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AbstractIn this paper, the authors synthesize and study the phase formation of yttrium–iron garnet (YIG) using the supercritical antisolvent precipitation technique (SAS) at the initial stage for the first time. The effect of supercritical CO2 on the solution of acetates in the quasi-equilibrium state causes an abnormally high mobility of the structure’s elements. As a result, it becomes possible to form the equilibrium phase of the YIG solid product directly (without the appearance of transition oxides) at temperatures much lower than by solid-phase synthesis. The temperature decrease is due to a significant decrease in the activation energy of the solid solution.

Graphene oxide (GO) and composites based on it are often used to produce graphene-like materials by thermal or chemical reduction, and the reduction method strongly affects the properties of the materials. In this study, a new method was proposed to prepare a conductive composite based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) with an average diameter of 18 nm dispersed on its surface. The method consisted of treating a GO-based composite with Fe3O4 on the its surface in supercritical isopropanol. The composites based on GO and rGO and magnetite NPs were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the sample compact film of the rGO-based composite has specific surface resistivity is 22 Ω cm–2 and saturation magnetisation is 32.3 emu/g.

This study reports a new method for producing coatings based on a mixture of nickel-containing powder with graphite oxide using thermal spraying. Graphite oxide has been proven not to burn out during the spraying process, but it is deposited on the substrate surface together with NiAlMo powder particles, leading to the formation of a coating layer. The samples were studied using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM. The present method will improve the basic characteristics of nickel coatings for their using in the chemical, oil and gas and building industries.

2-Benzylidene-3-methyl-4-nitro-2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide reacted with acyclic CH acids (acetylacetone, diethyl malonate, and its derivatives) according to the 1,4-addition pattern, whereas reactions of the title compound with cyclohexane-1,3-dione and 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (dimedone) were complicated by subsequent intramolecular heterocyclization leading to thieno[3,2-b]chromene derivatives.

Interferon-α was detected in IFN pool produced by human leukocytes in the presence of γ-globulin fraction proteins, copper and zinc cations, and metal-modified γ-globulins. The cytokine appeared in culture medium at early terms (24 h) of incubation, is characterized by acid resistance, and is neutralized by antibodies to IFN-α. The content of IFN-α in supernatants of induced leukocytes reached 60-90 pg/ml and correlated with antiviral activity of the samples. Zinc bound to human serum γ-globulin attenuated and copper stimulated the realization of IFN-inducing characteristics of the protein at early terms of incubation.

Plasma γ-globulin fraction proteins, copper cations, and metal complexes formed by copper cations with human serum γ-globulin induce the production of up to 4.0 ng/ml IL-8 by human blood cells. Protein modified by copper cations is 1.3-1.7-fold ( p < 0.001-0.01) more potent than control γ-globulin and 1.3-fold ( p < 0.001) more potent than copper cations alone. Analysis of the time course of IL-8 production demonstrated that IL-8 is produced as a prolonged or delayed response cytokine under conditions of this induction.

Plasma γ-globulin fraction proteins, copper and zinc cations, and metal complexes of these cations and human serum γ-globulin induce the production of TNF-α by human blood cells. The protein modified by zinc cations is by 1.4-1.7 times more potent ( p <0.001-0.01) than control γ-globulin in inducing the production of TNF-α, while metal complex formed by γ-globulin and copper is by 1.9-2.2 times more potent that the control protein ( p <0.001). Under conditions of experimental induction, TNF-α is produced as a typical early response cytokine. During long-term incubation, copper cations lose the ability to induce TNF-α production, while in combination with γ-globulin these cations produce a synergistic effect with the control protein.

Plasma γ-globulin fraction proteins, copper and zinc cations, and metal complexes formed by them with human serum γ-globulin induce the production of early (24-h incubation) IL-1β by human blood cells. The protein modifi ed by Zn cations 1.2 times more actively ( p <0.01) induced early IL-1β than the control γ-globulin, while γ-globulin metal complex with copper was 1.4 times less active ( p <0.1) than the control protein. The regularities of induction changed over the course of 48-h incubation: zinc cations chelated by γ-globulin fraction protein reduced, while copper cations stimulated the realization of the protein induction potential in the metal complex.

Plasma γ-globulin fraction proteins, copper and zinc cations, and metal complexes they form with human serum γ-globulin induce the production of IFN-α by human blood cells throughout the periods of up to 72 h. Zinc cation-modified protein by 1.6 times ( p <0.05) more actively induces late IFN-α than the control γ-globulin; γ-globulin-copper metal complex is 2-fold ( p <0.002) more effective than the control protein. The results indicate that functional relationships between the components inducing the production of late IFN-α differ from the effects realized during the early period of induction.