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Large cities’ expanding populations are causing traffic congestion. The maintenance of the city’s road network necessitates ongoing monitoring, growth, and modernization. An intelligent vehicle detection solution is necessary to address road traffic concerns with the advancement of automatic cars. The identification and tracking vehicles on roads and highways are part of intelligent traffic monitoring while driving. In this paper, we have presented how You Only Look Once (YOLO) v5 model may be used to identify cars, traffic lights, and pedestrians in various weather situations, allowing for real-time identification in a typical vehicular environment. In an ordinary or autonomous environment, object detection may be affected by bad weather conditions. Bad weather may make driving dangerous in various ways, whether due to freezing roadways or the illusion of low fog. In this study, we used YOLOv5 model to recognize objects from street-level recordings for rainy and regular weather scenarios on 11 distinct classes of vehicles (car, truck, bike), pedestrians, and traffic signals (red, green, yellow). We utilized freely available Roboflow datasets to train the proposed system. Furthermore, we used real video sequences of road traffic to evaluate the proposed system’s performance. The study results revealed that the suggested approach could recognize cars, trucks, and other roadside items in various circumstances with acceptable results.

Ce memoire presente une adaptation d'une methode superresolutive a l'imagerie radar. Un simulateur et des outils de traitement de donnees ont ete developpes et verifiees a l'aide des systemes unidimensionnels deja valides par des travaux anterieurs. L'imagerie haute resolution SPOT-ISAR basee sur la FFT bidimesionnelle ainsi que trois techniques d'imageries superresolutives suggerees ont ete simulees, comparees et analysees. On en retire une technique d'imagerie radar utilisant la methode du SPOT-ISAR avec un traitement de signal hybride jumelant la FFT et une adaptation de DEESE.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to a loss of sensitive and motor functions. Currently, there is no therapeutic intervention offering a complete recovery. Here, we report that repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) can be a noninvasive SCI treatment that enhances tissue repair and functional recovery. Several techniques including immunohistochemical, behavioral, cells cultures, and proteomics have been performed. Moreover, different lesion paradigms, such as acute and chronic phase following SCI in wild-type and transgenic animals at different ages (juvenile, adult, and aged), have been used. We demonstrate that rTSMS modulates the lesion scar by decreasing fibrosis and inflammation and increases proliferation of spinal cord stem cells. Our results demonstrate also that rTSMS decreases demyelination, which contributes to axonal regrowth, neuronal survival, and locomotor recovery after SCI. This research provides evidence that rTSMS induces therapeutic effects in a preclinical rodent model and suggests possible translation to clinical application in humans.

Background The p-chart is a user-friendly tool for monitoring adverse events. By converting data into knowledge, it is helpful in interpreting and reducing sources of variability in care. Certain basics for developing expertise to use p-charts correctly are necessary. Purpose This paper provides key elements on how to develop and interpret a p-chart for clinical practice, how to successfully integrate this tool within a comprehensive approach, and how to report a study based on p-chart utilization. P-chart building The p-chart combines time series analysis with a graphical presentation of data by plotting successive indicator measurements in chronological order. The pragmatic choice of well-defined indicators to be monitored is essential. Exact control limits based on the binomial distribution and the incorporation of risk adjustment represent important contributions for further improving the tool's performance in health-care settings. P-chart implementation The solution needed to reduce adverse events is not available from measurement alone. The success of routine introduction of the p-chart requires investigation of the causes of indicator variations and the trying out of quality improvement initiatives. It must be supported by strong management leadership within an atmosphere of constructive evaluation. Perspectives The implementation of the p-chart into clinical practice encourages practitioners to continuously undertake a critical examination of the care delivered. Nearly a century after it was created in the manufacturing industry, the control chart now contributes to improving the quality of health-care processes and patient safety.

Background Endothelium function is often impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that by improving endothelial function using diastole-synchronized compressions/decompressions (DSCD) to the lower body may improve the metabolic profile. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of single and multiple DSCD sessions on microcirculation, endothelium function and metabolic parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Two monocentric, controlled, randomized cross-over studies (Study 1 and Study 2) were performed. In Study 1, 16 patients received one 20 min DSCD and one simulated (control) session at 2 week intervals; continuous glucose monitoring and cutaneous blood flow were recorded continuously before, during and after DSCD or Control session; other vascular assessments were performed before and after DSCD and control sessions. In Study 2, 38 patients received 60 min DSCD sessions three times/week for three months followed by a 4–6 week washout and 3 month control period (without simulated sessions); vascular, metabolic, body composition, physical activity and quality of life assessments were performed before and after 3 months. Results Both studies showed significant, multiplex effects of DSCD sessions. In Study 1, cutaneous blood flow and endothelium function increased, and plasma and interstitial glucose levels after a standard breakfast decreased after DSCD sessions. In Study 2, cutaneous endothelium function improved, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol decreased, extra-cell water decreased and SF-36 Vitality score increased after 3 months of DSCD sessions. Conclusions Our findings support the beneficial effect of DSCD on the endothelium and show concomitant beneficial metabolic and vitality effects. Future clinical trials need to test whether DSCD use translates into a preventive measure against microvascular diabetic complications and its progression. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02293135 and NCT02359461.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is classically defined as a condition in which an abnormally low body weight is associated with an intense fear of gaining weight and distorted cognitions regarding weight, shape, and drive for thinness. This article reviews recent evidences from physiology, genetics, epigenetics, and brain imaging which allow to consider AN as an abnormality of reward pathways or an attempt to preserve mental homeostasis. Special emphasis is put on ghrelino-resistance and the importance of orexigenic peptides of the lateral hypothalamus, the gut microbiota and a dysimmune disorder of neuropeptide signaling. Physiological processes, secondary to underlying, and premorbid vulnerability factors-the \"pondero-nutritional-feeding basements\"- are also discussed.

Although physical activity (PA) is key in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension, it is difficult to implement in practice. Cross-sectional, observational study. Participating physicians were asked to recruit two active and four inactive patients, screened with the Ricci-Gagnon (RG) self-questionnaire (active if score ≥16). Patients subsequently completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The objective was to assess the achievement of individualized glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure goals (<140/90 mmHg) in the active vs inactive cohort, to explore the correlates for meeting both targets by multivariate analysis, and to examine the barriers and motivations to engage in PA. About 1,766 patients were analyzed. Active (n=628) vs. inactive (n=1,138) patients were more often male, younger, less obese, had shorter durations of diabetes, fewer complications and other health issues, such as osteoarticular disorders (P<0.001 for all). Their diabetes and hypertension control was better and obtained despite a lower treatment burden. The biggest difference in PA between the active vs inactive patients was the percentage who declared engaging in regular leisure-type PA (97.9% vs. 9.6%), also reflected in the percentage with vigorous activities in International Physical Activity Questionnaire (59.5% vs. 9.6%). Target control was achieved by 33% of active and 19% of inactive patients (P<0.001). Active patients, those with fewer barriers to PA, with lower treatment burden, and with an active physician, were more likely to reach targets. The physician's role emerged in the motivations (reassurance on health issues, training on hypoglycemia risk, and prescription/monitoring of the PA by the physician). A negative self-image was the highest ranked barrier for the inactive patients, followed by lack of support and medical concerns. Physicians should consider PA prescription as seriously as any drug prescription, and take into account motivations and barriers to PA to tailor advice to patients' specific needs and reduce their perceived constraints.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces permanent loss of sensitive and motor functions below the injury level. To date, a wide variety of cells has been used as biotherapies to cure SCI in different animal paradigms. Specifically, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is one of the most promising. Indeed, OECs have been shown to enhance recovery in many animal studies. Moreover, OECs transplantation has been applied to a paraplegic patient and have shown beneficial effects. However, it has been reported that the significant level of recovery varies among different patients. Therefore, it is of primary importance to enhance the regenerative efficiency of OECs for better translations. Recently, it has been shown that inhibiting ADAMTS4 expression in glial cells in vitro increases their synthesis of neurotrophic factors. We hypothesized that the expression of neurotrophic factors secreted by OECs can be increased by the deletion of ADAMTS4. Taking advantage of ADAMTS4-/- mouse line, we produce ADAMTS4 deficient primary OEC cultures and then we investigated their regenerative potential after SCI. By using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, bioluminescence imaging, measurement of locomotor activity, electrophysiological studies, and immunohistochemistry, our results show that ADAMTS4-/- olfactory bulb OEC (bOECs) primary cultures upregulate their trophic factor expression in vitro, and that the transplantation of ADAMTS4-/- bOECs in a severe SCI model increases functional recovery and tissue repair in vivo. Altogether, our study reveals, for the first time, that primary bOEC cultures transplantation can be potentialized by inhibition of the expression of ADAMTS4.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a permanent disability in patients. To this day no curative treatment can be proposed to restore lost functions. Therefore, extensive experimental studies have been conducted to induce recovery after SCI. One of the most promising therapies is based on the use of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). OECs can be obtained from either the olfactory bulbs (OB-OECs) or from olfactory mucosa (OM-OECs), involving a less invasive approach for autotransplantation. However the vast majority of experimental transplantations have been focusing on OB-OECs although the OM represents a more accessible source of OECs. Importantly, the ability of OM-OECs in comparison to OB-OECs to induce spinal cord recovery in the same lesion paradigm has never been described. We here present data using a multiparametric approach, based on electrophysiological, behavioral, histological and magnetic resonance imaging experiments on the repair potential of OB-OECs and OM-OECs from either primary or purified cultures after a severe model of SCI. Our data demonstrate that transplantation of OECs obtained from OB or OM induces electrophysiological and functional recovery, reduces astrocyte reactivity and glial scar formation and improves axonal regrowth. We also show that the purification step is essential for OM-OECs while not required for OB-OECs. Altogether, our study strongly indicates that transplantation of OECs from OM represents the best benefit/risk ratio according to the safety of access of OM and the results induced by transplantations of OM-OECs. Indeed, purified OM-OECs in addition to induce recovery can integrate and survive up to 60 days into the spinal cord. Therefore, our results provide strong support for these cells as a viable therapy for SCI.