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Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. and Deverra. triradiata Hochst. ex Bioss are perennial desert shrubs widely used traditionally for many purposes and they are characteristic for their essential oil. The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vivo wound healing activity of the essential oil (EO) of D. tortuosa and D. triradiata through their encapsulation into nanoemulsion. EO nanoemulsion was prepared using an aqueous phase titration method, and nanoemulsion zones were identified through the construction of phase diagrams. The EO was prepared by hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and analyzed using GC/MS. D. tortuosa oil is rich in the non-oxygenated compound, representing 74.54, 73.02, and 41.19% in HD, MADH, and SFE, respectively, and sabinene represents the major monoterpene hydrocarbons. Moreover, D. triradiata is rich in oxygenated compounds being 69.77, 52.87, and 61.69% in HD, MADH, and SFE, respectively, with elemicin and myristicin as major phenylpropanoids. Topical application of the nanoemulsion of D. tortuosa and D. triradiata (1% or 2%) exhibited nearly 100% wound contraction and complete healing at day 16. Moreover, they exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and a significant increase in growth factors and hydroxyproline levels. Histopathological examination exhibited complete re-epithelialization accompanied by activated hair follicles and abundant collagen fibers, especially at a concentration of 2%. Therefore, the incorporation of the two Deverra species into nanoemulsion could professionally endorse different stages of wound healing.

The flavor, nutritional, and medicinal value of rosemary are well known. Hydrodistilled (HD) essential oil was prepared in the present study as a standard. Olive oil maceration (OM) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) technology were separately applied to extract the essential oil of rosemary. The three obtained products, HD, OM, and SC-CO 2 , were compared concerning their main constituents using GC‒MS. Their antimicrobial properties were evaluated against eight microbes by the disc diffusion assay. Interestingly, both 1,8-cineol and camphor were the major compounds in the three oils. α-Pinene was also detected in large amounts in both HD and OM. Additionally, borneol was the third major component in SC-CO 2 . The antimicrobial results revealed differential effects against six microbes. However, HD oil also exhibited antifungal activity. Maceration is a green extraction procedure that is easy to perform in households, and attention must be paid to olive oil maceration as a complementary medicine that originated in pharaohs.

The objective of the present work was to establish the antimicrobial activity of four species of Melaleuca (i.e. Melaleuca leucandron, Melaleuca armillaris, Melaleuca linarifolia, & Melaleuca ericifolia) methanolic extracts and five species of Syzygium (i.e., Syzygium samaragense, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium gratum, Syzygium paniculatum & Syzygium malaccense). To research the chemical composition of the most promising extracts, as well. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against four pathogenic microbial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), while the chemical composition was calculated by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry method (GC/MS). For the genus of Melaleuca, S. After therapy, aureus pathogens were inhibited with their methanolic extracts with an 8.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli with a 0.0-21.0 mm inhibition zone size, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 9.0-18.0 mm, and A. Niger with an inhibition zone scale of 0.0-15.0 mm. Whereas, for the genus Syzygium, S. After treatment with their methanolic extracts, aureus pathogens were inhibited with a 10.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli, with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-14.0 mm, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-21.0 mm, and A. Niger with a range of inhibition zones of 0.0-9.0 mm. The IC50 values in the DPPH assay ranged from 34.60 to 60.97μg/ml for the species Melaleuca. The IC50 values for the Syzygium species ranged from 29.81 to 52.95μg/ml compared to 7.35μg/ml for the normal ascorbic acid. GC/MS research showed that Syzygium gratum’s methanolic extract consists of 39 compounds comprising 99.08 percent, with Veridiflorol (7.16 percent) and 2-methyl, 3-Hexanone being the main compounds (5.74 percent ). While Melaleuca armillaris’ methanolic extract consists of 30 compounds comprising 97.66%, with Veridiflorol (18.36%) and Globulolol compounds being the key compounds (12.57 percent ).

Detoxification is one of the main vital tasks performed by the liver. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mustard in its normal or nanoparticles could confer a protective/therapeutic effect against TAA-induced acute liver failure in experimental animal models. Mustard ethanolic extract was analyzed by HPLC/MS. To induce liver failure, male rats were injected with 350 mg/kg bw TAA IP, then treated orally with a dose of 100 mg/kg for 15 d of mustard extract and its nanoform before and following induction. The levels of serum liver functions, total cholesterol (TCHo), total glyceride (TG), total bilirubin (TBIL), hepatic malonaldhyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO),glutathione (GSH), sodium oxide dismutase (SOD), as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α,) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), were estimated. DNA genotoxicity and hepatic pathology, and immunohistologic (IHC) changes were assayed. The antioxidant content of Phenolic acids, flavonoids in mustard ethanolic extract substantially decreased the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and rehabilitated the histopathological alterations. In addition, nanoforms of mustard ethanol extract have notably increased the levels of GSH, SOD and significantly reduced the levels of MDA. The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and tissue were markedly downregulated. DNA genotoxicity was significantly reversed. Mustard introduced a protective and medicinal effect against TAA in both its forms.

The flavor, nutritional, and medicinal value of rosemary are well known. Hydrodistilled (HD) essential oil was prepared in the present study as a standard. Olive oil maceration (OM) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO ) technology were separately applied to extract the essential oil of rosemary. The three obtained products, HD, OM, and SC-CO , were compared concerning their main constituents using GC‒MS. Their antimicrobial properties were evaluated against eight microbes by the disc diffusion assay. Interestingly, both 1,8-cineol and camphor were the major compounds in the three oils. α-Pinene was also detected in large amounts in both HD and OM. Additionally, borneol was the third major component in SC-CO . The antimicrobial results revealed differential effects against six microbes. However, HD oil also exhibited antifungal activity. Maceration is a green extraction procedure that is easy to perform in households, and attention must be paid to olive oil maceration as a complementary medicine that originated in pharaohs.