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The potential of photocatalytic CO[sub.2] conversion is significant for the production of fuels and chemicals, while simultaneously mitigating CO[sub.2] emissions and addressing environmental concerns. Despite the current drawbacks of single metal-based photocatalysts, such as lower performance, uncontrollable selectivity, and instability, this study focuses on the synthesis of Ag[sub.3]VO[sub.4] nanorods using the sol–gel method. The goal is to create a highly effective catalyst for visible light-responsive CO[sub.2] conversion. The successful synthesis of Ag[sub.3]VO[sub.4] nanorods with a nanorod structure, functional under visible light, resulted in the highest yields of CH[sub.4] and dimethyl ether (DME) at 271 and 69 µmole/g-cat, respectively. The optimized Ag[sub.3]VO[sub.4] nanorods demonstrated performance improvements, with CH[sub.4] and DME production 6.4 times and 4.5 times higher than when using V[sub.2]O[sub.5] samples. This suggests that Ag[sub.3]VO[sub.4] nanorods facilitate electron transfer to CO[sub.2], offer short pathways for electron transfer, and create empty spaces within the nanorods as electron reservoirs, enhancing the photoactivity. The prolonged stability of Ag[sub.3]VO[sub.4] in the CO[sub.2] conversion system confirms that the nanorod structure provides controllable selectivity and stability. Therefore, the fabrication of nanorod structures holds promise in advancing high-performance photocatalysts in the field of photocatalytic CO[sub.2] conversion to solar fuels.

Topological indices are numerical invariants of molecular graphs and are beneficial for predicting the physicochemical properties of chemical compounds. In this view, a topological index can be considered as a score function which maps each molecular structure to a real number. In the past two decades, tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanostructures have been extensively studied for their diverse technological applications. They have received greater attention by researchers, owing to their novel functionalities and unique physicochemical properties. We, for the first time, compute the Sum Connectivity index, Variable Sum index, ABC index, Harmonic index, Ordinary Geometric Arithmetic index, SK indices, Forgotten index, Symmetric Division index, Augmented Zagreb index, Inverse sum index, IRM index, Modified second Zagreb index, Inverse Randic index, Albertson and Bell topological indices of cubic structured WO3 [l, m, n] nanomultilayer. We also present a graphical analysis of all indices with respect to the dimension of this nanomultilayer.

In this article, monoclinic tungsten tri-oxide (m-WO3) nanoparticles (hereafter NPs) were prepared by facile precipitation method and they were successfully examined as gas sensing materials for monitoring gaseous ammonia at room temperature have been reported. The effect of calcination temperature on structural and morphological properties of the prepared samples were also investigated. Physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, UV-Vis and PL analysis. XRD studies confirmed the monoclinic structure of the prepared NPs. Optical studies disclosed that the obtained samples were having wider optical band gaps ranging from 2.48 to 2.76 eV. Sensing signatures such as selectivity, transient response along with performance indicators like repeatability and stability have also been investigated. Invitingly, the sample calcined at 823 K exhibited highly improved sensing response of 142 towards 200 ppm of ammonia with rapid response/recovery time of 26 / 79 s.

The potential of photocatalytic CO2 conversion is significant for the production of fuels and chemicals, while simultaneously mitigating CO2 emissions and addressing environmental concerns. Despite the current drawbacks of single metal-based photocatalysts, such as lower performance, uncontrollable selectivity, and instability, this study focuses on the synthesis of Ag3VO4 nanorods using the sol–gel method. The goal is to create a highly effective catalyst for visible light-responsive CO2 conversion. The successful synthesis of Ag3VO4 nanorods with a nanorod structure, functional under visible light, resulted in the highest yields of CH4 and dimethyl ether (DME) at 271 and 69 µmole/g-cat, respectively. The optimized Ag3VO4 nanorods demonstrated performance improvements, with CH4 and DME production 6.4 times and 4.5 times higher than when using V2O5 samples. This suggests that Ag3VO4 nanorods facilitate electron transfer to CO2, offer short pathways for electron transfer, and create empty spaces within the nanorods as electron reservoirs, enhancing the photoactivity. The prolonged stability of Ag3VO4 in the CO2 conversion system confirms that the nanorod structure provides controllable selectivity and stability. Therefore, the fabrication of nanorod structures holds promise in advancing high-performance photocatalysts in the field of photocatalytic CO2 conversion to solar fuels.

Ultra high sensitive room temperature gas sensor based on Ni-doped WO3 nanoparticles(hereafter NPs) has been reported here. The synthesis of pure and Ni-doped WO3 NPs was done by facile precipitation route. XRD studies revealed the polycrystalline monoclinic structure of the prepared samples with the preferential growth orientation along (002) crystal plane. Analysis via SEM and FE-SEM was conducted, and the micrographs showed that the synthesized samples were found to have highly porous structure with excellent dispersibility. The successful incorporation of Ni2+ ions in to WO3 lattice has been confirmed by XPS analysis. The highly improved room temperature gas sensing characteristics of WO3 by Ni doping is also studied using a high sensitive electrometer. Compared to undoped WO3, 3 mol. % Ni-doped WO3 sensor showed nearly 20-fold greater sensitivity (2641 - 200 ppm ammonia, room temperature) with rapid response/recovery times of 40/97 s.

Fabrication of low-cost, durable and efficient metal oxide nanocomposites were successfully synthesized and reinforced with photo-resin via 3-dimensional printing. Here, we put forward a novel approach to enhance the mechanical and thermal behaviors of stereolithography (SLA) 3D printed architecture by adding TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs) in different crystalline phases (anatase and rutile), which were obtained at different annealing temperatures from 400 °C to 1000°C. The heat-treated anatase TNPs were scrutinized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Among all the samples, at 800 °C, annealed anatase TNPs exposed a highly crystalline anatase phase, having a low energy bandgap and a comparably high tensile strength (47.43 MPa) and high elastic modulus (2.261 GPa) for the 3D printed samples, showing improvement by 103% and 32%, respectively, compared with the printed pristine stereolithography resin (SLR) sample. Moreover, enhanced storage modulus and tan δ values were achieved via the better interfacial interactions between the incorporated nanofillers and the SLR matrix. In addition to this, enhanced thermal conductivity and thermal stability of the SLR matrix were also noted. The low energy bandgap and nanoscale size of the fillers helped to achieve good dispersion and allowed the UV light to penetrate at a maximum depth through the photo resin.

Silver (Ag) ornamented TiO2 semiconducting nanoparticles were synthesized through the sol-gel process to be utilized as nanofillers with photo resin to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of stereolithography 3D printed objects. The as-prepared Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles (Ag-TNP) were typified and qualified by XRD, XPS, Raman, and FESEM; TEM analysis dissected the morphologies. The enhancement in the tensile and flexural strengths of SLR/Ag-TNP nanocomposites was noted as 60.8% and 71.8%, respectively, at the loading content of 1.0% w/w Ag-TNP within the SLR (stereolithography resin) matrix. Similarly, the thermal conductivity and thermal stability were observed as higher for SLR/Ag-TNP nanocomposites, equated to neat SLR. The nanoindentation investigation shows an excerpt hike in reduced modulus and hardness by the inclusion of Ag-TNP. The resulted thermal analysis discloses that the introduction of Ag-TNP can appreciably augment the glass transition temperature (Tg), and residual char yield of SLR nanocomposites remarkably. Hence, the significant incorporation of as-prepared Ag-TNP can act as effective nanofillers to enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of photo resin.

Aim: To determine if antioxidant supplements (β carotene and vitamins C and E) can decrease the progression of cataract in rural South India. Methods: The Antioxidants in Prevention of Cataracts (APC) Study was a 5 year, randomised, triple masked, placebo controlled, field based clinical trial to assess the ability of interventional antioxidant supplements to slow cataract progression. The primary outcome variable was change in nuclear opalescence over time. Secondary outcome variables were cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities and nuclear colour changes; best corrected visual acuity change; myopic shift; and failure of treatment. Annual examinations were performed for each subject by three examiners, in a masked fashion. Multivariate modelling using a general estimating equation was used for analysis of results, correcting for multiple measurements over time. Results: Initial enrolment was 798 subjects. Treatment groups were comparable at baseline. There was high compliance with follow up and study medications. There was progression in cataracts. There was no significant difference between placebo and active treatment groups for either the primary or secondary outcome variables. Conclusion: Antioxidant supplementation with β carotene, vitamins C and E did not affect cataract progression in a population with a high prevalence of cataract whose diet is generally deficient in antioxidants.

Antibiotic overuse has resulted in the microevolution of drug-tolerant bacteria. Understandably it has become one of the most significant obstacles of the current century for scientists and researchers to overcome. Bacteria have a tendency to form biofilm as a survival mechanism. Biofilm producing microorganism become far more resistant to antimicrobial agents and their tolerance to drugs also increases. Prevention of biofilm development and curbing the virulency factors of these multi drug resistant or tolerant bacterial pathogens is a newly recognised tactic for overcoming the challenges associated with such bacterial infections and has become a niche to be addressed. In order to inhibit virulence and biofilm from planktonic bacteria such as, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and others, stable nanoemulsions (NEs) of essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive compounds prove to be an interesting solution. These NEs demonstrated significantly greater anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activity than commercial antibiotics. The EO reduces disease-causing gene expression, which is required for pathogenicity, biofilm formation and attachment to the surfaces. Essential NE and NE-loaded hydrogel surface coatings demonstrates superior antibiofilm activity which can be employed in healthcare-related equipments like glass, plastic, and metal chairs, hospital beds, ventilators, catheters, and tools used in intensive care units. Thus, anti-virulence and anti-biofilm forming strategies based on NEs-loaded hydrogel may be used as coatings to combat biofilm-mediated infection on solid surfaces.

The latest trends in technologies has shifted the focus to developing innovative methods for comprehensive property enhancement of the polymer composites with facile and undemanding experimental techniques. This work reports an elementary technique to fabricate high-performance unsaturated polyester-based nanocomposites. It focuses on the interactive effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) within the unsaturated polymermatrix. The hybrid framework of POSS-functionalized graphene oxide has been configured via peptide bonding between the aminopropyl isobutyl POSS and graphene oxide. The synergistic effect of POSS and graphene oxide paved the way for a mechanism to inculcate a hybrid framework within the unsaturated polyester (UP) via in situ polymerization to develop UP/GO-POSS nanocomposites. The surface-appended POSS within the graphene oxide boosted its dispersion in the UP matrix, furnishing an enhancement in tensile strength of the UP/GO-POSS composites by 61.9%, thermal decomposition temperature (10% mass loss) by 69.8 °C and electrical conductivity by 108 S/m, in contrast to pure UP. In particular, the homogenous influence of the POSS-modified GO could be vindicated in the surging of the limiting oxygen index (%) in the as-prepared nanocomposites. The inclusive property amelioration vindicates the use of fabricated nanocomposites as high-performance nanomaterials in electrotechnical applications.