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In this study, by using the texts describing the hazards and precautions taken during text mining, the necessary processes were carried out to first estimate the probability value and severity value of the risk and then calculate the risk values by Natural Language Processing analysis. In order to be used within the scope of the study, two data sets were generated from the data in the risk assessment report prepared by applying the L-type matrix risk assessment in marble quarries between 2015 and 2021. Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) was used for classification and prediction by analyzing text data. One data set was used to analyze the probability value of the risk and the other was used to analyze the severity value of the risk. In light of the results, when a text containing hazard and precaution information was entered, a system was developed that analyzed this text, estimated the probability and severity values, and calculated the risk assessment score. The application of the SGD algorithm to learning models developed on text data yielded an accuracy rate of 91.2% in the risk probability data set and 97.5% in the risk severity data set. The results indicated that the models were capable of conducting automatic risk assessment on text data and of effectively predicting the requisite probability and severity values. Due to the high accuracy rates obtained during the study, this risk assessment software was recommended for use in marble quarries.

In this study, the usability of the mixtures consisting of lignite coal taken from Tekirdag region and marble and travertine wastes taken from the marble factory in Gumushane region in local bean (Kelkit) cultivation was researched. First, control samples were created using only humus soil without coal, marble, or travertine dust. Then, for each coal or coal waste, coal/coal waste—waste marble dust and coal/coal waste—travertine dust mixtures were formed. These mixtures were obtained by mixing 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by weight of coal and 25%, 50%, and 75% by weight of marble and travertine dust. Afterwards, local beans were planted in these mixtures and their development was followed under laboratory conditions. Additionally, temperature and humidity values were recorded at certain intervals, pH and heavy metal analysis measurements were made on the mixtures before and after bean planting, the height and leaf measurement of the beans grown and the number of beans grown in these beans were also followed, and chlorophyll analysis was performed on the bean plants grown in these mixtures. As a result, 50% Coal-3D + 50% Travertine mixture had the maximum length increase, that 25% Coal Waste (Powder)-K3 + 75% Marble mixture had the highest number of beans, and that 50% Coal Waste -AK + 50% Marble mixture had the maximum leaf formation. In these mixtures, maximum 12 beans were grown and maximum 93 leaves were formed. Also, the bean plant was grown in all mixtures. The chlorophyll contents were at least as much as the values of the beans grown only in soil. However, heavy metal values do not exceed the permissible limit values in soil.

We investigated the impact of incisional hernia (IH) on quality of life and body image. Open abdominal surgery patients were included in a prospective cohort study performed between 2007 and 2009 in an academic hospital. Main outcomes were incidence of IH after approximately 12 months and Short-Form 36 and body image questionnaire results. There were 374 patients who were examined after a median follow-up period of 16 months (range, 10–24 mo). Seventy-five patients had developed IH (20%); 63 (84%) were symptomatic. Adjusted for age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score, patients with IH reported significantly lower mean scores for components physical functioning (P = .033), role physical (P = .002), and physical component summary (P = .010). A trend toward significance was found for general health (P = .061). Patients with IH reported significantly lower mean cosmetic scores (P = .002), and body image and total body image scores (both P < .001). Patients with IH reported lower mean scores on physical components of health-related quality of life and body image.

Incisional hernia is a frequent long-term complication after abdominal surgery, with a prevalence greater than 30% in high-risk groups. The aim of the PRIMA trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of mesh reinforcement in high-risk patients, to prevent incisional hernia. We did a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial at 11 hospitals in Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands. We included patients aged 18 years or older who were undergoing elective midline laparotomy and had either an abdominal aortic aneurysm or a body-mass index (BMI) of 27 kg/m2 or higher. We randomly assigned participants using a computer-generated randomisation sequence to one of three treatment groups: primary suture; onlay mesh reinforcement; or sublay mesh reinforcement. The primary endpoint was incidence of incisional hernia during 2 years of follow-up, analysed by intention to treat. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00761475. Between March, 2009, and December, 2012, 498 patients were enrolled to the study, of whom 18 were excluded before randomisation. Therefore, we included 480 patients in the primary analysis: 107 were assigned primary suture only, 188 were allocated onlay mesh reinforcement, and 185 were assigned sublay mesh reinforcement. 92 patients were identified with an incisional hernia, 33 (30%) who were allocated primary suture only, 25 (13%) who were assigned onlay mesh reinforcement, and 34 (18%) who were assigned sublay mesh reinforcement (onlay mesh reinforcement vs primary suture, OR 0·37, 95% CI 0·20–0·69; p=0·0016; sublay mesh reinforcement vs primary suture, 0·55, 0·30–1·00; p=0·05). Seromas were more frequent in patients allocated onlay mesh reinforcement (34 of 188) than in those assigned primary suture (five of 107; p=0·002) or sublay mesh reinforcement (13 of 185; p=0·002). The incidence of wound infection did not differ between treatment groups (14 of 107 primary suture; 25 of 188 onlay mesh reinforcement; and 19 of 185 sublay mesh reinforcement). A significant reduction in incidence of incisional hernia was achieved with onlay mesh reinforcement compared with sublay mesh reinforcement and primary suture only. Onlay mesh reinforcement has the potential to become the standard treatment for high-risk patients undergoing midline laparotomy. Baxter; B Braun Surgical SA.

Both mesh and suture repair are used for the treatment of umbilical hernias, but for smaller umbilical hernias (diameter 1–4 cm) there is little evidence whether mesh repair would be beneficial. In this study we aimed to investigate whether use of a mesh was better in reducing recurrence compared with suture repair for smaller umbilical hernias. We did a randomised, double-blind, controlled multicentre trial in 12 hospitals (nine in the Netherlands, two in Germany, and one in Italy). Eligible participants were adults aged at least 18 years with a primary umbilical hernia of diameter 1–4 cm, and were randomly assigned (1:1) intraoperatively to either suture repair or mesh repair. In the first 3 years of the inclusion period, blocked randomisation (of non-specified size) was achieved by an envelope randomisation system; after this time computer-generated randomisation was introduced. Patients, investigators, and analysts were masked to the allocated treatment, and participants were stratified by hernia size (1–2 cm and >2–4 cm). At study initiation, all surgeons were invited to training sessions to ensure they used the same standardised techniques for suture repair or mesh repair. Patients underwent physical examinations at 2 weeks, and 3, 12, and 24–30 months after the operation. The primary outcome was the rate of recurrences of the umbilical hernia after 24 months assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population by physical examination and, in case of any doubt, abdominal ultrasound. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00789230. Between June 21, 2006, and April 16, 2014, we randomly assigned 300 patients, 150 to mesh repair and 150 to suture repair. The median follow-up was 25·1 months (IQR 15·5–33·4). After a maximum follow-up of 30 months, there were fewer recurrences in the mesh group than in the suture group (six [4%] in 146 patients vs 17 [12%] in 138 patients; 2-year actuarial estimates of recurrence 3·6% [95% CI 1·4–9·4] vs 11·4% (6·8–18·9); p=0·01, hazard ratio 0·31, 95% CI 0·12–0·80, corresponding to a number needed to treat of 12·8). The most common postoperative complications were seroma (one [<1%] in the suture group vs five [3%] in the mesh group), haematoma (two [1%] vs three [2%]), and wound infection (one [<1%] vs three [2%]). There were no anaesthetic complications or postoperative deaths. This is the first study showing high level evidence for mesh repair in patients with small hernias of diameter 1–4 cm. Hence we suggest mesh repair should be used for operations on all patients with an umbilical hernia of this size. Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

As mechanical characteristics are one of the most important indexes that represent the backfill effect of CPB, curing stress is less considered, thus, establishing a damage constitutive model under the effect of curing stress has great significance for the stability of CPB. Firstly, a multifield coupling curing experiment was developed, and a uniaxial pressure testing experiment was used to test the mechanical parameters. Then, the evolution rule of mechanical characteristics of CPB, considering the effect of curing stress, was analyzed. Secondly, combined with elastic mechanics and damage mechanics theory, a damage constitutive model of CPB was explored. Thirdly, based on the laboratory results, an established damage constitutive model was verified. The results indicate that uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the CPB was significantly improved because of increasing curing stress and was also influenced by curing age. It was also shown that there existed four stages for the stress-strain curve of the CPB specimens. Moreover, the stress-strain curves of the model and the experiment’s results were the same. There were also good validity and rationality for the established two-stage damage constitutive model, which can provide a good reference for engineering applications of CPB.

According to the WHO, health problems in Somalia are reported to be at an alarming level today and in the future. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between healthy lifestyle behaviours and the levels of health literacy of university students receiving health sciences education in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2024 in a university delivering education in Turkish in Mogadishu. The study sample comprised 219 health sciences students. The data collection tools used were a demographic data form, the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale II (HLBS-II) and the Turkish version of the European Health Literacy Scale (HLS-EU-TR). Results: A total of 219 students participated, with 86.3% identifying as female and 13.7% as male, and the average age was 20.91 ± 2.2 years. The mean of the total scores obtained for the HLBS II was found to be 127.54 ± 23.46 and the mean of the total scores obtained for HLS-EU-TR was 30.33 ± 8.17, while scores across all dimensions of the HLS-EU-TR indicated a problematic−borderline level. Analysis showed that with each advancing year of study, there was a statistically significant increase in health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition and total HLBS scores (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between healthy lifestyle behaviours and HLS-EU-TR total scores, with correlation coefficients as follows: r = 0.230, p = 0.001; r = 0.215, p = 0.001; r = 0.193, p = 0.004; r = 0.308, p < 0.001; r = 0.247, p < 0.001; r = 0.284, p < 0.001; r = 0.313, p < 0.001. Furthermore, 13.1% of the change in healthy lifestyle behaviours was explained by the HLS-EU-TR Treatment and Services subdimension and grade level (R2 = 0.131). The HLS-EU-TR Treatment and Services subdimension and grade level positively contributed to the level of healthy lifestyle behaviours (ß = 0.373; ß = 0.164). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the identification of a positive correlation between health literacy and healthy lifestyle behaviours indicates that health literacy significantly influences healthy lifestyle choices. This correlation suggests that as students progress through their educational journey, their knowledge and behaviours toward health improve, highlighting that increased educational attainment equips individuals with the skills necessary to engage more effectively in the healthcare system and to translate acquired knowledge into behaviour. These findings underscore the critical role of ongoing health education initiated from an early age.

BackgroundGroin hernia management has a significant worldwide diversity with multiple surgical techniques and variable outcomes. The International guidelines for groin hernia management serve to help in groin hernia management, but the acceptance among general surgeons remains unknown. The aim of our study was to gauge the degree of agreement with the guidelines among health care professionals worldwide.MethodsForty-six key statements and recommendations of the International guidelines for groin hernia management were selected and presented at plenary consensus conferences at four international congresses in Europe, the America’s and Asia. Participants could cast their votes through live voting. Additionally, a web survey was sent out to all society members allowing online voting after each congress. Consensus was defined as > 70% agreement among all participants.ResultsIn total 822 surgeons cast their vote on the key statements and recommendations during the four plenary consensus meetings or via the web survey. Consensus was reached on 34 out of 39 (87%) recommendations, and on six out of seven (86%) statements. No consensus was reached on the use of light versus heavy-weight meshes (69%), superior cost-effectiveness of day-case laparo-endoscopic repair (69%), omitting prophylactic antibiotics in hernia repair, general or local versus regional anesthesia in elderly patients (55%) and re-operation in case of immediate postoperative pain (59%).ConclusionGlobally, there is 87% consensus regarding the diagnosis and management of groin hernias. This provides a solid basis for standardizing the care path of patients with groin hernias.

Unequivocal international guidelines regarding the diagnosis and management of patients with acute appendicitis are lacking. The aim of the consensus meeting 2015 of the EAES was to generate a European guideline based on best available evidence and expert opinions of a panel of EAES members. After a systematic review of the literature by an international group of surgical research fellows, an expert panel with extensive clinical experience in the management of appendicitis discussed statements and recommendations. Statements and recommendations with more than 70 % agreement by the experts were selected for a web survey and the consensus meeting of the EAES in Bucharest in June 2015. EAES members and attendees at the EAES meeting in Bucharest could vote on these statements and recommendations. In the case of more than 70 % agreement, the statement or recommendation was defined as supported by the scientific community. Results from both the web survey and the consensus meeting in Bucharest are presented as percentages. In total, 46 statements and recommendations were selected for the web survey and consensus meeting. More than 232 members and attendees voted on them. In 41 of 46 statements and recommendations, more than 70 % agreement was reached. All 46 statements and recommendations are presented in this paper. They comprise topics regarding the diagnostic work-up, treatment indications, procedural aspects and post-operative care. The consensus meeting produced 46 statements and recommendations on the diagnostic work-up and management of appendicitis. The majority of the EAES members supported these statements. These consensus proceedings provide additional guidance to surgeons and surgical residents providing care to patients with appendicitis.

Aim: This study aimed to determine whether there were differences in attitude, awareness, and intention to perform female genital mutilation or cutting for their daughters in the future between female healthcare providers and mothers. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study design was used. Results: A total of 508 women were included in the study. Of the participants, 68.7% (n = 349) were mothers (Group I) who visited the hospital and 31.3% (n = 159) were women healthcare professionals (Group II) [27% (n = 137) nurses and 4.3% (n = 22) doctors]. It was found that 8 (1.6%) of the participants did not have FGM/C and the FGM/C ratio was lower in group II (95%) than in group I (100%) (p < 0.001). In group I, 99.7% (n = 299) of the participants and 30.6% (n = 19) of those in group II reported intending to perform FGM for their daughters in the future (p < 0.001). The reasons for FGM/C most cited by participants were a traditional rite of passage into womanhood (78%), religious requirement (69.3%), and preservation of their virginity until marriage (59.3%). \"Stop FGM\" was given as a message on FGM/C by 60% of the participants (n = 79) who answered (n = 127, 100%) to open- ended questions. Conclusion: The results of this study show that female health professionals with higher education and monthly income had less positive perception of their FGM/C and less intention to allow their daughters to undergo FGM/C. Keywords: female genital mutilation, mothers, nurse, doctor, attitude, intention