tomography angiography (CTA) for predicting hematoma expansion (HE) after primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been the focus of many studies. Our study sought to evaluate the predictive accuracy of spot signs for HE in a meta-analytic approach. The database of Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies. Researches were included if they reported data on HE in primary ICH patients, assessed by spot sign on first-pass CTA. Studies with additional data of second-pass CTA, post-contrast CT (PCCT) and CT perfusion (CTP) were also included. 18 studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, including 14 studies of first-pass CTA, and 7 studies of combined CT modalities. In evaluating the accuracy of spot sign for predicting HE, studies of first-pass CTA showed that the sensitivity was 53% (95% CI, 49%-57%) with a specificity of 88% (95% CI, 86%-89%). The pooled positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 4.70 (95% CI, 3.28-6.74) and the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.34-0.58). For studies of combined CT modalities, the sensitivity was 73% (95% CI, 67%-79%) with a specificity of 88% (95% CI, 86%-90%). The aggregated PLR was 6.76 (95% CI, 3.70-12.34) and the overall NLR was 0.17 (95% CI 0.06-0.48). Spot signs appeared to be a reliable imaging biomarker for HE. The additional detection of delayed spot sign was helpful in improving the predictive accuracy of early spot signs. Awareness of our results may impact the primary ICH care by providing supportive evidence for the use of combined CT modalities in detecting spot signs.

The ability of insets to react efficiently to fluctuation in temperature is crucial for them to survive in variable surroundings. Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is a process that increase cold tolerance in most insect species. The molecular mechanisms of RCH remain largely unknown, and whether it is associated with transcriptional changes is unclear. In this study, we compared the transcriptomes of Liriomyza trifolii and L . sativae exposed to RCH to investigate the transcript abundance due to RCH in both species. RNA-seq revealed 93,166 assembled unigenes, and 34,303 of these were annotated in the L . trifolii and L . sativae transcriptome libraries. After a 4-h treatment at 1°C (RCH) compared with control, 268 and 606 unigenes were differentially expressed in L . trifolii and L . sativae , respectively. When comparing pupae exposed to 2h cold shock directly with pupae went through 4h acclimation prior to 2h cold shock, 60 and 399 unigenes were differentially expressed in L trifolii and L sativae , respectively. Genes that were commonly expressed in both L . trifolii and L . sativae , included cytochrome P450, cuticular protein, glucose dehydrogenase, solute carrier family 22 and cationic amino acid transporter. Additionally, several pathways including galactose metabolism and peroxisome were significantly enriched during RCH. Our results show that the transcriptional response is correlated with RCH in the pupal stage of the two Liriomyza species, but more transcriptional changes were identified in L sativae than in L . trifolii .

Nocturnal blood pressure and nighttime dipping patterns are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events. However, there is few research on whether riser pattern is associated with the poor prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension independent of nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP). This prospective and observational clinical study included 568 hospitalized patients with CHD and hypertension. All patients underwent 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring during their hospitalization. Multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to examine the associations of nocturnal blood pressure and dipping status with primary endpoint events. Additionally, Harrell's C‐statistics were employed to compare the discriminative ability of each model. During the 1‐year follow‐up period, 64 (11.3%) primary endpoint events were recorded, including 55 (9.7%) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events. After adjusting for demographic and clinical risk variables, nighttime SBP was significantly related to the risk of incident primary endpoint events [per 20 mm Hg increase: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.775, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.256–2.507]. The riser pattern group exhibited a significantly higher risk for primary endpoint events compared to the dipper pattern group, even after adjusting for office SBP (HR: 2.687, 95% CI: 1.015–7.110, p  = .047). Furthermore, the addition of nighttime SBP or dipping status to the base model yielded statistically significant increments in C‐statistic values ( p  = .036 and p  = .007). However, adding both nighttime SBP and dipping status did not significantly enhance the model's performance in predicting the risk of primary endpoint events and ASCVD events according to the C‐index ( p  = .053 and p  = .054), which meant that the riser pattern group did not exhibit a significantly higher risk for primary endpoint events compared to the dipper pattern group after adjusting for nighttime SBP. In conclusion, nocturnal SBP and riser pattern demonstrated an association with adverse prognosis in patients with CHD and hypertension. Notably, nocturnal SBP proved to be a more reliable predictor than dipping status.

The pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens, which is endemic in China and other parts of Asia, is a major pest of rice and causes significant yield loss in this host plant. Very few studies have addressed gene expression in S. inferens. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is currently the most accurate and sensitive method for gene expression analysis. In qRT-PCR, data are normalized using reference genes, which help control for internal differences and reduce error between samples. In this study, seven candidate reference genes, 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA), elongation factor 1 (EF1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ribosomal protein S13 (RPS13), ribosomal protein S20 (RPS20), tubulin (TUB), and β-actin (ACTB) were evaluated for their suitability in normalizing gene expression under different experimental conditions. The results indicated that three genes (RPS13, RPS20, and EF1) were optimal for normalizing gene expression in different insect tissues (head, epidermis, fat body, foregut, midgut, hindgut, Malpighian tubules, haemocytes, and salivary glands). 18S rRNA, EF1, and GAPDH were best for normalizing expression with respect to developmental stages and sex (egg masses; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instar larvae; male and female pupae; and one-day-old male and female adults). 18S rRNA, RPS20, and TUB were optimal for fifth instars exposed to different temperatures (-8, -6, -4, -2, 0, and 27°C). To validate this recommendation, the expression profile of a target gene heat shock protein 83 gene (hsp83) was investigated, and results showed the selection was necessary and effective. In conclusion, this study describes reference gene sets that can be used to accurately measure gene expression in S. inferens.

A new species of the genus Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) from Yunnan Province, China, Rhopalopsole dulongjianga sp. nov. , is described and illustrated. This new species is compared to the similar species, Rhopalopsole bispina (Wu, 1949). Additionally, we provide a supplemental description and colour plates of R. bispina . A key to Rhopalopsole species from Yunnan Province, China, is also provided in this paper.

Hainan Province is an island in the south of China and belongs to the Oriental Region. It has a unique geographical location and superior climatic conditions, providing a good living environment for Leuctridae insects. However, the species richness of the stonefly family Leuctridae in Hainan is low. Two species in total have been recorded, Rhopalopsole bawanglinga Li, Li & Yang, 2023 and Rhopalopsole hainana Li & Yang, 2010. A new species of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from Wuzhi Mountains, Hainan Province of south China, Rhopalopsole wuzhishana sp. nov. is described and illustrated. We summarised the Leuctridae in Hainan Province and provide supplemental description and colour plates of Rhopalopsole hainana Li & Yang, 2010.

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Nemoura nankinensis (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) was sequenced as the first reported mitogenome from the family Nemouridae. The N. nankinensis mitogenome was the longest (16,602 bp) among reported plecopteran mitogenomes, and it contains 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Most PCGs used standard ATN as start codons, and TAN as termination codons. All tRNA genes of N. nankinensis could fold into the cloverleaf secondary structures except for trnSer (AGN), whose dihydrouridine (DHU) arm was reduced to a small loop. There was also a large non-coding region (control region, CR) in the N. nankinensis mitogenome. The 1751 bp CR was the longest and had the highest A+T content (81.8%) among stoneflies. A large tandem repeat region, five potential stem-loop (SL) structures, four tRNA-like structures and four conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) were detected in the elongated CR. The presence of these tRNA-like structures in the CR has never been reported in other plecopteran mitogenomes. These novel features of the elongated CR in N. nankinensis may have functions associated with the process of replication and transcription. Finally, phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that Nemouridae was the sister-group of Capniidae.