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This paper presents a new contribution of the nonlinear control technique of electrical energy in a wind energy system. The nonlinear sliding mode technique used to control the powers of the DFIG-Generator is connected to the power grid by two converters (grid side and machine side). The proposed model is validated using tracking and robustness tests with a real wind speed. The control was developed under Matlab/Simulink, and the FPGA in the Loop technique was used to design the DFIG model. By employing a co-simulation, the purpose is to test the controller for the FPGA simulated model or system in its entirety. The results obtained by the cο-simulation show the efficiency of the proposed model in terms of speed and robustness with a rate THD = 0.95, and the proposed model of the sliding mode controller shows a significant improvement in the quality of energy produced by the wind system.

There has always been a high expectation that wind generation systems would capture maximum power and integrate properly with the grid. Utilizing a wind generation system with increased management to meet the growing electricity demand is a clever way of accomplishing this. However, wind power generation systems require a sophisticated, unique, and dependable control mechanism in order to achieve stability and efficiency. To improve the operation of the wind energy conversion method, researchers are continually addressing the obstacles that presently exist. Therefore, it is necessary to know which control can improve the whole system’s performance and ensure its successful integration into the network, despite the variable conductions. This article examines wind turbine control system techniques and controller trends related to the permanent magnet synchronous generator. It presents an overview of the most popular control strategies that have been used to control the PMSG wind power conversion system. Among others, we mention nonlinear sliding mode, direct power, backstepping and predictive currents control. First, a description of each control is presented, followed by a simulation performed in the Matlab/Simulink environment to evaluate the performance of each control in terms of reference tracking, response time, stability and the quality of the signal delivered to the network under variable wind conditions. Finally, to get a clear idea of the effect of each control, this work was concluded with a comparative study of the four controls.

For many academics, it has proven difficult to operate a wind energy conversion system (WECS) under changeable wind speed while also enhancing the quality of the electricity delivered to the grid. In order to increase the effectiveness and performance of the DFIG-based Wind Energy Conversion System, this research suggests an updated model predictive control technique. This study intends to regulate the generator in two ways: first, to follow the reference wind speed with high precision using the rotor side and grid side converters; second, to reduce system error. The suggested approach optimizes a value function with current magnitude errors based on the discrete mathematical model to forecast the converter’s switching state. In this system, the converter switching states are used directly as control inputs. Thus, the converter may be immediately subjected to improved control action. The key advantage of the suggested strategy over current FCS-MPC methods is error reduction. The originality of this research is in the proposal of a cost function that allows for both successful results and computation time minimization. To achieve this, the system is first presented, followed by a description of the predictive control, and then this method is applied to the rotor side control and grid side control. To demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of the suggested technique, a random wind profile was used to examine the system’s performance with a unitary power factor. This was done in order to compare the results with other controls that have been reported in the literature. The simulation results, which were conducted using a 1.5 kW DFIG in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, demonstrate that the FCS-MPC technique is highly effective in terms of speed, accuracy, stability, and output current ripple.

hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major problem that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Although the prevalence of this disease is high in the T2DM population, the risk factors for it remain understudied. The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors combined with hypertension in Moroccan patients with T2DM. this cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2017 and July 2018 in primary healthcare centers. A total of 503 T2DM patients were included. Inclusion criteria: adults (≥18 years) with T2DM for ≥1 year. Exclusion criteria: type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, cognitive impairment, or missing data. Data on demographics, clinical history, and biochemical markers were analyzed using SPSS. Logistic regression identified independent risk factors, reported as adjusted OR with 95% CI. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. a total of 503 patients with T2DM were included (71% female, 29% male), with a mean age of 58.4 ± 10.2 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 70.2%. Patients with hypertension were significantly older (mean age: 61.2 ± 9.8 years vs. 52.6 ± 10.5 years, p ≤ 0.001). The most common cardiovascular risk factors were dyslipidemia (54.1%), obesity (mean BMI: 30.8 ± 5.6 kg/m ), and a sedentary lifestyle (50.6%). Multivariable logistic regression identified older age (OR: 4.74, 95% CI: 2.47-9.10; p ≤ 0.001), longer diabetes duration (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.14-4.53; p = 0.018), BMI levels (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.10; p = 0.019), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.28-3.33; p = 0.003), and therapeutic modifications (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.11-3.53; p = 0.020) as significant risk factors. in this study, we found that hypertension is highly prevalent among patients with T2DM. Our findings indicate that older age, longer diabetes duration, therapeutic modifications, dyslipidemia, and higher BMI levels are significant risk factors for diabetes.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility and reduced bone mass. This retrospective study analyzed 42 cases of OI treated at the pediatric traumatology and orthopedics department over a 13-year period. The study aimed to examine the clinical and radiological aspects associated with osteosynthesis, particularly telescopic nailing, in these patients. Patients were grouped by treatment type, and outcomes, including fracture frequency, deformity recurrence, need for reintervention, and functional status, were compared. Results showed that telescopic nailing significantly reduced the number of fractures, deformities, and reinterventions compared to traditional rodding techniques. The study concludes that telescopic nails are beneficial in preventing deformities and fractures while allowing normal growth, making them the preferred method for managing patients with OI.

Background Solitary sphenoid sinus pathology is uncommon. The deep position of the sphenoid sinus makes symptoms related to solitary sphenoid sinus pathology non-specific and contributes to a significant diagnosis delay. Moreover, surrounding anatomical elements cause its pathology to be potentially serious and make surgical management challenging. Methods This retrospective study includes 7 cases presented with primary benign sphenoid sinus pathology managed between January 2019 and January 2022. Epidemiological features, clinical aspects, and treatment modalities are presented. Results Six female patients and one male patient were operated; their age ranges from 11 to 67 years old. Etiologies are divided into infection, tumors, and pseudo tumors. Sphenoid sinus approach was performed through the sphenoethmoid recess in 5 cases, through the septum in one patient and through the ethmoid in one patient. Conclusion Endoscopic procedures have significantly improved the management of the sphenoid sinus pathology. They offer good access and control of the sphenoid pathology but require a perfect mastery of radiologic and endoscopic anatomy and its variations.

Caregivers in radiation oncology are exposed to a high risk of burnout which sometimes causes serious consequences for their health, which can in turn affect patient care. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of burnout and its psychological impact on health professionals and determined the factors that predispose to the risk of burnout. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with descriptive and analytical purposes among the different teams within the oncology and radiotherapy departments in different hospitals (CHU and regional hospitals) in Morocco, through an online self-questionnaire composed of sociodemographic data, professional data, working conditions, an assessment of interfering factors, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. One hundred and eighteen caregivers participated in this evaluation. 62.7% were physicians, 75.4% worked in university hospitals and 53.4% were in radiotherapy departments. Analysis of the three dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) score found high scores in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion (81.4%) and depersonalisation (79.7%), and low scores in decreased personal accomplishment (46.6%). The evaluation of the impacts of burnout in the latter found a mean of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) at 12.45 + 7.84 and the mean of the GAD-7 at 9.73 + 5.98. Our results are in line with those found in the literature, hence the need for screening and active prevention of burnout among radiation oncology caregivers.

Schwannomas of the descending loop of the hypoglossal nerve are very rare. Existing literature of the schwannoma of the descending loop of the hypoglossal nerve is limited to two previously reported case. They are slow-growing tumors that may masquerade a carotid body tumor. We herein described a rare case of schwannoma of the descending loop of the hypoglossal nerve in the s right latero-cervical region with diagnostic imaging and histopathological findings. A 37-years-old woman has had a palpable firm, mobile mass in the right latero-cervical region, of imaging, MR images showed homogeneous hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging (T1-WI), heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2-WI, and heterogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-WI. Diagnostic imaging using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was suspected of Chemodectoma or neurogenic tumor. At operation, a 4 cm mass arising from the descending loop of the hypoglossal nerve of was resected en bloc with the loop itself; Final diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of histopathological finding and intraoperative findings. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient is free from disease recurrence at tree-year follow-up. En bloc resection remains the real curative treatment of Schwannomas, ensuring unlimited freedom from disease, although causing functional impairment which may be significant. Nonetheless recurrence should be prevented as, besides requiring reintervention, it may harbor a malignant evolution towards sarcoma. Schwannomas of the descending loop of the hypoglossal nerve may masquerade a chemodectoma of the carotid bifurcation and can be curatively resected without any functional impairment. This case confirmed the differential diagnosis on the basis of the intraoperative finding that the tumor was continuous with the hypoglossal nerve.

This study investigates the impact of phosphate content on the mechanical strength of polyester composites, specifically those reinforced with randomly distributed short glass phosphate fibers. A comprehensive suite of controlled experiments was undertaken to evaluate the tensile and flexural characteristics of these composites, varying the concentration of phosphate glass fibers within the matrix. This rigorous exploration of mechanical properties has yielded invaluable insights into material behavior. Subsequently, we applied a computer-based finite element analysis simulation approach to elucidate material behavior at a finer scale. Our primary objective was to develop a computational model capable of accurately predicting the response of these composites under uniaxial stretching. Furthermore, we assessed the effectiveness of a specialized simulation technique on phosphate glass fibers, revealing the profound influence of factors such as element arrangement and the size of the analysis area on simulation outcomes. These analyses are grounded in fundamental materials science principles, and our results robustly affirm the close correspondence between our computer model predictions and empirical experimental findings. Graphical abstract