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Thiamine (vitamin B1), a critical cofactor for carbohydrate metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis, plays an indispensable role in neuro-ophthalmic health. Deficiency of this crucial nutrient, while traditionally associated with a range of neuro-ophthalmic symptoms, can often lead to clinical presentations that are far from typical. In this case series, we delve into the unique experiences of three young men who developed uncommon neuro-ophthalmic manifestations due to thiamine deficiency following rapid weight loss due to strenuous exercises. Involvement of the optic nerve, presenting as either optic neuritis or papilledema, stands as an unusual revelation of thiamine deficiency; the insidious nature of imaging abnormalities, which require time to manifest, poses an additional diagnostic challenge. It is crucial to recognize that factors such as rapid weight loss and strenuous exercise can precipitate thiamine deficiency, potentially hastening the onset of its neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential to mitigate the risk of permanent neurologic deficits, emphasizing the imperative need for awareness and vigilance among healthcare practitioners. Through this series, we aim to augment the understanding of this under-recognized clinical entity.

Systematic reviews apply rigorous methodologies to address a pre-specified, clearly formulated clinical research question. The conclusion that results is often cited to more robustly inform decision-making by clinicians, third-party payers and managed care organizations about the clinical question of interest. While systematic reviews provide a rigorous standard, they may be unfeasible when the task is to create general disease-focused guidelines comprised of multiple clinical practice questions versus a single major clinical practice question. Collaborating transplantation and cellular therapy societal committees also recognize that the quantity and or quality of reference sources may be insufficient for a meaningful systematic review. As the conduct of systematic reviews has evolved over time in terms of grading systems, reporting requirements and use of technology, here we provide current guidance in methodologies, resources for reviewers, and approaches to overcome challenges in conducting systematic reviews in transplantation and cellular therapy.

The aiding tools for design started as early as art creation and have evolved over time since then. These tools played a very important role to mediate between theory and practice in design; It also aims to facilitate the artisan's work to create sophisticated art that usually conveys messages and meanings drawn from a specific culture. Tracking the evolution of the design aiding tools would help to establish a generic model that would facilitate tools development through a clear methodology. The Islamic geometric patterns are proper paradigm to use in reaching this development as it constitutes a mathematical challenge that needs aiding tools to simplify the process of producing such art. Several studies have been conducted in order to investigate the construction techniques of Islamic patterns; even though, those studies focused on the mathematical analysis of the patterns form rather than the applied construction techniques used by the artisans, which are believed to be varied according to cultural background. The Islamic geometric patterns found to have common features that make such pattern easily recognizable; even though, they have variations resulted from cultural background for each region. Therefore, the compensation is needed between commonality and variation in the same time. The cultural variation is the absent dimension in methods and tools used to create Geometric Islamic pattern. By integrating what is missing (culture dimension in our case) into the aiding tools and affords it to designers and artisans will help in creating significant art with specific identity.

There is no doubt that the problem of climate change has become imperative for all parties oа the international community to join forces to resolve this crisis. With the signing of the Paris Agreement and following many deliberations and negotiations, this agreement is a new phase in dealing with the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. With the participation of everyone, whether developed or developing countries, that opens the door to a new system of investment in the implementation of this commitment. Article 6 of the Paris Agreement is the cornerstone of this new type of emissions exchange between the parties. The old emissions trading system under the Kyoto Protocol has shown many advantages and disadvantages, which open the door to the need to find a new system that achieves the actual emission reduction target and opens the way for a new type of FDI. Although the features of the new system have not yet been formed, but many of the ideas and theses dealt with by many intellectuals and economists on how to develop an emissions trading system that achieves the goals of sustainable development. In this paper, a new vision will be taken to put Article 6 of the Paris Agreement into effect, in order to achieve the objective of the main agreement which is to reduce emissions without having a significant impact on development plans, especially in developing and poor countries, on the one hand, and the opportunity to attract foreign investment and capital flows towards more attention to the green economy.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies have been identified in central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disorders (MOG antibody disease), inclusive of optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The association of MOG antibodies with combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) is not clear. It has been reported in a few cases where MOG antibodies were detected in the serum of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. However, multifocal motor neuropathy with MOG antibodies is extremely rare. We present a patient who had clinical, neurophysiological, radiological, and biochemical findings that support the diagnosis of CCPD (multifocal motor neuropathy and cord lesion) with MOG antibodies. The patient was treated with a combination therapy of intravenous immunoglobulins plus high-dose methylprednisolone, which resulted in significant improvement.

The immune system serves as the body's primary defense mechanism against pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. When the immune system is compromised, the body becomes susceptible to infections. Immunodeficiency refers to a state where the immune system's ability to fight off these pathogens is impaired, leading to increased vulnerability to infections. This condition can arise from various causes, including genetic factors, diseases, medications, or environmental influences. Here, Eissa discusses about the types of immunodeficiency, the mechanisms and impact and the causes of immunodeficiency.

Background and objective The wheatgrass juice (WGJ) contains a high concentration of vitamin C. WGJ contains a lot of highly functional nutritive ingredients potent to unify the liver with the kidneys for detoxification of the organs and filtration of the blood to build a strong immune system. Also, it boosts fertility and increases sexual desire because of the high magnesium content in phytochemical pigment (chlorophyll) which boosts the production of the enzymes that restores sex steroids. Materials and methods The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups of 8 rats. The first group (G1) was fed on the standard normal diet. The same feeding was used also in the second group (G2) and third group (G3). But in the G2, a pharmaceutical formula (contain zinc and vitamin A) was used as a food supplement to increase fertility, and in the G3, wheatgrass juice of 11 mg/day was applied. Hunter L , a , and b values; glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents; pH; total soluble solids (TSS); acidity; concentration of vitamin C and vitamin B complex contents; and phenolic compounds of wheatgrass quality juice were measured. Results The juice samples showed L * value of 21.78 (as a lightness index), a * value of − 7.11 (as a redness index), b * values of 17.35 (as a yellowness index), pH (6.7), TSS (5°Bx), and acidity (0.00992%). In the same time, wheatgrass chlorophyll represents 70% of its total chemical constituents that is an antioxidant and rebuilds the bloodstream. In addition, it gives the juice its distinctive green color which is the major quality factor in juice products. The results amounted to normal values of vital organs such as the liver and kidney functions in all groups. The values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were 27.88 ± 2.10, 22.50 ± 4.93, and 23.25 ± 4.71 μ/ml in G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Meanwhile, also the results of sexual hormones indicated an elevation in testosterone hormone in G3 (2.90 ± 0.26 ng/ml) than the normal negative control (2.78 ± 0.23 ng/ml) and pharmaceutical formula positive control (2.04 ± 0.40 ng/ml). However, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased to 1.44 ± 0.28 IU/L and 1.45 ± 0.24 for G3 and G2, respectively, compared to 1.65 ± 0.23 IU/L in G1. Conclusion The findings proved that WGJ increased fertility and promoted youthfulness, and the wheatgrass (WG) has the potential to be used as a “functional herb” containing natural bioactive compounds.

Physico-chemical, pectinmethylesterase enzyme activity, color characteristics, viscosity, sugar profile (glucose, fructose and sucrose), mineral contents (K+, Na+, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn) and sensory evaluation of juice were evaluated. Inulin consumption had some hopeful health benefits such as increase absorption of calcium, stimulation of health benefit bacteria, like bifidobacteria and reduced caloric value because of the non-digestibility characteristics in the upper gastrointestinal-tract [4]. Potassium increases the excretion of Na, lowers rennin secretion, arteriolar vasodilatation, and lowers response to endogenous vasoconstrictor; while magnesium is a strong vasodilatation because it is lowering contractility of vascular smooth muscle. [...]health workers might need to promote the benefit of having cucumber juice to deal with hypertension in elderly with low price and affordable and without side effects [15]. Keeping in view, the present study was conducted to process and develop clarified cucumber juice fortified with inulin and chitosan. [...]the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inulin and chitosan on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of clarified cucumber juice that has been fortified with inulin 1, 2 and 5% and chitosan at 5 and 10%, respectively.

Results production of Batata juice by thermal and pasteurization methods indicated that the Total chlorophyll (Chl.A and Chl.B), total carotenoids, antioxidant activity-DPPH, total phenols and vitamin C were decreased in pasteurized Batata juice compared with fresh Batata juice. According to Koufman et al., (19) they can act as a remedy for acid reflux because of the complex carbohydrates, they contain which is thought to help soothe the stomach and prevent acid from traveling back up into the esophagus. Antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, vitamin C and sensory characteristics were studied. Bio-Active Constituents like: antioxidant activities, total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and vitamin C were studied.

Background: Although migraine is the second most prevalent form of headache, its preventive treatment has some contraindications and complications. It has been postulated that lacosamide reacts with collapsin response mediator protein 2 and prevents its phosphorylation, inhibiting calcitonin gene-related peptide release in the trigeminal system, which might have a role in migraine management. Objective: Our study aimed mainly to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lacosamide as an alternative medication to topiramate for the prevention of migraine, especially in patients who had contraindications to topiramate and other approved antiseizure medications used for migraine prevention. Design: Our study included two parallel groups: the lacosamide and the topiramate groups. Methods: We recruited episodic migraine patients between the ages of 18 and 65; the lacosamide group received lacosamide 50 mg once daily for 1 week, then twice daily from the 8th day till the 90th day); while the topiramate group received topiramate 50 mg once daily for 1 week, then 50 mg twice daily from the 8th day till the 90th day. Results: There was not a statistically significant difference between the lacosamide and topiramate in the absolute change in monthly migraine days (MMD) at 90 days with p-value 0.34, there was no significant difference between lacosamide and topiramate groups regarding the percentage of patients with ⩾50% reduction in the baseline migraine days frequency in the last 4 weeks of the treatment period with a p-value 0.11. In total, 14.0 (4.7%) patients in the lacosamide group and 24.0 (8.0%) in the topiramate group stopped treatment prematurely due to intolerance to drug-related adverse effects, hazard ratio 2.83, 95% confidence interval (1.34–4.72), p-value 0.03. Conclusion: In episodic migraine patients, the regular use of lacosamide 50 mg Bid for 3 months yielded reductions in the MMD, migraine days that required acute medications, and Headache Impact Test-6 score comparable to those achieved using topiramate 50 mg Bid. Lacosamide was more tolerable than topiramate in episodic migraine patients. Trial registration: Prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06243692—January 29, 2024; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06243692. Plain language summary Lacosamide versus topiramate in migraine It has been postulated that lacosamide reacts with CRMP-2 and prevents its phosphorylation, inhibiting CGRP release in the trigeminal system, which might have a role in migraine management; our study aimed mainly to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lacosamide as an alternative medication to topiramate for prevention of migraine, especially in patients who had contraindications to topiramate and other approved antiseizure medications used for migraine prevention. We recruited migraine patients between the ages of 18 and 65; the study was double-blinded randomized trial and had two groups: lacosamide group who received lacosamide 50mg once daily for one week, then twice daily from 8th day till 90th day); topiramate group who received topiramate 50 mg once daily for one week then 50 mg twice daily from 8th day till 90th day. We concluded that, in episodic migraine patients, the regular use of lacosamide 50mg Bid for three months yielded reductions in the monthly migraine days, migraine days that required acute medications, and HIT6 score comparable to those achieved using topiramate 50 mg Bid. Lacosamide was more tolerable than topiramate in episodic migraine patients.