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Objectif : Perdre un parent d’un cancer à un âge précoce est un facteur de risque pour le développement psychique de l’enfant. L’objectif de cette étude qualitative est d’évaluer l’efficacité d’un groupe thérapeutique pour les enfants endeuillés, La Petite Fille aux allumettes. Méthode : Les outils utilisés pour cette étude sont le Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scales IV pour estimer la cohésion et la flexibilité familiales, l’ERC-vf pour examiner la régulation émotionnelle des enfants avant et après la prise en charge et la théorisation ancrée pour analyser les comptes rendus des séances. Résultats : Le cas de Tom illustre le poids des caractéristiques familiales dans l’efficacité du dispositif. Le fonctionnement rigide de la famille, avec des règles strictes qui ne peuvent être remises en question, ne favorise pas la communication parent–enfant. Conclusion : Dans certains cas, une thérapie systémique est recommandée. Aims : For young children, the loss of a parent from cancer is a risk factor in their psychological development. The objective of this qualitative study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a protocol of family care that includes a group discussion with parents and a therapeutic space for children, taking place at the same time: The Little Match Girl. Procedure : The instruments used for this study are the Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scales IV to assess family cohesion and flexibility, the ERC-vf to assess children’s emotional regulation before and after care, and the grounded theory for the evaluation of sessions’ clinical notes. Results : Tom’s case shows the family characteristics in the effectiveness of this simultaneous protocol of care. Indeed, the family’s rigidly cohesive type, with strict rules that cannot be questioned, does not foster parent–child’s communication about death. Conclusion : In the most difficult cases, systemic therapy is recommended.

The clinical presentations of meningococcal diseases other than meningitis or meningococcemia may lead to erroneous diagnosis. Although several reports have described unusual meningococcal diseases, the Neisseria meningitidis strains involved in these forms have been poorly characterized. In this study, meningococcal arthritis and pericarditis were confirmed by isolation of N. meningitidis and/or detection of meningococcal DNA in synovial or pericardial fluid, respectively, and meningococcal pneumonia was detected by isolation of N. meningitidis from blood. From 1999 through 2002, meningococcal disease was bacteriologically confirmed in 26 cases of arthritis, 6 cases of pericarditis, and 33 cases of pneumonia by the National Reference Center for the Meningococci in Paris. We found a statistically significant association between strains of serogroup W135, mostly of the clonal complex ET-37, and arthritis. Pneumonia was most frequently diagnosed in patients aged >70 years, and 54.5% of the strains belonged to serogroup W135, although these strains had heterogeneous phenotypes. Bacteremia is a key step in the pathophysiology of meningococcal disease and precedes any form of invasive infection.

Coating-substrate adhesion in cold spray is a paramount property, the mechanisms of which are not yet well elucidated. To go into these mechanisms, due to the intrinsic characteristics of the cold spray process (particle low-temperature and high velocity) direct observation and control of inflight particles and related phenomena cannot be done easily. For this reason, an experimental simulation of the particle-substrate reactions at the particle impingement was developed. This simulation is based on original flier impact experiments from laser shock acceleration. Relevant interaction phenomena were featured and studied as a function of shearing, plastic deformation, phase transformation primarily. These phenomena were shown to be similar to those involved in cold spray. This was ascertained by the study of the Cu-Al metallurgically reactive system using SEM, TEM, EPMA, and energy balance and diffusion calculations. This simulation could also be used to feed finite element modeling of cold spray and laser shock flier impact.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Infections due to Neisseria meningitidis are a major public health concern. In France, during 1999-2002, a total of 2167 clinical isolates of N. meningitidis from invasive infections were studied at the National Reference Center for Meningococci (Paris). Serogroup B strains were the most common (58%), followed by serogroup C strains (29%) and serogroup W135 strains (8%). Various phenotypes were observed, reflecting heterogeneity in the meningococcal population. Strains were susceptible to antibiotics currently used for treatment and chemoprophylaxis of meningococcal infections. However, the prevalence of meningococci with reduced susceptibility to penicillin is increasing. Such strains were heterogeneous and accounted for ∼30% of isolates during this period, warranting continued surveillance of this phenomenon.

The high power plasma torch (PlazJet) can be used to spray refractory ceramics with high spray rates and deposition efficiency. It can provide dense and hard coating with high bond strengths. When manufacturing thermal barrier coatings, the PlazJet gun is well adapted to spraying the ceramic top coat but not the MCrAlY materials that are used as bond coat. Arc spraying can compete with plasma spraying for metallic coatings since cored wires can be used to spray alloys and composites. In addition, the high production rate of arc spraying enables a significant decrease in coating cost. This paper discusses the performances of the PlazJet gun, and a twin-wire arc spray system, and compares the properties and cost of MCrAlY coatings made with these two processes. For arc spraying, the use of air or nitrogen as atomizing gas is also investigated.

The high power plasma torch (PlazJet) can be used to spray refractory ceramics with high spray rates and deposition efficiency. It can provide dense and hard coating with high bond strengths. When manufacturing thermal barrier coatings, the PlazJet gun is well adapted to spraying the ceramic top coat but not the MCrAlY materials that are used as bond coat. Arc spraying can compete with plasma spraying for metallic coatings since cored wires can be used to spray alloys and composites. In addition, the high production rate of arc spraying enables a significant decrease in coating cost. This paper discusses the performances of the PlazJet gun, and a twin-wire arc spray system, and compares the properties and cost of MCrAlY coatings made with these two processes. For arc spraying, the use of air or nitrogen as atomizing gas is also investigated. Substrates: nickel-based superalloy.