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Pearls occupy a distinguished position among gems due to its unique beauty. Both natural and cultured pearls occur in a wide variety of colors. The most familiar colors are white and cream. Black, gray, and silver are also fairly common, but the palette of pearl colors extends to every hue. Pearl jewelry was used in every civilization such as Egyptian, Chinese, and Roman civilization. It was considered as a symbol of nobility. Pearls also have a key role in modern jewelry as designers tend to use it for its beauty. This paper aims to review the industry of pearls and its importance in jewelry design. it reviews the history of pearls and how the industry was converted from fishing pearls to farming it. Cultured pearls provide solutions for the rareness of natural pearls and its high prices. Pearls types were presented. Pearl grading systems were analysed. The process of pearl treatment was explained for its importance in pearl industry.