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We used a green sol–gel synthesis method to fabricate a novel nanoporous copper aluminosilicate (CAS) material. Nanoporous CAS was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission transmission and scanning electron microscopies (FE-TEM/FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and optical analyses. The CAS was also evaluated for use as a promising disinfectant for the inactivation of waterborne pathogens. The antimicrobial action and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this CAS disinfectant were determined against eight microorganisms ( Escherichia coli , Salmonella enterica , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , Candida albicans , and Aspergillus niger ). An antimicrobial susceptibility testing of CAS was measured. Results of disc diffusion method pointed out that the diameters of the zone using well diffusion were wider than disc diffusion methods, and the findings also showed that the MIC of the CAS disinfectant against E. coli , S. enterica , and P. aeruginosa was 100 mg/L within 20 min of contact time. Meanwhile, the MIC of the CAS disinfectant was 100 mg/L within 40 min of contact time for the other strains. The efficacy of antimicrobial action (100%) reached within 20 to 40 min against all tested microbes. Herein, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of CAS disinfectant showed no toxicity for human and bacterial cells. It can be concluded that nanoporous CAS is a promising, economically, and worthy weapon for water disinfection.

In this paper, we present a humidity sensing material based on nanostructured Zn (1.6 − x) Na 0.4 Cu x TiO 4 spinel to enhance optical and sensitivity performance. Nano-porous of Zn (1.6 − x) Na 0.4 Cu x TiO 4 spinel were synthesized using sol gel reactions and calcined at 700 °C. The nanostructures of Zn (1.6 − x) Na 0.4 Cu x TiO 4 spinel underwent thorough characterization through multiple techniques. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) coupled with Rietveld refinement using FullProf software, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman Spectroscopy, and optical analysis were employed to assess various aspects of the nanostructures. These techniques were utilized to determine the phase composition, particle size distribution, chemical bonding, and the tunable band gap of the nanostructures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of Zn (1.6 − x) Na 0.4 Cu x TiO 4 samples revealed well-defined and prominent peaks, indicating a highly crystalline cubic spinel structure. The lattice parameter was decreased from 8.4401 to 8.4212 Å with increasing Cu content from 0 to 1.2 mol%. UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra were employed to investigate the optical characteristics of copper-doped Zn 1.6 Na 0.4 TiO 4 . The applicability of Cu@NaZT spinel nanostructures in humidity sensors was evaluated at ambient conditions. The fabricated sensor was investigated in a wide span of humidity (11–97%). The examined sensor demonstrates a low hysteresis, excellent repeatability, fast response and recovery. The response and recovery times were estimated to be 20 s and 6 s respectively. The highest sensitivity was achieved at 200 Hz. The proposed sensor can be coupled easily with electronic devices as the humidity–impedance relationship is linear.

A nanosheets containing chitosan (CS) and bioactive P 2 O 5 :SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 were prepared by the sol–gel method. The nanosheets were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR and optical studies. FE-SEM displayed a nano-clustering and dense structure with promising morphology. The optical results reveal that the incorporation of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles within the phosphosilicate/chitosan system was successfully cross-linked and create a change in the internal electronic structure. The optical band gap increased from 3.6 to 3.8 eV with increasing Al 2 O 3 content. The antimicrobial effectiveness for chitosan/phosphosilicate/(0.6, 0.9 mol.%)Al 2 O 3 nanosheets exhibited remarkable enhancement in the antimicrobial activities that candidates it for spectroscopic and bio-applications.

Development an advanced drug delivery biocomposite beads using polyvinylpyrrolidone, Sodium Alginate, and bioglass as a carrier for 20% amoxicillin drug. The two beads’ samples were formed by the sol–gel process combined with the dropwise method, through exposure to simulated body fluid (SBF). The obtained beads were assessed by XRD, SEM, and FT-IR confirming the in vitro test. The spectroscopic results confirm their successful development of the apatite layer. The SEM shows that the bio-beads are microsphere structures with a diameter from 405 nm to 4.700 μm. UV/visible diffuse reflectance analysis assessed the impact of loading amoxicillin on optical properties and determined the energy gap (Eg) for the composites, yielding values of 1.25 and 2.59 eV for the direct and indirect transitions. The antimicrobial efficiency is evaluated by employing the agar diffusion method with a range of pathogenic microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus haemolyticus , and Enterococcus faecalis are used as senates for the + ve bacteria, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli as -ve bacteria. The SBF tests confirm apatite covering on the bead surfaces, representative of effective bioactivity. Antimicrobial results establish enhanced performance, signifying the two bio-bead samples as promising applicants for bone tissue engineering.

Nanocrystalline strontium zinc titanate/copper nanoparticle (SZT/Cu) with tetragonal phase was prepared by the acidic sol–gel route and calcined at 700 °C. The phase formation, morphology, and spectroscopic properties of the (SZT/Cu) were investigated via the X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron spectroscopy (FE-SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra reflected the internal rearrangement in the internal structure of strontium zinc titanate (SZT) under the effect of Cu. The dielectric properties of SZT/Cu were investigated over a wide frequency range from 4 Hz to 8 MHz at different temperatures. A ferroelectric behavior with a diffuse phase transition is observed in the behavior of the dielectric constant against temperature. The observed Curie temperature is in the range (40 to 50 °C) with a diffuseness coefficient ( α ) range from (1.12 to 1.49). The antimicrobial activities of the three prepared samples exhibited antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (G +ve bacterium), Escherichia coli (G −ve bacterium), Candida albicans (yeast), and Aspergillus niger (fungus). Strontium zinc titanate doped with 6 mol% of Cu showed higher antimicrobial activities more than the rest samples with inhibition zones of 36, 30, 43 and 47 mm for S. aureus , E. coli , C. albicans , and A. niger , respectively.

Modified composites based on cellulose filled with nano-particles of sodium silicate forming cellulose/polypyrrole-TiO 2 / sodium silicate nanocomposite were prepared by combining a colloidal sol–gel technique and in-situ oxidative chemical polymerization. The effect of polypyrrole content, processing and the coating by the sodium silicate nanoparticles on the morphology and structure of the prepared composites were studied. The method of processing used was proven to be efficient to uniformly disperse the nano-particles within the polymeric matrix. The dielectric properties, including dielectric constant, ε ′ ( ω ) , dielectric loss, ε ′′ ( ω ) , tan δ and ac conductivity, σ ac , of the obtained composites were studied.

In the current study, we examined the impact of introducing Flumox into the chitosan/calcium lithium (Chitosan-CaLi) nanocomposite on its spectroscopic, thermal, and antimicrobial characteristics. The formation of the nanocomposites was achieved using the sol–gel method/polymerization, which was chosen for its cost-effectiveness and straightforward processing. The UV–Visible optical analysis shows an absorption peak at 290 nm across all samples. Both direct and indirect energy gap types are available where the indirect event exhibits a higher value than the direct transition. There is a noticeable decrease in both transition energies with the increase in Flumox content. The findings indicated that as the Flumox concentration increased, the Ic 50 value also increased, signifying a decrease in antioxidant capacity. The results from the obtained systems revealed that chitosan-CaLiO nanoparticles loaded with Flumox exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating the highest growth inhibition rate. However, in the case of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, the antimicrobial activity was comparatively lower.

Kevlar as super strength polyamide textile fabric treated through five concentration of (15 Cu 2 O 3 : 5 Li 2 O: (80-x) SiO 2 : (1–5) ZrO 2 ) nano-gel which successfully prepared through sol gel method at room temperature for using as a coating layers for Kevlar. The physical/chemical properties of treated and un-treated Kevlar were examined through FTIR, XRD, SEM and UV- absorbance and reflectance. The treatment efficient on Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) and Mechanical properties for treated and un-treated Kevlar was also examined. Optical results clarified that the coating layer copper lithium silicate/zirconium (CLS/ZrO 2 ) NPs on Kevlar surface produces a remarkable contribution to its UV-Vis absorbance properties and creates high energy is absorbed from the UV- light. FTIRimages enhancement in comparison with Kevlar, while new peaks are presented Si-O-Si and its intensity increasing with ZrO 2 doping percent at FTIR charts. SEM showed a homogeneous dispersity of CLS/ZRO 2 NPson Kevlar surface appears as this layer at low concentrations. Kevlar showed ascending UPF values with increasing ZrO 2 percent inside CLS/ZrO 2 NPs. Mechanical properties behaviors directly proportional to early percent’s of CLS/ZrO 2 NPs doping and then decreases, which means it has not monotonic behavior. The obtained results will assist textile developers to use the new modified Kevlar at different applications as protective clothing.

In this study, we investigated the preparation, characterization, and antibacterial properties of strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticles doped with different ratios of copper oxide (CuO) (1, 2, 3, and 4 mol.%). The SrO@CuO nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol–gel method, which is known for producing highly homogeneous and pure nanoparticles in a versatile and cost-effective manner. The study investigates the impact of CuO on the growth of the nanoparticles and their antibacterial and dielectric properties. Several techniques including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, FTIR, and dielectric spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphological, crystallographic, and electric properties of the SrO@CuO nanoparticles. The dielectric properties of the nanoparticles were performed to study the polarization at the interface, energy loss (tan ε), and conductivity from 0.1 Hz to 20 MHz. Koop's two-layer model was suggested to explain the changes in impedance with frequency. The model suggests that the samples contain well-directing grains detached by some insulating grain boundary. As the frequency increases, the impedance decreases, and the interfacial polarization goes down. This happens when the dielectric dipoles stop following the applied reciprocating electric field. The antibacterial effects of CuO nanoparticles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis were also observed. The samples showed antibacterial efficacy. The study found that the concentration of CuO significantly affects the structure, spectroscopic properties, and antibacterial efficacy of the CuO nanoparticles. The results indicate that SrO@CuO nanoparticles are appropriate for energy storage, recording media, microwaves, and antimicrobial agents.

In this work, conducting composites of nanocellulose (NC)/polypyrrole nanoparticles (NPPy) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), i.e., NC/NPPyAg, were synthesized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, via in situ emulsion polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of surfactant dopants. The AgNPs acted as an oxidizing agent to simultaneously incorporate nanoparticles into the prepared composites. The structures and morphologies of the prepared composites were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis Spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) techniques. Additionally, the prepared composites were characterized by their conductivities, and the dielectric constants (ε΄), dielectric losses (ε˝), and AC conductivities were studied for the prepared composites with an increasing NPPy content as a function of the frequency.