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An innovative blind adaptive identification algorithm based on least-squares type arguments is offered in this project. Devoid of any matrix inversion operation, parameter estimates are recursively updated with each output measurement. It is confirmed that the parameter estimates converge almost surely (a.s.) toward a scalar multiple of the true parameters. The viable utilization of this algorithm to the channel equalization problem is explained in this paper [3].

This paper presents a method of improving the least square channel estimator accuracy without increasing the pilot density. The Kalman filter process equation can be represented as Autoregressive model, and the least square channel estimate is seen as a noisy measurement of the true channel state, so the Kalman filter measurement equation can be represented as the least square estimated channel. The process equation and the measurement equation jointly form a state space model of the dynamic of the channel. Thus the Kalman filter can be used to estimate the state variable, i.e., the time varying channel. The Kalman filter based channel estimator leads to a significant gain in performance as compared to the least square channel estimator.

The experimental work presented in this paper focuses on the use of digital phase locked loop as a frequency modulation and demodulation, which is an important application used in the communications and electronics. A phase Locked loop (PLL) is a system that uses feedback to maintain an output signal in a specific phase relationship with a reference signal, and there's synchronization between its input and output signal. A digital phase locked loop DPLL integrated circuit IC was employed nominally by MC4046BE.

The aim of this paper is to make real observation by MATLAB codes, the first thing to do is find radiation pattern with different excitation current way, and different technique to choice the phase; for linear array.

The aim of this paper is to make real observation by MATLAB codes, the first thing to do is find radiation pattern with different excitation current way, and different technique to choice the phase; for planar array