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The dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a kind of technology used for achieving resource utilization. In this paper, different Ni/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared by adjusting the pH of the impregnation solution and applying it during the DRM reaction. The relationship between the structure and catalytic performance of the catalyst was analyzed by characterization methods such as BET, XRD, H2-TPR, H2-TPD, XPS, TG, and Raman. The research results indicated that the dispersion of the catalyst’s active components could be regulated by changing the pH value of the impregnation solution. Among them, the Ni/SBA-15-2 catalyst exhibits good metal dispersion, and significantly enhances the activity of the catalyst. In addition, it also has strong CO2 adsorption capacity, which improves the stability of the catalyst. At 700 °C, the conversions of CH4 and CO2 of the catalyst are 51% and 60%, respectively.

FBXO11 is identified as the F-box protein that normally targets BCL6 for degradation, and FBXO11 deletions or mutations that prevent this function and thus stabilize BCL6 are found in B-cell lymphomas. BCL6 is the product of a proto-oncogene implicated in the pathogenesis of human B-cell lymphomas 1 , 2 . By binding specific DNA sequences, BCL6 controls the transcription of a variety of genes involved in B-cell development, differentiation and activation. BCL6 is overexpressed in the majority of patients with aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma in adulthood, and transgenic mice constitutively expressing BCL6 in B cells develop DLBCLs similar to the human disease 3 , 4 . In many DLBCL patients, BCL6 overexpression is achieved through translocation (∼40%) or hypermutation of its promoter (∼15%). However, many other DLBCLs overexpress BCL6 through an unknown mechanism. Here we show that BCL6 is targeted for ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation by a SKP1–CUL1–F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex that contains the orphan F-box protein FBXO11 (refs 5 , 6 ). The gene encoding FBXO11 was found to be deleted or mutated in multiple DLBCL cell lines, and this inactivation of FBXO11 correlated with increased levels and stability of BCL6. Similarly, FBXO11 was either deleted or mutated in primary DLBCLs. Notably, tumour-derived FBXO11 mutants displayed an impaired ability to induce BCL6 degradation. Reconstitution of FBXO11 expression in FBXO11 -deleted DLBCL cells promoted BCL6 ubiquitylation and degradation, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced cell death. FBXO11 -deleted DLBCL cells generated tumours in immunodeficient mice, and the tumorigenicity was suppressed by FBXO11 reconstitution. We reveal a molecular mechanism controlling BCL6 stability and propose that mutations and deletions in FBXO11 contribute to lymphomagenesis through BCL6 stabilization. The deletions/mutations found in DLBCLs are largely monoallelic, indicating that FBXO11 is a haplo-insufficient tumour suppressor gene.

Background Workplace heat exposure can cause a series of heat-related illnesses and injuries. Protecting workers especially those undertake work outdoors from the risk of heat strain is a great challenge for many workplaces in China under the context of climate change. The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions and adaptation behaviors of heat exposure among construction workers and to provide evidence for the development of targeted heat adaptation strategies nationally and internationally. Methods In 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional online questionnaire survey via WeChat Survey Star in China, using a purposive snowball sampling approach. A total of 326 construction workers submitted completed questionnaires. The perceptions of workplace heat exposure were measured using seven indicators: concerns over high temperature, perception of high temperature injury, attitudes towards both heat-related training and regulations, adjustment of working habits during heat, heat prevention measures in the workplace, and reduction of work efficiency. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the factors significantly associated with workers’ heat perceptions and behavioral responses. Results 33.3% of the respondents were moderately or very concerned about heat exposure in the workplace. Less than half of the workers (43.8%) were worried about heat-related injuries. Workers who have either experienced work-related injuries (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.03–1.62) or witnessed injuries to others during high temperatures (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.27) were more concerned about heat exposure compared to other workers. Most respondents (63.5%) stated that their work efficiency declined during extremely hot weather. The factors significantly associated with a reduction of work efficiency included undertaking physically demanding jobs (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.07–1.54) and witnessing other workers’ injuries during high temperatures (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.11–1.43). More than half of the workers were willing to adjust their work habits to adapt to the impact of high temperatures (81.6%). The internet was the most common method to obtain heat prevention information (44.7%), and the most frequently used heat prevention measure was the provision of cool drinking water (64.8%). Conclusions Chinese construction workers lack heat risk awareness and are not well prepared for the likely increasing heat exposure in the workplace due to global warming. Therefore, there is a need to improve their awareness of heat-related injuries, strengthen high temperature related education and training, and update the current heat prevention policies to ensure compliance and implementation.

Background Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MIR31HG is abnormally expressed in thyroid cancer tissues. However, the precise, critical role of MIR31HG in thyroid cancer development remains unclear. Methods MIR31HG, microRNA (miR)-761 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration abilities were evaluated by MTS, 5-Ethynyl-2′-Deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, transwell and wound-healing assays, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to validate the direct relationship between miR-761 and MIR31HG or MAPK1. Results MIR31HG was overexpressed in human thyroid cancer, and its overexpression predicted poor prognosis. Suppression of MIR31HG impeded cell proliferation, invasion and migration, as well as promoted cell apoptosis in vitro, and diminished the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Mechanistically, MIR31HG targeted and regulated miR-761. Moreover, miR-761 was identified as a molecular mediator of MIR30HG function in regulating thyroid cancer cell behaviors. MAPK1 was established as a direct and functional target of miR-761 and MAPK1 knockdown phenocopied miR-761 overexpression in impacting thyroid cancer cell behaviors. Furthermore, MIR31HG modulated MAPK1 expression by competitively binding to miR-761 via the shared binding sequence. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that MIR31HG targets miR-761 to regulate the functional behaviors of thyroid cancer cells by upregulating MAPK1, highlighting a strong rationale for developing MIR31HG as a novel therapeutic target against thyroid cancer. Highlights (1) MIR31HG targeted and regulated miR-761. (2) MAPK1 was a direct and functional target of miR-761. (3) MIR31HG affected the functional behaviors of thyroid cancer cells by miR-761/MAPK1 axis.

Gamma-oryzanol (Ory), a major bioactive constituent of rice bran oil, has attracted increasing attention because of its antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering properties. In this study, the interactions between Ory and human serum albumin (HSA) and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. The quenching of HSA fluorescence by Ory occurred via a mixed mechanism, indicating the formation of a stable complex. Thermodynamic analyses and molecular dynamics showed that the HSA-Ory complex was stabilised primarily by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Moreover, competitive site marker experiments, complemented by molecular docking and MM-PBSA calculations revealed that Ory specifically targets site I of HSA, engaging in stable interactions with critical residues such as Trp214 and Lys199. Additionally, the dissociation behaviour of Ory was explored using steered molecular dynamics simulations, highlighting the role of specific amino acid residues in regulating the dissociation of Ory from HSA site I. Overall, this study provided molecular insights into the binding mechanisms and interactions between HSA and Ory.

In this study, expanded graphite and natural graphite were introduced into resin-based friction materials, and the tribological behavior of the composites was investigated. The tribo-performance of the two friction composites was evaluated using a constant speed friction tester. The results showed that the expanded graphite composite (EGC) displayed better lubricity in both the fading and the recovery processes. The wear rate of the EGC decreased by 22.43% more than that of the natural graphite composite (NGC). In the fading process, and the EGC enhanced the stability of the coefficient of friction. The recovery maintenance rate of the NGC was 4.66% higher than that of the EGC. It can be concluded that expanded graphite plays an important role in the formation of a stable contact plateau and can effectively reduce the wear.

Background Cell type-specific transcriptional heterogeneity in embryonic mouse skin is well-documented, but few studies have investigated the regulatory mechanisms. Here, we present high-throughput single-cell chromatin accessibility and transcriptome sequencing (HT-scCAT-seq), a method that simultaneously profiles transcriptome and chromatin accessibility. We utilized HT-scCAT-seq to dissect the gene regulatory mechanism governing epidermal stratification, periderm terminal differentiation, and fibroblast specification. Results By linking chromatin accessibility to gene expression, we identify candidate cis- regulatory elements (cCREs) and their target genes which are crucial for dermal and epidermal development. We describe cells with similar gene expression profiles that exhibit distinct chromatin accessibility statuses during periderm terminal differentiation. Finally, we characterize the underlying lineage-determining transcription factors and demonstrate that ALX4 and RUNX2 are candidate transcription factors regulators of the dermal papilla lineage development through in silico perturbation analysis and CUT&Tag experiment. Conclusions Overall, HT-scCAT-seq represents a powerful tool for unraveling the spatiotemporal dynamics of gene regulation in single cells. Our results advance the understanding of embryonic skin development while providing a scalable framework for investigating regulatory mechanisms across diverse biological systems and disease contexts.

The aim of the study was to investigate the aberration of brain spontaneous activity and synchronization in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients homozygous for the apolipoprotein E (APOE) -ε3 allele. In the APOE-ε3 homozygotes, 37 T2DM patients and 37 well-matched healthy controls (HC) were included to acquire blood sample measurements, neuropsychological tests, and brain functional MRI data. An amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) analysis was conducted to identify the brain areas with abnormal spontaneous activity. Then, the identified brain areas were taken as seeds to compute their functional connectivity (FC) with other brain regions. The two-sample t test or the Mann-Whitney U test were applied to reveal significant differences in acquired measurements between the two groups. The potential correlations among the three types of measurements were explored using partial correlation analysis in the T2DM group. The T2DM group had elevated glycemic levels and scored lower on the cognitive assessment but higher on the anxiety and depression tests (p < 0.05). The T2DM group exhibited higher ALFF in the left middle occipital gyrus, and the left middle occipital gyrus had lower FC with the left caudate nucleus and the left inferior parietal gyrus (p < 0.05). No significant correlations were observed. T2DM patients homozygous for the APOE-ε3 allele exhibited aberrant brain spontaneous activity and synchronization in brain regions associated with vision-related information processing, executive function and negative emotions. The findings may update our understanding of the mechanisms of brain dysfunction in T2DM patients in a neuroimaging perspective.

Clonorchiasis is an important foodborne parasitic disease. The omics-based-techniques could illuminate parasite biology and further make innovations in the research for parasitic diseases. However, knowledge about the serum metabolic profiles and related metabolic pathways in clonorchiasis is very limited. A untargeted ultra-high performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was used to profile the serum metabolites of rats at both 4 and 8 weeks post infection (wpi) with ( ). Additionally, multivariate statistical analysis methods were employed to identify differential metabolites. Next, serum amino acids and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) levels were determined by targeted metabolomics analysis. A total of 10530 and 6560 ions were identified in ESI+ and ESI- modes. The levels of phosphatidylcholines, glycerophosphocholine and choline were significantly changed, with the shift in lipid metabolism. Significant changes were also observed in amino acids (isoleucine, valine, leucine, threonine, glutamate and glutamine). Targeted analysis showed that BCAAs (isoleucine, valine, leucine) levels significantly increased at 4 wpi and decreased at 8 wpi; threonine was increased at 8 wpi, whereas glutamate and glutamine showed a decreasing trend at 8 wpi. Additionally, the level of 17 PCs were significantly changed in infected rats. Marked metabolic pathways were involved in clonorchiasis, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, histidine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. These results show that infection can cause significant changes in the rat serum metabolism, especially in amino acids and lipids. The metabolic signature together with perturbations in metabolic pathways could provide more in depth understanding of clonorchiasis and further make potential therapeutic interventions.

The mammalian nervous system controls complex functions through highly specialized and interacting structures. Single-cell sequencing can provide information on cell-type-specific chromatin structure and regulatory elements, revealing differences in chromatin organization between different cell types and their potential roles of these differences in brain function. Here, we generated a chromatin accessibility dataset through single-cell ATAC-seq of 174,593 high-quality nuclei from 16 adult rat brain regions. We identified cell subtypes of both neuronal and non-neuronal cells with highly specific distributions and characterized gene regulatory elements associated with cell type-specific regions. To further investigate the gene regulatory network involved in spinal cord regeneration, we integrated our scATAC-seq data with published single-nucleus RNA-seq data from the spinal cord, and we identified more detailed regeneration related elements by drawing GRNs centered on the transcription factor Jun in the OPC. We also performed similar integration analyses in the midbrain. Our findings provide a solid foundation for the comprehensive dissection of the molecular architecture of the mammalian nervous system.