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Trauma records in Egyptian hospitals are widely suspected to be inadequate for developing a practical and useful trauma registry, which is critical for informing both primary and secondary prevention. We reviewed archived paper records of trauma patients admitted to the Beni-Suef University Hospital in Upper Egypt for completeness in four domains: demographic data including contact information, administrative data tracking patients from admission to discharge, clinical data including vital signs and Glasgow Coma Scale scores, and data describing the causal traumatic event (mechanism of injury, activity at the time of injury, and location/setting). The majority of the 539 medical records included in the study had significant deficiencies in the four reviewed domains. Overall, 74.3% of demographic fields, 66.5% of administrative fields, 55.0% of clinical fields, and just 19.9% of fields detailing the causal event were found to be completed. Critically, oxygen saturation, arrival time, and contact information were reported in only 7.6%, 25.8%, and 43.6% of the records, respectively. Less than a fourth of the records provided any details about the cause of trauma. Accordingly, the current, paper-based medical record system at Beni-Suef University Hospital is insufficient for the development of a practical trauma registry. More efforts are needed to develop efficient and comprehensive documentation of trauma data in order to inform and improve patient care.

Abstract Background The ability to adapt clinical management of trauma in many lower- and middle- income countries (LMICs) has been historically constrained by nonexistent or inadequate data registries. These registries suffer from a variety of issues including administrative, logistical, educational, feasibility, and financial barriers. Objective The present study aimed to survey physicians at a representative hospital with documented trauma record deficiencies regarding their experiences with the current registry system, barriers that affect the current system, and recommendations for improvement. Methods This study was a qualitative analysis of the experiences and opinions of trauma physicians in the Emergency Department of Beni-Suef University Hospital. Eight participants underwent a semi-structured interview covering the aforementioned topics. The interviews were then coded to identify prominent themes, from which quotes that epitomized these themes were selected. Results The participants identified issues with the current data registry system that corroborates prior quantitative data at the location, particularly stressing the lack of critical information affecting patient care and safety including mechanisms of injury, patient identification information, and time courses. Clinical duties and staffing were identified as primary barriers as the large patient volume seen in under-resourced hospitals precludes the ability of the physician to adequately complete documentation. Simplicity and practical workflow modification in conjunction with increased data utilization in the form of research output were stressed as desirable features that could facilitate the improvement of the current system. Conclusion Data registries enable hospitals and public health systems to engage in primary and secondary interventions, thereby reducing clinical volume loads and increasing clinical efficacy. After engaging in constructive discussion with physicians on the trauma care team at Beni-Suef University Hospital, the goal of workflow modification within existing resources was established as the primary guiding principle for subsequent interventional stages in improving the current trauma registry.

This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the prehospital time delay of the injured patients arriving at the Emergency Department of Beni-Suef University Hospital in Upper Egypt. In this cross-sectional study, the following data were retrieved from the hospital records of 632 injured patients between 1/1/2018 and 31/3/2018: age, sex, residence, means of transportation to the hospital, prehospital time delay, consciousness level on admission, source of injury, and type of worst injury. The prehospital time delay (>one hour) of the injured patients was positively associated with age >60 years and rural residence but inversely associated with consciousness level with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 5.14 (2.26-11.68), 3.49 (2.22-5.48), and 0.56 (0.32-0.96), respectively. The prehospital time delay of the injured patients arriving at the Emergency Department of Beni-Suef University Hospital in Egypt was associated with old age, rural residence, and consciousness level.

Many shreds of evidence have recently correlated A2B receptor antagonism with anticancer activity. Hence, the search for an efficient A2B antagonist may help in the development of a new chemotherapeutic agent. In this article, 23 new derivatives of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline were designed and synthesized and its structures were confirmed by different spectral data and elemental analyses. The results of cytotoxic evaluation of these compounds showed six promising active derivatives with IC50 values ranging from 1.9 to 6.4 μM on MDA-MB 231 cell line. Additionally, molecular docking for all synthesized compounds was performed to predict their binding affinity toward the homology model of A2B receptor as a proposed mode of their cytotoxic activity. Results of molecular docking were strongly correlated with those of the cytotoxic study. Finally, structure activity relationship analyses of the new compounds were explored.Graphic abstract

Objectives To assess the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the characterization of hepatic focal lesions (HFLs) and compare it to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Methods Prospective analysis was done for 49 patients (23 male and 26 female) with 74 HFLs who underwent dynamic MRI, DWI, and DTI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from DWI, fractional anisotropy (FA) values, and mean diffusivity (MD) values from DTI were measured by two independent radiologists. HFLs were classified into benign and malignant HFLs; the latter were subdivided into HCC and non-HCC lesions. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the associations between the DTI parameters and the distinction of malignant lesions. Results The ADC, MD, and FA at cutoff values of ≤ 1.17 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, ≤ 1.71 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, and > 0.29, respectively, are excellent discriminators for differentiating malignant and benign HFLs. The mean ADC and MD values of hemangiomas were significantly higher than HCC and non-HCC malignant lesions. In contrast, the mean FA values of hemangiomas were significantly lower than those of non-HCC malignant lesions and HCCs. The ADC and MD were very good discriminators at cutoff values of > 1.03 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s and > 1.12 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, respectively. The FA at a cutoff value > 0.38 is an excellent discriminator for HCC versus non-HCC malignant lesions. Only FA value > 0.38 was a statistically significant independent predictor of HCC versus non-HCC lesions among the three parameters. There was an excellent inter-observer agreement with ICC > 0.9. Conclusion MD and FA of DTI are non-invasive, very good, and excellent discriminators superior to ADC measured by DWI for the differentiation of HFLs. Key Points • The ADC, MD, and FA at cutoff values of ≤ 1.17 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, ≤ 1.71 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, and > 0.29, respectively, are excellent discriminators for differentiating malignant and benign HFLs. • The mean ADC and MD values of hemangiomas were significantly higher than those of HCC and non-HCC malignant lesions. In contrast, the mean FA values of hemangiomas were significantly lower than those of non-HCC malignant lesions and HCCs, respectively. • Multivariate regression analysis revealed that only FA value > 0.38 was a statistically significant independent predictor of HCC vs. non-HCC lesions. A lesion with FA > 0.38 has 34 times higher odds of being HCC rather than non-HCC lesions

Phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine is considered a milestone scaffold known to possess various biological activities such as antiparasitic, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities. In addition, the urgent need for selective and potent novel anticancer agents represents a major route in the drug discovery process. Herein, new aryl analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer effects on a panel of cancer cell lines: MCF-7, HCT116, and HePG-2. Some of these compounds showed potent cytotoxicity, with variable degrees of potency and cell line selectivity in antiproliferative assays with low resistance. As the analogs carry the pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold, which looks structurally very similar to tyrosine and receptor kinase inhibitors, the potent compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on three essential cancer targets: EGFRWT, EGFRT790M, VGFR2, and Top-II. The data obtained revealed that most of these compounds were potent, with variable degrees of target selectivity and dual EGFR/VGFR2 inhibitors at the IC50 value range, i.e., 0.3–24 µM. Among these, compound 5i was the most potent non-selective dual EGFR/VGFR2 inhibitor, with inhibitory concentrations of 0.3 and 7.60 µM, respectively. When 5i was tested in an MCF-7 model, it effectively inhibited tumor growth, strongly induced cancer cell apoptosis, inhibited cell migration, and suppressed cell cycle progression leading to DNA fragmentation. Molecular docking studies were performed to explore the binding mode and mechanism of such compounds on protein targets and mapped with reference ligands. The results of our studies indicate that the newly discovered phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based multitarget inhibitors have significant potential for anticancer treatment.

Sixteen [1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines as DNA intercalators-Topo II inhibitors have been prepared and their anticancer actions evaluated towards three cancer cell lines. The new compounds affected on high percentage of MCF-7. Derivatives 7e, 7c and 7b exhibited the highest anticancer activities. Their activities were higher than that of doxorubicin. Molecular docking studies showed that the HBA present in the chromophore, the substituted distal phenyl moiety and the extended linkers enable our derivatives to act as DNA binders. Also, the pyrazoline moiety formed six H-bonds and improved affinities with DNA active site. Finally, 7e, 7c and 7b exhibited the highest DNA affinities and act as traditional intercalators of DNA. The most active derivatives 7e, 7c, 7b, 7g and 6e were subjected to evaluate their Topo II inhibition and DNA binding actions. Derivative 7e exhibited the highest binding affinity. It intercalates DNA at IC 50 = 29.06 µM. Moreover, compound 7e potently intercalates DNA at an IC 50 value of 31.24 µM. Finally, compound 7e demonstrated the most potent Topo II inhibitor at a value of 0.890 µM. Compound 7c exhibited an equipotent IC 50 value (0.940 µM) to that of doxorubicin. Furthermore, derivatives 7b, 7c, 7e and 7g displayed a high ADMET profile.

CDK2 is a key player in cell cycle processes. It has a crucial role in the progression of various cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are two common cancers that affect humans worldwide. The available therapeutic options suffer from many drawbacks including high toxicity and decreased specificity. Therefore, there is a need for more effective and safer therapeutic agents. A series of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogs was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anticancer agents against the CRC and HCC cells, HCT116, and HepG2, respectively. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinone derivatives bearing N5-2-(4-halophenyl) acetamide substituents were identified as the most potent amongst evaluated compounds. Further evaluation of CDK2 kinase inhibition of two potential cytotoxic compounds 4a and 4b confirmed their CDK2 inhibitory activity. Compound 4a was more potent than the reference roscovitine regarding the CDK2 inhibitory activity (IC50 values: 0.21 and 0.25 µM, respectively). In silico molecular docking provided insights into the molecular interactions of compounds 4a and 4b with important amino acids within the ATP-binding site of CDK2 (Ile10, Leu83, and Leu134). Overall, compounds 4a and 4b were identified as interesting CDK2 inhibitors eliciting antiproliferative activity against the CRC and HCC cells, HCT116 and HepG2, respectively, for future further investigations and development.

This review summarizes our contributions during last decade on the synthesis of arylazopyridones that may be used as disperse dyes for hydrophobic fabrics utilizing an environmentally benign high temperature dyeing method. The review also discusses the advantages of select disperse dyes based on pyridone moieties as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents.

The goal of this study was to utilize carrier for accelerating the rate of dyeing not only to enhance dyeing of polyester fabrics dyed with disperse dyes 3a,b, but also to save energy. Both the color strength expressed as dye uptake and the fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were evaluated.