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"Durst, Anne"
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Women educators in the Progressive Era : the women behind Dewey's Laboratory School
\"In 1896, John Dewey established the Laboratory School at the University of Chicago--an experimental school whose creation coincided with the development of the philosophy of pragmatism. This book explores the experiences and writings of four teachers at the Laboratory School, both to investigate their lives as female professionals during the Progressive era, and to add to our understanding of this innovative institution and how these philosophies and innovations have carried out to this day\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
A contribution to the French validation of the clinical anxiety scale amongst health care workers in Switzerland
Background
Anxiety disorders are frequent but remain often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Hence, valid screening instruments are needed to enhance the diagnostic process. The Clinical Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a 25-item anxiety screening tool derived from the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). However, this scale is not available in French. The General anxiety disorder − 7 (GAD-7) scale, which has been validated in French, is a 7-item instrument with good psychometric properties. This study contributes to the validation of an adapted French version of the CAS, using the GAD-7 as the reference.
Methods
A forward-backward English-French-English translation of the CAS was performed according to standard practice. The French versions of the CAS and GAD-7 were completed by 127 French speaking healthcare professionals. CAS internal consistency was assessed using Crohnbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliability was tested after 15 days in a subsample of 30 subjects. Convergent validity with GAD-7 was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Test-retest reliability was explored using one-way random effects model to calculate the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results
French CAS showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.97), high convergent validity with GAD-7 (Pearson’s R 0.81,
p
< 0.001), and very good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.97, 95% CI 0.93–0.98).
Conclusion
The proposed French version of the CAS showed high reliability and validity that need to be further investigated in different populations.
Journal Article
Advance care planning dispositions: the relationship between knowledge and perception
Background
Legal dispositions for advance care planning (ACP) are available but used by a minority of older adults in Switzerland. Some studies found that knowledge of and perception of those dispositions are positively associated with their higher usage. The objective of the present study is to test the hypothesis of an association between increased knowledge of ACP dispositions and a more positive perception of them.
Methods
Data collected in 2014 among 2125 Swiss community-dwellers aged 71 to 80 of the Lausanne cohort 65+ (Lc65+), a population-based longitudinal study on aging and frailty. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire on knowledge, use and perception of lasting power of attorney, advance directives and designation of a health care proxy. Covariables were extracted from the Lc65+ database. Bivariable and multivariable regression analyses assessed the association between level of knowledge and perception.
Results
Half the participants did not know about legal dispositions for ACP; filing rates were 14% for advance directives, 11% for health care proxy and 6% for lasting power of attorney. Level of knowledge about the dispositions was associated with a more positive perception of them, even when adjusting for confounding factors.
Conclusion
Although the direction of the association’s causality needs more investigation, results indicate that better knowledge on ACP dispositions could improve the perception older people have of them. Communication on dispositions should take into account individual knowledge levels and address commonly enunciated barriers that seem to diminish with increased knowledge.
Journal Article
Fighting social isolation in times of pandemic COVID-19: the role of video calls for older hospitalized patients
BackgroundLoneliness and social isolation are associated with anxiety and psychological discomfort, especially amongst the oldest and fragile persons.AimsSILVER evaluates the acceptance of video calls by old hospitalized patients and their relatives during the ban on visits due to the COVID-19. Moreover, SILVER evaluates if the use of different communication technology is associated with different outcomes in terms of anxiety, fear of self and of others’ death and mood.MethodsSILVER is an observational multicentre study. Patients hospitalized in two geriatric units in Switzerland and in one orthogeriatric unit in Italy and their relatives were enrolled. Participants can freely choose to use phone or video calls and were evaluated over a week. We measured anxiety, fear of death and mood at baseline and at the end of the study with standard scales. The use of video or phone calls was associated to a change in these parameters by two-way ANOVA for repeated measures.ResultsSixty-four patients and relatives were enrolled, 26.5% used phone calls and 73.5% video calls. The use of video calls was associated with a reduction in anxiety and fear of death in patients and relatives as compared to participants using phone calls.DiscussionOld patients and their relatives accepted and appreciated the use of video calls during hospitalization; moreover, participant using video calls appears to be less anxious and less afraid of death.ConclusionsVideo calls may be a useful communication tool for hospitalized older patients to keep social relationships with relatives and reduce their anxiety and fear of death.Trial RegistrationRetrospectively registered on 1st September 2021 in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05000099).
Journal Article
\Of Women, by Women, and for Women\: The Day Nursery Movement in the Progressive-Era United States
Wage-earning mothers of the Progressive-era United States shared a very pressing concern: securing care for their young children during their working hours. While many relied upon relatives of friends, others turned to day nurseries, institutions created by reform-minded women to address changing family needs in the industrial cities of the United States. National in scope, with particular focus on several municipal day nursery associations and individual nurseries, this study investigates how these early day care centers were shaped by the women whose lives intersected there: the managers who founded the nurseries, the matrons hired to run them, and the mothers who sought their services. Women at various levels of the day nursery movement approached this reform work from different perspectives, as some of the local managers and matrons fashioned policies that responded to the needs of actual wage-earning mothers rather than the dictates of the national day nursery and charity establishments And wage-earning mothers, despite the vulnerability that came with their precarious economic situations, sometimes found ways to assert their rights as parents and their aspirations for their families.
Journal Article
“Of Women, By Women, and For Women”1: The Day Nursery Movement in the Progressive-era United States
Wage-earning mothers of the Progressive-era United States shared a very pressing concern: securing care for their young children during their working hours. While many relied upon relatives or friends, others turned to day nurseries, institutions created by reform-minded women to address changing family needs in the industrial cities of the United States. National in scope, with particular focus on several municipal day nursery associations and individual nurseries, this study investigates how these early day care centers were shaped by the women whose lives intersected there: the managers who founded the nurseries, the matrons hired to run them, and the mothers who sought their services. Women at various levels of the day nursery movement approached this reform work from different perspectives, as some of the local managers and matrons fashioned policies that responded to the needs of actual wage-earning mothers rather than the dictates of the national day nursery and charity establishments And wage-earning mothers, despite the vulnerability that came with their precarious economic situations, sometimes found ways to assert their rights as parents and their aspirations for their families. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Day nurseries and wage-earning mothers in the United States, 1890-1930
This study is an examination of the day nursery movement, a middle- and upper-class female reform that arose in response to the needs of wage-earning mothers of the working classes. During the period around the turn of the twentieth century, women of the working classes found it increasingly necessary to seek wage labor in order to support themselves and their dependents. Wage-earning mothers needed to procure care for their children during their work hours, and most sought the assistance of relatives and neighbors to do so. Some wage-earning women, however, were unable to secure care for their children from these sources. Some of these women turned to day nurseries, child care agencies created by upper-status women. The day nursery managers, who established and maintained the nurseries, worked within the vast network of female reform movements that arose in response to the wretched conditions in many turn-of-the-century industrial cities. Because day nurseries offered assistance to mothers who sought gainful employment, their creators faced much public criticism, especially from the Charity Organization Societies (COSs), and later from the social work profession. Although some of the day nursery movement's leaders ceded to their critics' demands to limit day nursery services to \"worthy\" families, many women at the level of the individual nurseries, who maintained close contact with the wage-earning mothers, found it difficult to refuse their services to needy women. In many instances, the very families deemed \"unworthy\" by the COSs were those assisted in the nurseries. The professionalization of social services in the 1910s and 1920s altered the day nurseries, as social workers, who were inimical to maternal employment, assumed some of the responsibilities formerly held by the nursery matrons and managers. Despite this development, many day nursery reformers continued to offer support to wage-earning mothers. The creation of day nurseries during the early twentieth century involved a complicated synthesis of the ideas of the movement's leaders, the somewhat different goals of the managers, the personalities and views of the matrons, and the needs of the wage-earning mothers.
Dissertation
Relationship between depression and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a MOTIV-CABG substudy
Context/objectives Depression is associated with higher risk of death and major adverse cardiac events among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aimed to investigate the impact of preoperative depression on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes over the first 12 postoperative months. Methods Patients were the participants in the MOTIV-CABG study that was a single-center, non-stratified, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 4 trial, conducted between January 2006 and February 2012 at University Hospital, Besançon, France. The effect of preoperative depression (measured using the Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) on changes in SF-36 component summary scores [mental (MCS) and physical (PCS)] over time was tested using a generalized linear model for repeated measures. The presence of depression was defined as a BDI score >3. Results There were 359 patients in this study: 217 (60.4 %) had no preoperative depression, and 142 (39.6 %) had preoperative depression. During follow-up, the MCS and PCS scores increased in both groups. The improvement was of smaller magnitude in the group of patients depressed baseline as compared to those with no depression (difference in LSM = -7.45, p < 10⁻³, for MCS, and -6.80, p < 10⁻³, for PCS). Conclusion Preoperative depression has a negative impact on HRQoL improvement during postoperative follow-up after CABG. It seems important to detect depression before CABG to begin antidepressant therapy and improve patients' HRQoL.
Journal Article
Critical Success Factors in Capturing Knowledge for Retention in IT-Supported Repositories
In this paper, the authors demonstrate the suitability of IT-supported knowledge repositories for knowledge retention. Successful knowledge retention is dependent on what is stored in a repository and, hence, possible to share. Accordingly, the ability to capture the right (relevant) knowledge is a key aspect. Therefore, to increase the quality in an IT-supported knowledge repository, the identification activity, which starts the capture process, must be successfully performed. While critical success factors (CSFs) for knowledge retention and knowledge management are frequently discussed in the literature, there is a knowledge gap concerning CSFs for this specific knowledge capture activity. From a knowledge retention perspective, this paper proposes a model that characterizes CSFs for the identification activity and highlights the CSFs’ contribution to knowledge retention.
Journal Article
Assessing the genetic architecture of epithelial ovarian cancer histological subtypes
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the deadliest common cancers. The five most common types of disease are high-grade and low-grade serous, endometrioid, mucinous and clear cell carcinoma. Each of these subtypes present distinct molecular pathogeneses and sensitivities to treatments. Recent studies show that certain genetic variants confer susceptibility to all subtypes while other variants are subtype-specific. Here, we perform an extensive analysis of the genetic architecture of EOC subtypes. To this end, we used data of 10,014 invasive EOC patients and 21,233 controls from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium genotyped in the iCOGS array (211,155 SNPs). We estimate the array heritability (attributable to variants tagged on arrays) of each subtype and their genetic correlations. We also look for genetic overlaps with factors such as obesity, smoking behaviors, diabetes, age at menarche and height. We estimated the array heritabilities of high-grade serous disease (
h
g
2
= 8.8 ± 1.1 %), endometrioid (
h
g
2
= 3.2 ± 1.6 %), clear cell (
h
g
2
= 6.7 ± 3.3 %) and all EOC (
h
g
2
= 5.6 ± 0.6 %). Known associated loci contributed approximately 40 % of the total array heritability for each subtype. The contribution of each chromosome to the total heritability was not proportional to chromosome size. Through bivariate and cross-trait LD score regression, we found evidence of shared genetic backgrounds between the three high-grade subtypes: serous, endometrioid and undifferentiated. Finally, we found significant genetic correlations of all EOC with diabetes and obesity using a polygenic prediction approach.
Journal Article