Explore the vast range of titles available.

Perifollicular elastolysis (PE), frequently referred to as papular acne scars, is an underrecognized folliculocentric disorder; its clinicopathologic spectrum and management have not been comprehensively synthesized. We performed a systematic review by searching Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to 16 December 2025, for primary PE reports, synthesized findings narratively, and appraised bias risk using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. After applying relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 studies, largely case reports/series, were included. PE typically presents as asymptomatic, noninflammatory, discrete follicular papules, most often skin-colored to whitish/yellowish, occurring mainly on the face and other acne-prone sites. Histopathological investigations reproducibly have shown selective perifollicular loss and/or fragmentation of elastic fibers on staining, with variable perifollicular fibrotic or scar-like changes. Therapeutic evidence was sparse and heterogeneous; the largest interventional study evaluated fractional CO2 laser delivered in an artificial grid pattern (three sessions; 2-month intervals) and reported short-term improvement with transient post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in 15.6% of patients. Overall, PE shows a consistent clinicopathologic signature, but high-certainty therapeutic evidence remains limited; future studies should standardize terminology, diagnostic criteria, and core outcomes and use prospective comparative designs to establish effective and safe treatments.

Exposure to plant protection products (pesticides) is common among agricultural workers and may represent an underrecognized cause of mucocutaneous disease. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey in agricultural communities in southern Thailand (August–November 2025) to estimate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and dermatology-specific quality-of-life impact of pesticide-attributed symptoms. Agricultural workers with pesticide use or exposure within the preceding 12 months were recruited via convenience sampling; participants provided consent and completed standardized interviewer-administered questionnaires assessing demographics, pesticide exposure history and application practices, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, self-reported cutaneous and mucosal symptoms (ocular and oral/nasal), and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Of the 354 eligible individuals, 228 participated in the study, and 226 were included in the analyses. The median age was 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 15), and 82.7% were male. Overall, 14.6% reported pesticide-attributed cutaneous symptoms, 5.3% reported ocular mucosal symptoms, and 0.4% reported oral/nasal mucosal symptoms. Cutaneous manifestations were predominantly symptoms occurring after exposure, with pruritic, erythematous eruptions affecting the arms and hands that typically resolved within 1–7 days after cessation of exposure. Among symptomatic participants, the median DLQI was 0.5 (IQR 3.0); however, DLQI scores were significantly higher among participants who reported pesticide-attributed cutaneous symptoms (p < 0.001) and ocular symptoms (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that pesticide-associated mucocutaneous effects are generally mild yet clinically meaningful, underscoring the need to strengthen PPE training, risk communication, and occupational health surveillance in agricultural settings.

Background/Objectives: The objective of this scoping review was to systematically map the available evidence for the management of scleredema diabeticorum (SD) to summarize the documented clinical outcomes with the aim to inform clinical practice and identify research gaps. Methods: We conducted a scoping review identifying studies published in English from January 2005 to July 2025 through a comprehensive search of Scopus, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, case series, and case reports on treatment interventions and clinical outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and narratively and descriptively synthesized data. Results: Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria: 39 single-patient case reports, five case series, and one multicenter observational study. The most common interventions were PUVA (8 studies, 14 patients; 12/14 improved, 85.7%), methotrexate (8 studies, 22 patients; 8/22 improved, 36.4%), and improved glycemic control (9 studies, 12 patients; mixed responses). Across small case reports/series, PUVA, UVA-1, and IVIG were most frequently reported as beneficial. Methotrexate monotherapy showed low and inconsistent effectiveness, with higher responses when combined with other agents. Other reported therapies included colchicine, electron-beam radiation, tranilast, and topical hyaluronidase. Conclusions: PUVA, UVA-1, and IVIG may offer benefit, while methotrexate alone is often ineffective. Evidence is predominantly from case reports and small series, which makes it difficult to generalize. Multicenter trials with standardized protocols are needed to develop evidence-based treatment recommendations.

Background/Objectives: Facial melasma is a common, chronic, and relapsing hyperpigmentation disorder, affecting up to 40% of adult women in Southeast Asia. Although most cases are mild, the condition may have a considerable psychological impact. Ocular photoaging diseases are also common and have been increasingly recognized in aging populations exposed to chronic sunlight. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is implicated in both melasma and ocular photoaging; however, their relationship remains unclear. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between facial melasma and UV-induced ocular conditions among 315 participants aged 30–80 years at Walailak University Hospital, Thailand. Facial melasma was diagnosed clinically and dermoscopically, with severity assessed using the modified Melasma Area Severity Index. Ophthalmological examinations evaluated UV-related ocular conditions, including pinguecula, pterygium, climatic droplet keratopathy, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration. Logistic regression analyses were performed, adjusting for age, sex, and sun exposure. Results: Facial melasma was identified in 66.0% of participants (n = 208), and nuclear cataracts were significantly associated with melasma (adjusted odds ratio, 2.590; 95% confidence interval, 1.410–4.770; p = 0.002). Additionally, melasma severity correlated with nuclear cataract severity (ρ = 0.186, p = 0.001). Other ocular conditions were not significantly associated with melasma. Conclusions: These findings suggest a shared UV-related pathogenesis between facial melasma and nuclear cataracts. Sun protection measures, including regular sunscreen use, UV-blocking eyewear, and wide-brimmed hats, may help mitigate the risk of both conditions. Further multicenter studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological condition that is often treated with isotretinoin, a potent medication effective in moderate to severe cases. However, its use requires careful monitoring because of its potential hepatotoxic effects. Isotretinoin has been associated with transient elevations in liver enzyme levels, with mild abnormalities observed in up to 11% of cases. Severe elevations (grade ≥ 3), indicating potential liver dysfunction, occur infrequently, with an incidence of approximately 0.2% to 0.5%. The mechanisms underlying isotretinoin-induced liver injury involve oxidative stress and genetic susceptibility, primarily manifesting as idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. Most enzyme abnormalities occur within the initial months of treatment, and their clinical significance varies, with many cases resolving without intervention. A review of large cohort studies highlighted the incidence of abnormal liver function tests, including elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. These abnormalities are often present within the first 3 months of therapy, particularly at higher cumulative doses. The role of routine liver function monitoring is debated, with recommendations favoring baseline and early follow-up tests and further testing guided by clinical indicators. Alanine aminotransferase may serve as a more specific marker for liver injury compared to other markers, such as aspartate aminotransferase. This review highlights the importance of evidence-based guidelines to balance effective acne treatment with the risk of isotretinoin-induced hepatotoxicity. Standardizing monitoring protocols and integrating genetic and oxidative stress markers may enhance safety and therapeutic outcomes. Further research is essential to refine these strategies and address gaps in long-term hepatotoxicity data.

Background: The influence of digital media on public perception of sexual health is significant and relates to its effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Motion graphics and animation represent a novel innovation in health-related communication. The visual attractiveness and adaptability to cultural issues offer an alternative means of conveying often sensitive issues. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of their efficacy in delivering sexual health messages and to identify the components contributing to success. Methods: A literature search was conducted using Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), and DOAJ, covering studies from inception to 31 August 2025. All eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and other evaluations, which were synthesized by outcomes related to knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, intentions, and/or psychosocial well-being. The study was pre-registered on the INPLASY platform (INPLASY202580073). Results: Eleven studies published between the years 1989 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria. The majority reported improvements in sexual health knowledge and attitudes, and several studies also demonstrated improved behaviors and psychosocial well-being. Factors that contributed to interventions that have been successful were cultural adaptation, being based on theory, and presentation over time. Conclusions: Motion graphics and animation, therefore, represent an exciting means of sexual health promotion and stigma reduction. Future studies should therefore focus on the determination of standardized formats for media presentations, the evaluation of long-term effects, and the evaluation of cost–benefit to enhance the effectiveness of media communication in health promotion.

Audiovisual tools are increasingly used in healthcare to improve patient education and engagement. However, few studies, particularly in dermatology, have evaluated their effectiveness in enhancing patient understanding during the informed consent process. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a motion-graphic educational video with conventional verbal consent for patients undergoing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). In this randomized controlled trial, participants aged 18-55 years with AGA were recruited at the Dermatology Clinic, Walailak University Hospital, between December 2024 and March 2025. Participants were randomized to receive informed consent through either an educational video (Group A) or a conventional verbal explanation (Group B). Pre- and post-intervention knowledge and anxiety levels were assessed, and satisfaction was evaluated in Group A. Thirty-four participants completed the study (73.5% male; median age: 39.5 years, IQR: 23.0). Median baseline knowledge and anxiety scores were 0.0 (IQR: 2.0) and 6.0 (IQR: 3.0), respectively. Post-intervention knowledge scores increased significantly in both groups (Group A: 9.0, IQR: 1.0; Group B: 7.0, IQR: 2.0;  < 0.001), with a greater knowledge gain in Group A (8.0, IQR: 3.0) compared to Group B (6.0, IQR: 2.0;  = 0.009). Anxiety scores remained unchanged in both groups. Group A reported a high usefulness score for the video (median, 10.0; IQR, 1.0). No significant correlations were found between demographic factors and baseline knowledge or anxiety. The motion-graphic educational video improved patient knowledge compared with conventional verbal explanations, without reducing anxiety. Participants reported high satisfaction, supporting the use of audiovisual media as an effective adjunct to the informed consent process. https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20241222004, identifier TCTR20241222004.

Melatonin, a neurohormone regulating circadian rhythms, also plays a role in hair follicle physiology through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This scoping review aimed to assess preclinical and clinical evidence supporting melatonin as a therapeutic option for alopecia. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and DOAJ identified studies on androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and diffuse hair loss. Preclinical findings suggest melatonin promotes follicular stem cell proliferation, modulates signaling pathways, and protects against damage. Clinical trials indicate that topical melatonin increases hair density, prolongs the anagen phase, and reduces hair shedding with minimal adverse effects. While current evidence supports its potential, variability in study design highlights the need for standardized clinical trials.