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HighlightsCellulose aerogel with vertically oriented structure was obtained by constructing a vertically aligned SiC nanowires/BN network via the ice template assisted strategy.The thermal conductivity of the composite in the vertical direction reaches 2.21 W m−1 K−1 at a low hybrid filler loading of 16.69 wt%, which was increased 890% compared to pure epoxy.The composite exhibits good electrically insulating with a volume electrical resistivity about 2.35×1011 Ω cm, and displays excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance.With the innovation of microelectronics technology, the heat dissipation problem inside the device will face a severe test. In this work, cellulose aerogel (CA) with highly enhanced thermal conductivity (TC) in vertical planes was successfully obtained by constructing a vertically aligned silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NWs)/boron nitride (BN) network via the ice template-assisted strategy. The unique network structure of SiC NWs connected to BN ensures that the TC of the composite in the vertical direction reaches 2.21 W m−1 K−1 at a low hybrid filler loading of 16.69 wt%, which was increased by 890% compared to pure epoxy (EP). In addition, relying on unique porous network structure of CA, EP-based composite also showed higher TC than other comparative samples in the horizontal direction. Meanwhile, the composite exhibits good electrically insulating with a volume electrical resistivity about 2.35 × 1011 Ω cm and displays excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of − 21.5 dB and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (< − 10 dB) from 8.8 to 11.6 GHz. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy for manufacturing polymer-based composites with excellent multifunctional performances in microelectronic packaging applications.

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are regarded as attractive pseudocapacitive materials due to their impressive capacitive qualities that may be adjustable to their morphological features. However, the layered structure of LDH renders them susceptible to structural aggregation, which inhibits effective electrolyte transport and limits their practical applicability after limited exposure to active areas. Herein, we propose a simple template-free strategy to synthesize hierarchical hollow sphere NiMn-LDH material with high surface area and exposed active as anode material for supercapacitor application. The template-free approach enables the natural nucleation of Ni-Mn ions resulting in thin sheets that self-assemble into a hollow sphere, offering expended interlayer spaces and abundant redox-active active sites. The optimal NiMn-LDH-12 achieved a specific capacitance of 1010.4 F g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 with capacitance retention of 70% at 5 A g−1 after 5000 cycles with lower charge transfer impedance. When configured into an asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC) device as NiMn-LDH//AC, the material realized a specific capacitance of 192.4 F g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 with a good energy density of 47.9 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 196.8 W kg−1. The proposed morphological-tuning route is promising for designing template-free NiMn-LDHs spheres with practical pseudocapacitive characteristics.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have gained significant attention for their unique physicochemical properties, but their application in conductive hydrogels for strain‐sensing still remains rarely explored due to their low electrical conductivity and poor compatibility with the hydrogel network. This study proposes an innovative strategy of preparing highly conductive and mechanically robust Li/Al‐LDH reinforced polyacrylamide (PAM)/xanthan gum (XG) semi‐interpenetrating network nano‐conductive hydrogels (PXL) by in situ polymerization of acrylamide (AM) monomers in Li/Al‐LDH colloidal solution. Li/Al‐LDH exhibits high electrical conductivity and meanwhile interacts with the polymer matrix to form coordination/hydrogen bonds. The unique multi‐collaborative network endows the PXL hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties (the strain at break is 2350%) and high sensing properties (the gauge factor is 4.65). As a proof of concept, an 8 × 8 sensor array and an intelligent insole are designed based on the PXL hydrogel, demonstrating the great broad prospects of PXL in medical, human‐computer interaction, and flexible wearable applications. This study provides new insights for introducing highly conductive and uniformly dispersed LDHs into hydrogels for flexible wearable electronics. PXL hydrogel is prepared by in situ polymerization of acrylamide (AM) between Li/Al‐LDH nanosheets and forming a semi‐interpenetrating network structure with xanthan gum (XG). The in situ polymerization of AM ensures the uniform distribution of Li/Al‐LDH within the hydrogel network. This multi‐collaborative network endows hydrogel with excellent mechanical and electromechanical properties, demonstrating great potential for applications in flexible electronics.

The development of high‐performance capacitive deionization (CDI) electrodes demands innovative materials that integrate rapid ion transport, high salt adsorption capacity (SAC), and oxidative stability. This challenge is addressed through a surface nanoarchitectonics strategy, constructing 2D mesochannel polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide heterostructures (mPPy/rGO) with ordered 1D mesochannels (~8 nm) parallel to the graphene surface. By confining the self‐assembly of cylindrical polymer brushes on freestanding rGO substrates, directional ion highways are simultaneously engineered that significantly reduce transport tortuosity. In addition, corrosion‐resistant polymer interfaces block oxygen penetration, and strong interfacial interactions between PPy and rGO ensure efficient electron transfer. The mPPy/rGO‐based CDI cell achieves breakthrough performance: ultrahigh SAC of 84.1 mg g−1 (4.5× activated carbon, the salt concentration: 2 g L−1), and 96.8% capacity retention over 100 cycles in air‐equilibrated saline solution (the salt concentration: 500 mg L−1). This interfacial confinement methodology establishes a universal paradigm for designing polymer‐based desalination materials with atomically precise transport pathways. The engineering 2D polymer/graphene heterostructures with aligned 1D mesochannels synergizes directional ion transport pathways, corrosion‐resistant interfaces, and rapid electron highways, overcoming traditional bottlenecks. The design scalability and tunability enable universal adaptation to diverse redox‐active polymers, while its mechanistic insights guide future optimization of high‐flow desalination systems. This work redefines electrode engineering paradigms, accelerating sustainable solutions for water desalination.

HighlightsThe SiO2 nanofiber membranes and MXene@c-MWCNT6:4 as one unit layer (SMC1) were bonded together with 5 wt% PVA solution.When the structural unit is increased to three layers, the resulting SMC3 has an average electromagnetic interference SET of 55.4 dB and a low thermal conductivity of 0.062 W m−1 K−1.SMCx exhibit stable electromagnetic interference shielding and excellent thermal insulation even in extreme heat and cold environment.A lightweight flexible thermally stable composite is fabricated by combining silica nanofiber membranes (SNM) with MXene@c-MWCNT hybrid film. The flexible SNM with outstanding thermal insulation are prepared from tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolysis and condensation by electrospinning and high-temperature calcination; the MXene@c-MWCNTx:y films are prepared by vacuum filtration technology. In particular, the SNM and MXene@c-MWCNT6:4 as one unit layer (SMC1) are bonded together with 5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, which exhibits low thermal conductivity (0.066 W m−1 K−1) and good electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance (average EMI SET, 37.8 dB). With the increase in functional unit layer, the overall thermal insulation performance of the whole composite film (SMCx) remains stable, and EMI shielding performance is greatly improved, especially for SMC3 with three unit layers, the average EMI SET is as high as 55.4 dB. In addition, the organic combination of rigid SNM and tough MXene@c-MWCNT6:4 makes SMCx exhibit good mechanical tensile strength. Importantly, SMCx exhibit stable EMI shielding and excellent thermal insulation even in extreme heat and cold environment. Therefore, this work provides a novel design idea and important reference value for EMI shielding and thermal insulation components used in extreme environmental protection equipment in the future.

Highlights The advantages of biomass materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding are analyzed, the mechanism of EMI shielding is summarized, and the factors affecting EMI shielding are analyzed systematically. Various biomass materials (wood, bamboo, lignin, cellulose) were modified to obtain unique structures and improve EMI shielding performance. The problems encountered in the application of biomass materials for EMI shielding are summarized, and the potential development and application in the future are prospected. Research efforts on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials. These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight, porous, and hierarchical. Due to their porous nature, interfacial compatibility, and electrical conductivity, biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials. Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported, this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials. In particular, a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment, preparation process, and micro-control would be valuable. The preparation methods and characteristics of wood, bamboo, cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper, and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed. The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed. this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.

The rapid accumulation of retired lithium‐ion batteries demands sustainable recycling technologies, particularly for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes, to alleviate resource constraints and curb environmental hazards posed by conventional disposal. Here, we propose a tunable pre‐oxidization and microencapsulation strategy for the direct regeneration of unhomogenized spent LFP. Through controlled pre‐oxidation, heterogeneous spent LFP is converted into a stoichiometric intermediate of Li3Fe2(PO4)3 and Fe2O3, resetting structural heterogeneity and removing binder/carbon residues. Polarity‐modified encapsulation spatially confines Li2CO3/PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) around intermediates by non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS), enabling uniform Li replenishment. Subsequently, annealing reconstructs the olivine lattice and concurrently generates an in situ carbon coating. The regenerated LFP exhibits restored crystallinity with Fe‐Li antisite defects reduced from 6.1% to 1.41%, and a 5 nm in situ carbon coating, delivering a specific discharge capacity of 161 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with a ~30% reduction in polarization voltage, exhibiting 82% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 2 C. This work establishes a facile pathway for LFP recycling by integrating defect correction with carbon coating in a scalable process, offering a viable solution to industrial battery reclamation and the circular economy. The HCR‐DR method combines pre‐oxidation and NIPS to synchronize atomic defect repair with structural engineering. Pre‐oxidation converts S‐LFP into stoichiometric intermediates, eliminating residual binder and carbon. Ethanol‐induced NIPS of PVA forms porous microcapsules with confined Li2CO3/glucose around S‐LFP‐Air particles. Annealing pyrolyzes PVA into carbon coatings and filamentous carbon networks while glucose reduces Fe3+ and Li2CO3 replenishes Li+, reconstructing the olivine lattice.

The crystallinity properties of perovskite influence their optoelectrical performance in solar cell applications. We optimized the grain shape and crystallinity of perovskite film by annealing treatment from 130 to 170 °C under high humidity (relative humidity of 70%). We found that the grain size, grain interface, and grain morphology of the perovskite are optimized when the sample was annealed at 150 °C for 1 h in the air. At this condition, the perovskite film is composed of 250 nm crystalline shape grain and compact inter-grain structure with an invincible grain interface. Perovskite solar cells device analysis indicated that the device fabricated using the samples annealed at 150 °C produced the highest power conversion efficiency, namely 17.77%. The open circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF) of the device are as high as 1.05 V, 22.27 mA/cm2, and 0.76, respectively. Optoelectrical dynamic analysis using transient photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies reveals that (i) carrier lifetime in the champion device can be up to 25 ns, which is almost double the carrier lifetime of the sample annealed at 130 °C. (ii) The interfacial charge transfer resistance is low in the champion device, i.e., ~20 Ω, which has a crystalline grain morphology, enabling active photocurrent extraction. Perovskite’s behavior under annealing treatment in high humidity conditions can be a guide for the industrialization of perovskite solar cells.

Polycrystalline compounds of lanthanum calcium manganite La 1 − x Ca x MnO 3 , (LCMO) are extensively utilized in energy conversion systems because of their low losses and features related to the transfer of electric charges. This work aimed to examine the impact of different levels of Ca 2+ replacements (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) on the adjustment of the optical band gap and dielectric losses in La 1 − x Ca x MnO 3 nanoparticles. The synthesized samples underwent structural analysis using X-ray diffraction. All generated samples were proven to have an orthorhombic R c crystal structure. The estimated crystallite size ranged from 25 nm to 32 nm, and other lattice characteristics were also determined. An agglomerated spherical form consisting of nanoparticles with a range of (33–46 nm) can be seen in the scanning electron micrographs of all of the LCMO samples. The nanoparticles had a moderate size distribution and were influenced by narrower grain boundaries. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was utilized to verify the elemental makeup of each chemical, while the infrared spectrum revealed bonding in the fingerprint region. A considerable decrease in the optical band gap was detected through the analysis of UV spectrometer absorption data. The band gap exhibited a reduction from 3.95 eV to 3.74 eV. The decrease was determined to be associated with the disparity in refractive index, which was computed using both Moss and Herve-Vandamme equations. Simultaneously, frequency-dependent dielectric study indicated a direct correlation between frequency and the rise in Ca concentration, resulting in an inverse impact on dielectric loss. In addition, the electrical conductivity of these nano-system that were created design as the Ca content grew. This increase was represented by Johnscher’s universal power law in the high frequency range.

Antibiotics in water are upcoming hazard that many are avoiding. Traditional adsorbents are incompetent in removing this class of contaminants. Thus, we aimed to eliminate most commonly used antibiotic, amoxicillin (AMX) from its solution using biodegradable polymer composite labelled as PCZF (polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitosan/ZnFe 2 O 4 ). The material characterization was done by using FT–IR, SEM–EDX, Zeta-seizer, BET, XRD and VSM techniques. Batch and column studies were employed to test the economic utility of the prepared composite. Later, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to correlate the adsorption equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacity was attained up to 384.6 mg/g and 218.9 mg/g in batch and column studies, respectively. Kinetic and thermodynamic factors were also studied. As outcomes, Freundlich model was best fitted to the experimental data ( R 2  = 0.999) and pseudo-second-order rate kinetics ( R 2  = 0.999) were followed. In column studies, the flow rate was varied and with the increase in flow rate, breakthrough increased but the saturation time ( C t / C o  = 0.95) decreased. Fixed-bed kinetic model analysis using Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models was performed as well.