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This study explores the loss and gain of meaning, content, and effect in Narimān al-Shamly's intralingual translation of al-Maʻarrī's Risalat al-Ghufrān [Epistle of Forgiveness] from classical Arabic into semi-literate spoken Arabic which is the level of Arabic used by Egyptians in their daily lives. The study employs the concept of translation universals as a basis for a method of analysis that assesses the success or failure of al-Shamly's translation strategies in conveying the meaning and merit of al-Maʻarrī's text into the translation. The study contributes to the field of translation studies by broadening our understanding of the little explored territory of updating classical Arabic texts through intralingual translation. It sheds light on the possible effects and consequences of the use of certain translation strategies which are usually associated with the translation universals that tend to appear in texts which are made easier to read for the target audience. The study can also help translators when they make conscious decisions during the process of translating a classical Arabic text into spoken Arabic dialects.

The field of translation has recently been affected by an increasing tendency to use unconventional language in the realm of politics. This study explores the influence of such a tendency on simultaneous interpreting and focuses on the Arabic translations of two simultaneous interpreters who rendered two of Donald Trump's unscripted speeches into Arabic. The study aims at detecting the constraints involved in the simultaneous interpretating of Trump's unscripted speeches, exploring the interpreters' strategies, and revealing how the speaker's deviation from the norms of language use in politics may have an impact on the performance of the interpreters. The study contributes to the field of translation studies by exploring the territory of political interpretating into Arabic which needs further studying. It addresses the phenomenon of using unconventional language in the realm of politics and broadens our knowledge of the constraints it imposes on simultaneous interpretating and of the ways in which simultaneous interpreters intervene to make the communicated message intelligible. The study also suggests that explanation can be another category of the ways of intervention that interpreters use and can thus be added to the categorisation suggested by Kadrić et al. (2022).

The present study analyses an Arabic translation of Tom Hanks's (2017) book Uncommon Type: Some Stories, which is the translation that was produced by Magdy ʻAbdul-Maguid Khāṭer (Hanks, 2017/2020). The study employs eco-translatology in describing the translational eco-environment and it sheds light on the imbalance which results from the differences between the linguistic and cultural systems of the source text and the target text and which requires making adaptive and selective transformations in order to restore balance in the translational eco-environment. The study uses eco-translatology's interpretation of translation as a multidimensional transformation as a basis for a model of analysis that investigates the translator's decisions. It also assesses the success of these decisions in restoring balance to the translational eco-environment and ultimately judges the translation's holistic degree of adaptation and selection. By employing eco-translatology in the analysis of an Arabic translation, the study contributes to advancing the internationalization of eco-translatology which has mostly been studied and explored in China. It also expands eco-translatology's application, substantiates the criticism of eco-translatology's use of Darwin's law of natural selection in explaining the first phase of the translation process, and furthers our understanding of eco-translatology.

The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine holds great promise for the cure of many diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, which, despite of the advances in current therapeutic approaches, remains to be one of the most serious health care problems. In addition to the traditional sources of adult stem cells, human umbilical cord blood has provided an important source of stem cells for research due to its unique advantages compared to other sources. In this study, we aimed at optimizing culture conditions for obtaining insulin-producing cells from cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Twenty cord blood samples were subjected to short-term, liquid static culture that favors the proliferation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. A duplicate culture was set for each sample, one with high glucose concentration and the other with low glucose concentration. Then these cells were subsequently induced to transdifferentiate into insulin-producing cells via a biphasic liquid culture using exendin-4. The expression of human insulin was then tested using RT-PCR. At the end of the culture, 17 out of the 20 samples (85%) cultured in high glucose concentration showed positive human insulin mRNA expression, while culture media with low glucose concentration failed to induce transdifferentiation into insulin-producing cells in any of the 20 samples. In brief, our study demonstrate that hematopoietic cord blood stem cells can transdifferentiate into insulin-producing cells in short-term liquid culture supplemented with high glucose concentration, nicotinamide, and exendin-4 in vitro.