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Business English writing competence is increasingly critical for Indonesian university graduates navigating global professional environments, yet many students continue to experience persistent difficulties with grammar, coherence, and professional register. Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) tools such as Grammarly and Grammark provide immediate, data-driven feedback that may support writing development beyond surface-level error correction (Barrot, 2021; Calma et al., 2022). This quasi-experimental study examined whether AWE integration in a Business English writing course improved Indonesian undergraduates' perceived usefulness, ease of use, motivation, self-regulated learning (SRL), and writing self-efficacy (WSE), relative to conventional instructor feedback. Sixty undergraduate students were randomly assigned to an AWE group (n = 30) or a control group (n = 30). A validated 38-item Likert questionnaire and open-ended reflective prompts were administered post-intervention. Three key findings emerged: (1) AWE significantly enhanced perceived usefulness (d = 2.92) and ease of use (d = 2.74); (2) motivation, self-regulated learning, and writing self-efficacy increased substantially in the AWE group; and (3) students unanimously recommended a hybrid AWE–teacher feedback model to address AWE's limitations in higher-order writing development (Thi & Nikolov, 2022). These findings suggest that AWE integration holds considerable promise for Indonesian EFL Business English instruction, particularly when systematically complemented by expert human feedback.

English language learning in primary schools has an important role in forming the basis of foreign language skills for students, and early mastery of English is considered a worthwhile educational investment for the future. However, challenges in English learning at the primary school level are often related to low student motivation, conventional teaching methods, and limited teaching resources. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Tonglish application in English language learning in elementary schools. The app is designed to improve students’ English skills through interactive features such as vocabulary quizzes and learning videos. This research uses quantitative experimental method with a True Experimental Design, namely Pretest-Post-test Control Group Design. Two groups of students from grade 5 of SD Muhammadiyah Ambarketawang 2 were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group used the Tonglish app for two meetings, while the control group did not use the app. Data were collected through a pretest and post-test consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions on? The results showed that there was a significant difference between the English scores of students who studied using the Tonglish application compared to those who did not. The average score of students who used the Tonglish app was 84.40, while students who did not use the app were 51.40. What about the statistical result showing the significance of the implemented app?; Then there should be hypothesis testing? The use of the English app significantly improves elementary school students’ learning outcomes in English subject.

Indonesian fiction works of the 21st century often intertextualise with puppet stories and characters. Puppet stories and characters, used as sources and references, inspire the creation of modern Indonesian fiction. Puppet stories are canonic works originating from mainstream Mahabharata and Ramayana, thematically narrating the heroism of good characters in defeating evil characters. Reactualisation of puppet stories and characters in literature is a redefinition and contextualisation as a response to the chalenges of time. Analyses of the intertextuality between Indonesian fiction and puppet stories and characters show the following things. First, Indonesian fiction is seen as intensively intertextualising with puppet stories and characters. Many puppet characters that are actualised originate more from the mainstream Mahabharata than from the mainstream Ramayana. Characters with good traits are made protagonists and characters with evil traits are made antagonists. Second, Indonesian fiction uses the identities of puppet characters as name references. References of puppet character identities take the form of hypograms of names with characters, names without characters, and characters without names. The most intensive identity referencing of puppet characters in the form of hypogramming to continue convention is naming with characters. Third, Indonesian fiction uses puppet stories and characters as cultural references. Puppet hypograming is taken to function as cultural references, comparison purposes, means of children education, and reincarnation sources in the Hindu religion. Cultural referencing of puppets is more efficient and communicative as it is typological, following the mainstreams and exact.

This study used the systematic literature review to explore the role of motor skills training on critical reading skills in elementary school students. Data were obtained from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search focused on those published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. As a result, 17,400 articles were found. These articles were screened again in several stages. Some criteria were applied to determine whether the articles should be included or excluded. In addition, the study employed specific keywords, such as \"Role and Practice AND Motor Skills AND Critical Reading Ability AND Elementary School Students\". These stages then generated 20 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The key findings of this study confirmed that the development of gross and fine motor skills has a significant role in supporting the development of cognitive and academic abilities, especially in improving critical reading skills in elementary school students. This study revealed the positive relationship between motor skills and academic achievement, supported by stimulating physical environments and play-based learning approaches. This finding emphasizes the importance of integrating physical activity into the primary education curriculum. In addition, the findings highlighted the roles of support from various parties, including teachers, parents, and communities. Such supports are needed to ensure a conducive environment for developing students' motor and cognitive skills. Despite these findings, challenges such as lack of sports facilities, gender differences, and an unbalanced curriculum must be overcome to achieve optimal results. These findings imply the need for a holistic approach to education, emphasizing not only focuses on academics but also motor development to support critical reading skills for students' future academic success. Keywords: Role, Practice, Motor Skills, Critical Reading Ability, Elementary School Students

This study used the systematic literature review to explore the role of motor skills training on critical reading skills in elementary school students. Data were obtained from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search focused on those published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. As a result, 17,400 articles were found. These articles were screened again in several stages. Some criteria were applied to determine whether the articles should be included or excluded. In addition, the study employed specific keywords, such as \"Role and Practice AND Motor Skills AND Critical Reading Ability AND Elementary School Students\". These stages then generated 20 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The key findings of this study confirmed that the development of gross and fine motor skills has a significant role in supporting the development of cognitive and academic abilities, especially in improving critical reading skills in elementary school students. This study revealed the positive relationship between motor skills and academic achievement, supported by stimulating physical environments and play-based learning approaches. This finding emphasizes the importance of integrating physical activity into the primary education curriculum. In addition, the findings highlighted the roles of support from various parties, including teachers, parents, and communities. Such supports are needed to ensure a conducive environment for developing students' motor and cognitive skills. Despite these findings, challenges such as lack of sports facilities, gender differences, and an unbalanced curriculum must be overcome to achieve optimal results. These findings imply the need for a holistic approach to education, emphasizing not only focuses on academics but also motor development to support critical reading skills for students' future academic success. Este estudio utilizó la revisión sistemática de la literatura para revisar relacionados con el papel de la formación de habilidades motoras en las habilidades de lectura crítica en los estudiantes de primaria . Los datos se obtuvieron de artículos buscados a través de Google Scholar. La búsqueda se centró en los publicados en revistas indexadas en Scopus publicadas en 2019 - 2024. Las revistas se seleccionaron teniendo en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron; «Rol Y Práctica Y Habilidades Motrices Y Capacidad De Lectura Crítica Y Estudiantes De Primaria» . A partir de la búsqueda en el periodo 2019-2014, se encontraron 17.400 artículos. Además, se revisaron nuevamente en varias etapas y arrojaron 20 artículos que se ajustaban al tema y cumplían con los requisitos de inclusión. Durante la selección de artículos, este estudio siguió las directrices PRISMA. Los resultados de este estudio confirman que el desarrollo de las habilidades motrices, tanto gruesas como finas, tiene un papel significativo en el apoyo al desarrollo de las habilidades cognitivas y académicas, especialmente en la mejora de las habilidades de lectura crítica en los estudiantes de primaria. La relación positiva entre las habilidades motrices y el rendimiento académico, respaldada por entornos físicos estimulantes y enfoques de aprendizaje basados en el juego, subraya la importancia de integrar la actividad física en el currículo de la educación primaria. Además, se necesita el apoyo de diversas partes, incluidos los profesores, los padres y las comunidades, para garantizar un entorno propicio al desarrollo de las habilidades motoras y cognitivas de los alumnos. Sin embargo, hay que superar retos como la falta de instalaciones deportivas, las diferencias de género y un plan de estudios desequilibrado para lograr resultados óptimos. La consecuencia de estos resultados es la necesidad de un enfoque holístico y global de la educación que no sólo se centre en lo académico, sino que también integre el desarrollo motor para apoyar las habilidades críticas de lectura, que son esenciales para el futuro éxito académico de los estudiantes.

This study used the systematic literature review to explore the role of motor skills training on critical reading skills in elementary school students. Data were obtained from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search focused on those published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. As a result, 17,400 articles were found. These articles were screened again in several stages. Some criteria were applied to determine whether the articles should be included or excluded. In addition, the study employed specific

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical instruments that exploit living microbes as biocatalysts for the conversion of chemical energy stored in the bonds of substrates into electrical energy. Monitoring of current or voltage generation in microbial fuel cells at rigid time intervals is noteworthy. Unfortunately, bioelectrochemical studies are often constrained due to the need for expensive and precise devices for electrochemical measurements. Utilization of low-cost microcontroller as monitoring system can be a considerable solution, compared with data logger that is a high-cost device, or compared with commercial multimeter that have to be used manually in collecting data. In this present work, microbial fuel cells electricity generation was successfully online monitored and the voltage data was also successfully collected using an ESP32 based-data logger. Statistically, there was no significant difference between ESP32 and multimeter in voltage reading, and the average of absolute and relative error values were 0.85 mV and 2.72%, respectively. It suggested that ESP32 could be a possible and low-cost monitoring system for microbial fuel cells bioelectricity generation. Additionally, ADS1115 (an external analogue to digital converter interface to ESP32) has up to four analogue channels, whereas multimeter has just one. In this research, microbial fuel cell powered by isolate KCf1 generated highest voltage value of 789 mV and power density of 541 mW m −2 .

The effect of grain size on the mechanical properties and creep rupture of 253 microalloyed (MA) austenitic stainless steel (ASS) was investigated. The cold rolling process with a 53% reduction in thickness was applied to the steel followed by annealing at 1100 °C over 0, 900, 1800, and 3600 s to obtain grain sizes of 32.4, 34.88, 40.35, and 43.77 µm, respectively. Uniaxial tensile and micro-Vickers hardness tests were carried out to study the effect of grain size on mechanical properties at room temperature. The creep rupture test was performed at 700 °C under a load of 150 MPa. The results showed that there was a correlation between grain size, mechanical properties, and creep rupture time. The fine initial grain size showed relatively good mechanical properties with a short creep rupture time, while the coarse initial grain size produced low mechanical properties with a long creep rupture time. The initial grain size of 40.35 µm was the optimum grain size for a high value of creep rupture time due to the low hardness and elongation values at room temperature and low creep ductility value. The intergranular fracture was found on the initial grain size below 40.35 µm, and a mixed mode of intergranular and transgranular fracture was found on the initial grain size above 40.35 µm after the creep rupture test.

IntroductionA high burden of unintentional fatal drowning has been reported in low- and middle-income countries. However, little is known about unintentional drowning in Indonesia.MethodsThis population-based retrospective cohort study analysed unintentional drowning data for Indonesia sourced from The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimates of trends, mortality rates, incidence rates, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability adjusted life years were generated.ResultsA decline in unintentional drowning mortality rates was observed, with an average annual mortality rate of 2.58/100 000. Males were 1.81 (95% CI 1.79 to 1.84) times more likely than females to unintentionally drown. Average annual mortality rates were highest among the under-5 age group (9.67/100 000) and 70 and over (5.71/100 000 for males; 5.14/100 000 for females). Distributions of drowning deaths vary depending on region, with mortality rates higher in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara regions.DiscussionWhile a decline in drowning mortality rates in Indonesia was identified between 2005 and 2019, mortality rates for unintentional drowning remained high among children under 5 years, the elderly population and those residing in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara, warranting further focused attention.ConclusionA downward trend in the rate of unintentional drowning deaths in Indonesia is observed from 2005 onwards, with risk variation based on age, gender and region. The findings highlight the importance of addressing drowning as a cause of premature mortality and health system burden in Indonesia, including through enhancing drowning data collection systems and identifying drowning risk factors.