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A small-molecule inhibitor of the type III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Vps34, binds the ATP binding pocket and prevents vesicle trafficking and autophagy. Vps34 is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) class III isoform that has attracted major attention over the recent years because of its role in autophagy. Herein we describe the biological characterization of SAR405, which is a low-molecular-mass kinase inhibitor of Vps34 ( K D 1.5 nM). This compound has an exquisite protein and lipid kinase selectivity profile that is explained by its unique binding mode and molecular interactions within the ATP binding cleft of human Vps34. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first potent and specific Vps34 inhibitor described so far. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of Vps34 kinase activity by SAR405 affects both late endosome-lysosome compartments and prevents autophagy. Moreover, we show that the concomitant inhibition of Vps34 and mTOR, with SAR405 and the US Food and Drug Administration–approved mTOR inhibitor everolimus, results in synergistic antiproliferative activity in renal tumor cell lines, indicating a potential clinical application in cancer.

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting refugee crisis, this study investigates innovative and flexible forms of trans-local care among communities of Ukrainian refugees living with HIV in host countries, particularly Germany and Poland. The study adopts a community-based participatory research approach to understand how trans-local community-based organizations (CBOs) support access to HIV care for Ukrainian refugees in Germany and Poland, and what roles activists and peer networks play in overcoming barriers to healthcare in the context of forced displacement. It is based on semi-structured interviews with refugee activists, community members, healthcare professionals, social workers, and subject-matter experts—52 interviews in total conducted in 2023–2024. The research identifies emerging configurations of community networks that facilitate access to healthcare, including community-based, mixed-type, and bridge-type organizations. Activists play a central role in navigating unfamiliar healthcare systems, advocating for migrant-sensitive services, and developing grassroots solutions to both individual and structural barriers to HIV care in contexts of forced displacement. Migrant organizations are instrumental in facilitating community-based linkage to HIV care for refugees. In the case of Ukrainian transnational communities, these organizations draw on previously acquired experiences, knowledge, and skills to support their peers. The involvement of community-led initiatives is essential to reducing disparities in healthcare access and promoting the well-being of forced migrants.

Background In France, since 2007, there is a compulsory warning recommending abstinence during pregnancy on every container of alcohol. Awareness of this warning, which consists of a small pictogram, is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess awareness of the warning and risk perceptions about prenatal drinking in pregnant and postpartum women. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out by telephone five years after the introduction of the warning label. A total of 3603 pregnant or postpartum French women participated. A quota sampling method was used to ensure the sample reflected the population. Multivariate analyses examined the characteristics associated with knowledge of risks and with awareness of the warning label. Results The warning label had been noticed by 66.1% of women and 77.3% of drinkers. Of those who had noticed the warning, 98.6% thought that it suggested abstinence. Overall, 40.8% of the women thought that spirits were more harmful than wine or beer, and 8.9% thought that drinking beer was recommended for lactation. Conclusion Awareness of the warning is high but knowledge about the risks associated with wine and beer is poor. Practice Implications Future information campaigns should educate women about standard drinks and their pure alcohol equivalent. They should emphasize the risks associated with drinking during breastfeeding.

Present French policy with respect to drugs was defined in a government programme ratified at a meeting of the Inter-Ministerial Committee for the Control of Drugs and Drug Abuse, held on September 14, 1995 and headed by the Prime Minister. The present government plan rests on three main lines of action, which will be examined here in their historical context. They are: reinforced control of drug trafficking, expansion of the existing health care and of prevention-related action, plus specific measures aimed at abusers under court supervision. This article draws the picture of past and current drug policy and legislation in France.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Résumé en Français Objectif En France, depuis 2007, tous les contenants de boissons alcoolisées comportent un avertissement destiné aux femmes enceintes recommandant l’abstinence. On ignore si les femmes enceintes remarquent cet avertissement, qui est le plus souvent affiché sous la forme d’un petit pictogramme. L’objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la connaissance de cet avertissement ainsi que la perception des risques sur la consommation d’alcool pendant la grossesse dans un échantillon de femmes enceintes ou venant d’accoucher. Méthodes Une enquête transversale a été menée par téléphone cinq ans après l’introduction de l’avertissement. Un total de 3603 femmes ont été interrogées alors qu’elles étaient enceintes ou en postpartum. Une méthode d’échantillonnage par quota a été utilisée pour que l’échantillon reflète la population. Des analyses multivariées examinaient les caractéristiques associées à la connaissance de l’avertissement et à la perception des risques. Résultats L’avertissement avait été remarqué par 66,1% des femmes et 77,3% des buveuses. Parmi celles qui avaient remarqué l’avertissement, 98,6% pensaient qu’il suggérait l’abstinence de consommation d’alcool. Au total, 40,8% des femmes pensaient que les alcools distillés (les alcools “forts”) étaient plus dangereux que le vin ou la bière, et 8,9% des femmes pensaient que la bière était recommandée pour l'allaitement. Conclusion Une part importante de femmes a remarqué l’avertissement mais la connaissance des risques est faible pour une part notable de femmes. Implications pour la pratique Les futures campagnes d’information devraient insister sur l’équivalence en alcool pur entre les différentes boissons alcoolisées, et devraient souligner les risques associés à la consommation d’alcool pendant l’allaitement.

Belgium is increasingly encountering drinking water problems because of resource scarcity and because of the quality of surface water from rivers and canal, which are often highly degraded. High organic matter concentrations are found and treated water has non-satisfying organic contents. This has a direct impact on THM formation and bacteria regrowth in the supply network. With more and more stringent regulations, organic matters concentration level in drinking water must be reduced. Nanofiltration (NF) is a suitable method for organic matter removal with reduction efficiency sometimes higher than 90 % (Orecki et al. 2004). It can be more effective than conventional technologies like activated carbon adsorption (Coté et al. 1996). This is a reason for upgrading old treatment plants by using NF treatment as a polishing step. Two drinking water treatment plants located in Eupen and La Gileppe in Belgium needed to be upgraded. These both plants treat surface water from dams and are equipped with a conventional clarification. A pilot study was carried out to compare different treatment files to remove Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Biologically Degradable Organic Carbon (BDOC). NF process has been finally chosen. The aim of the paper is to report and discuss data supporting the choice of NF from pilot scale study and next full-scale performances of both upgraded drinking water treatment plants. The whole demonstrates the interest of NF as a suitable technology organic matter removal.

Discusses interrogations about use of narcotics over the past 25 years, including marijuana, heroin, and cocaine, legal penalization for use, and characteristics of users, including sex, age, and nationality; France.

Simmat-Durand L., Martineau H. Vingt-cinq années de répression de l'usage illicite de stupéfiants. In: Population, 54ᵉ année, n°4-5, 1999. pp. 777-790.