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This study investigates the complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and structural factors that influence two key parameters: the density of Phytophthora spp. propagules per gram of dry soil (NPSS) and the number of colonies (NC). Using advanced statistical approaches, we examined the combined effects of variables such as soil moisture, dry weight, temporal fluctuations, and rootstocks. The results show a significant linear relationship between NPSS and soil moisture, as well as a strong positive correlation between NPSS and NC. Genetic analyses reveal a predominant contribution of environmental factors to trait variability, with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and low broad-sense heritability. Mixed models highlight the synergistic impact of soil moisture, NC, and dry soil weight on NPSS, as well as significant temporal effects. Mediation analysis confirms that soil moisture influences NPSS primarily through an indirect effect transmitted by NC, with a mediated proportion exceeding 94%. Finally, multivariate analysis reveals significant differences between rootstocks, with Citrus Volkameriana B2 28613 (R4) and Mandarin Sunki x P.T. B2 38581 (R7) standing out as the most performant. These results highlight the importance of an integrated management of environmental variables and rootstocks to optimize soil productivity and agronomic quality. The implications of this study provide a solid foundation for guiding genetic improvement and soil management strategies, balancing environmental constraints and the opportunities offered by targeted genetic selection.

The Present CubeSat project success rate may deter nonprofit organizations from beginning new projects, especially for first-time creators. However, since the electronic components of a CubeSat are intended to be very power-efficient and tightly placed, its size and electrical characteristics provide a more difficult limitation. The CubeSat antennas are key parts that will need to be carefully designed since they need to be tiny, light, and deployable for bigger antennas. This study provides an extensive overview of the key characteristics of metasurface-based antennas with an emphasis on their effectiveness in CubeSat communication systems. This research work initially introduces metasurface antennas and examines how well-suited they are geometrically for Various frequency bands for CubeSat spacecraft. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of these metasurface antennas' radiating capabilities is conducted in accordance with the CubeSat configuration, links, and Orbits. Additionally, over thirty X-band metasurface-based antennas are fully evaluated in terms of their suitability for CubeSats. The use of specifically designed metasurfaces has resulted in a notable increase in CubeSat antenna performance. This paper offers an emerging approach for researchers to advance the usage of metasurface-based antennas in CubeSat missions such as UMS5-Ribat and UMS-EOSAT CubeSats of University Mohammed V in Rabat.

This study explores the optimization of Crystal Violet (CV) dye removal from aqueous solutions using Quercus ilex acorn waste (AW), a natural and low-cost adsorbent. The Box–Behnken Design (BBD), a response surface methodology (RSM) approach, was employed to assess the effects of three primary operational variables: adsorbent mass, initial CV concentration, and temperature. The main objective was to maximize removal efficiency while minimizing operational costs. Seventeen experiments were conducted, and the results were modeled using a second-order polynomial equation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the statistical significance of the model ( p < 0.0001), with a high coefficient of determination ( R 2 = 0.99), demonstrating strong predictive capability. Adsorbent mass and initial dye concentration positively influenced removal efficiency, whereas temperature had a negative influence. The optimal conditions for maximum removal were an initial CV concentration of 100 mg/L, an adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/L, and a pH of 10. This study highlights the potential of AW as an effective and sustainable adsorbent for textile dye remediation and demonstrates the value of BBD in optimizing adsorption processes for environmental applications.

The contamination of aquatic environments by synthetic dyes poses a major environmental issue due to their toxicity, persistence, and harmful effects on ecosystems. This study investigates the use of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions. SCB was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effects of operational parameters such as contact time, biosorbent dosage, pH, and temperature were examined. Under optimal conditions 40 minutes of contact, 2 g/L SCB dosage, room temperature, and pH 10 a maximum removal efficiency of 95% was achieved. Isotherm and kinetic studies indicated a multilayer adsorption process dominated by physisorption, with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model providing the best fit to the experimental data. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Post-adsorption FT-IR spectra revealed the involvement of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and ion exchange in the adsorption mechanism. These findings demonstrate the potential of sugarcane bagasse as an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of synthetic dyes from contaminated water, offering a promising solution for wastewater treatment in a cost-effective manner.

Sesame oil is frequently targeted for adulteration by blending it with lower-cost oils, compromising its quality and authenticity. This study investigates the efficiency of isotopic analysis (δ13C) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in detecting adulteration in Moroccan and Egyptian sesame oils. The δ13C values of pure sesame oils varied based on their geographical origin, with Moroccan and Egyptian oils exhibiting values of -28.92‰ and -29.14‰, respectively. Adulteration with paraffin and table oils led to notable isotopic shifts proportional to the blending ratios. Specifically, pure paraffin oil displayed a δ13C value of -27.32‰, while table oil presented a value of -38.99‰. Mixtures with soybean oil revealed significant decreases in δ13C values, whereas mixtures with corn oil demonstrated a positive correlation between blending ratios and δ13C values.The combination of isotopic analysis and FTIR spectroscopy proved highly effective for identifying adulterated blends, offering a robust tool for detecting food fraud. When integrated into routine quality control procedures, these techniques can reliably ensure the authenticity and quality of sesame oils, protect consumer rights, and reinforce trust in the edible oil market.  

Belonging to the Pinaceae family Abies marocana is a native tree from calcareous mountains of Jebala in northern Morocco. This endemic species is distributed over Mont Tazaout and Talassemtane in the province of Chefchaouen. The present study explores for the first time the phytochemical composition, physicochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC) and molecular docking simulations to evaluate antioxidant activity of Mont Tazaout Abies marocana essential oil (AMEO). AMEO was extracted using steam distillation, with a yield of 0.24%. A total of 49 compounds were identified using gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (88.55%) being the dominant class, and the main components of the tested oil were limonene (38.46%), α- Pinene (21.16%), β -Pinene (12.92%) and camphene (11.23%). Physicochemical properties of AMEO were determined, including density (0.888 ± 0.020) g/cm 3 , refractive index (1.470 ± 0.010), and optical rotation (-40.52 ± 0.04)˚. Furthermore, the total phenolic content (TPC) of the essential oil was found to be (5.07 ± 0.49) mg GAE/g EO. AMEO shows an IC 50 = (136.28 ± 7.8) mg/mL and IC 50 = (1.47 ± 0.04) mg/mL in the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. Molecular docking used to investigate the mechanism of interaction between the constituents of AMEO and target proteins associated with antioxidant activity. After analyzing the docking results related to the docking of the seven studied compounds ( S -limonene, R -limonene, camphene, (+)- α -pinene, (-)- α -pinene, (+)- β -pinene and (-)- β -pinene), compounds R -limonene and S -limonene emerged as the most promising antioxidants. This is due to their favorable binding profiles with both NAD(P)H oxidase and nitric oxide synthase targets. These findings highlight the potential bioactive properties of AMEO, suggesting its relevance for further exploration in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and medicinal food reformulation.

PurposeThe practice of consanguinity has been culturally preferred in most Arab countries, including Morocco. This behavior leads to an increase in genetic abnormalities, such as hypertension and diabetes. This paper examines the prevalence and determinants of first-cousin marriages and their impact on diabetes among offspring.Design/methodology/approachData on 882 couples were collected through face-to-face interview via a pre-established questionnaire based on the variables selected within the objectives of this study. The authors used the multiple logistic regression modeling procedure in this study.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that the prevalence of first-cousin marriages were 15% among students’ parents. From the multiple logistic regression modeling, the authors found a significant effect of paternal and maternal grandparents’ first-cousins marriage on that of parents (aOR = 3.27 and aOR = 3.36, respectively). However, an 11-fold higher risk of first relative marriages among parents once the paternal and maternal grandparents were first-cousins and the father was illiterate (aOR = 11.01). Moreover, the authors reported a diabetes risk of more than 14 times when the effects of first-cousin maternal grandparents and parents and the hypertension among mother or her sibling were combined (aOR = 14.48) or when the effects of first-cousins maternal grandparents, first-cousin parents and mother’s age at marriage between 21 and 29 years were combined (aOR = 14.56).Originality/valueFirst-cousin marriage depends on the father’s illiteracy and the consanguinity of grandparents’ factors. The cumulative effect of first-cousin marriage among grandparents, parents and a family history of hypertension among mother or her sibling increase the risk of diabetes among these mothers.

Groundwater is the primary water source for agricultural development in Souk El Arbaa. It supports various uses, especially irrigation in the Gharb region of Morocco. This study evaluates the suitability of groundwater for irrigation in the Souk El Arbaa region, Morocco, using key water quality indices, including salinity (EC), sodium (Na %, SAR, PI, KR, RSC, RSBC), magnesium, and chloride hazards. Results revealed significant variability in groundwater quality. High salinity levels rendered 50% of the samples unsuitable for irrigation, posing risks of soil salinization and reduced crop productivity. Sodium-related indices showed that while most samples posed minimal risk, some indicated potential threats to soil structure and permeability. Magnesium hazard exceeded safe limits in three samples, and chloride concentrations in seven samples surpassed 350 mg/l, raising concerns about plant toxicity and soil degradation. Wilcox and USSLS diagrams confirmed the unsuitability of certain samples without mitigation measures. These findings highlight the need for integrated water and soil management strategies, such as gypsum application, organic matter addition, and improved irrigation techniques, to minimize risks. Regular groundwater quality monitoring is crucial to sustain agricultural productivity in the region. Future studies should examine the long-term impacts of irrigation practices and evaluate mitigation strategies. Future studies should consider integrating seasonal variability and socioeconomic factors influencing water use in agriculture.Groundwater quality in Souk El Arbaa City, Morocco, was assessed for irrigation suitability.Key parameters included salinity hazard, sodium hazard, magnesium hazard, and chloride toxicity.Half of the groundwater samples were unsuitable for irrigation due to high salinity levels.Sodium hazard indicators showed variability, with some samples requiring careful management.Magnesium and chloride toxicity posed risks to soil structure and crop productivity in certain samples.Mitigation strategies, including soil amendments and irrigation management, were proposed.Findings provide insights for sustainable water resource management and agricultural planning.

CubeSats are a developing disruptive technology with a broad range of applications, including moon missions supplied by some international space agencies. They have motivated the scientific community to focus on this sector with various technologies aimed to be more suitable for advanced CubeSat and deep space missions. These CubeSat capabilities can be enhanced by designing a suitable new antenna design, which has the potential to significantly reduce manufacturing costs and energy consumption. This research investigates how to develop Fabry-Perot antenna designs and their use for advanced CubeSat missions. In order to identify the best CubeSat application for each design examined in this work, tens of Fabry-Perot antenna designs put forth by the scientific community are evaluated for their geometrical, mechanical, and electrical appropriateness for an advanced CubeSat mission. This study provides comprehensive data to examine the current status of Fabry-Perot antennas and if they are suitable for CubeSats. Furthermore, we offer a collection of design-based analytical models that could be applied to various upcoming advanced CubeSat projects at academic institutions or in collaboration with private or national space agencies.

This work is devoted to the study of the emitting properties of azimuthally inhomogeneous segmental dielectric resonators excited by whispering gallery modes. Due to the diffraction of the azimuthal waves on local nonhomogeneities located equidistantly along the azimuthal coordinate, intense electromagnetic radiation is achieved in the azimuthal sector of the angles 0°-360°. A prototype of an all-around emitting antenna based on basis of a segmental dielectric resonator is proposed, and its characteristics in the far zone are studied. It is shown that such an antenna forms a multilobe radiation pattern (72 lobes) in the circle sector of angles. The antenna gain in the lobes at the resonant frequency reaches 12 dB. Antenna optimization is achieved in the proposed method because of the large gain produced by the antenna. It is also analyzed that these types of radiation patterns observed by antennas are well used for the Internet of Things- (IoT-) based applications.