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The pharmaceutical industry is exposed to continual shifts in the external environment as a result of growing customer demands, increased competition, and generally unstable economic conditions in many nations. To thrive in this highly competitive environment, businesses need to be able to adapt to changes faster than their competitors. Enhancing operational performance becomes a growing interest for manufacturing organizations. The manufacturing sector has been encouraged to abandon conventional paradigms like mass production. In today's changing global markets, agile manufacturing has become essential for an organization's survival. Agile manufacturing is a cutting-edge manufacturing strategy that companies can use to improve their operational performance. For gaining a competitive advantage, organizational agility is a crucial prerequisite. Agile manufacturing and the notion of agility refer to a manufacturer's capacity to prosper in the face of ongoing and unforeseen changes. State-owned pharmaceuticals face significant challenges adapting to the global market, as well as aligning with modern technology to deliver effective medicine at an affordable price and private multinationals' dominance of the market. Moreover, the burden imposed on state-owned pharmaceuticals to be responsive in meeting customers' demand while maintaining high standards of quality and controlling the overall costs. The pharmaceutical industry in Egypt is preparing for significant growth, which provides great opportunities to exploit. Egypt has recently been focusing on achieving self-sufficiency in medicines at various levels of the industry. This research is applied to all the state-owned pharmaceutical companies that manufacture medicines with the aim of improving their operational performance. A questionnaire was used to gather data, and 337 valid questionnaire responses were analyzed to examine the impact of implementing agile manufacturing practices on operational performance of state-owned pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Egypt. The results demonstrate a positive impact of implementing agile manufacturing on operational performance, which is consistent with previous studies.

The profitability equation can be significantly affected by a number of factors, including fluctuating international currency rates, rising raw material prices, market pressures to reduce product prices, and higher logistics expenses. Pharmaceutical companies are under continual pressure to reduce expenses without sacrificing quality. Manufacturing companies are becoming more interested in improving operational performance and reducing production costs. Businesses today have recognized the strategic necessity of lean production practices in order to increase and optimize their manufacturing productivity and cost effectiveness to remain competitive. State-owned pharmaceuticals face significant challenges adapting to the global market, as well as aligning with modern technology to deliver effective medicine at an affordable price and private multinationals' dominance of the market. Moreover, the burden imposed on state-owned pharmaceuticals to be responsive in meeting customers' demand while maintaining high standards of quality and controlling the overall costs. This research aims to test the relationship between implementing lean manufacturing and improving operational performance. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Responses from 337 usable questionnaires were analyzed in order to examine the relationship between implementing lean manufacturing practices and improving operational performance of state-owned pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Egypt. Confirming previous studies, the results show a positive relationship between implementing lean manufacturing and improving operational performance.

This study investigates the role of Green Supply Chain (GSC) practices in improving the economic performance of pharmaceutical companies in Egypt, analyzing the link between sustainable environmental practices and operational and financial efficiency. The author emphasizes that the pharmaceutical industry significantly impacts the environment through high resource consumption and chemical waste production, making the transition to green practices a strategic necessity for competitiveness and environmental compliance. Using a descriptive-analytical methodology, the research collected survey data from executives and supply chain managers across Egyptian pharmaceutical firms. Statistical analysis using multiple regression and correlation tests was employed to assess the impact of GSC practices on financial and operational performance. Results indicate that implementing green supply chain measures-such as recycling, waste reduction, biodegradable materials, and eco-friendly waste management-leads to notable reductions in operating costs and improved resource efficiency. Firms adopting explicit environmental policies demonstrate stronger long-term economic performance due to enhanced reputation and attractiveness to sustainability-focused investors. The study recommends embedding environmental sustainability into pharmaceutical supply chain strategies, applying Green Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to monitor progress, and training staff in eco-efficient management. It also calls for public-private partnerships to develop environmentally friendly industrial infrastructure that promotes innovation and reduces industrial pollution. The researcher concludes that transitioning toward green supply chains offers a genuine opportunity to boost economic and competitive performance for Egyptian pharmaceutical firms, reflecting growing awareness of the need to integrate profitability with environmental responsibility in the modern economy. Abstract Written by Dar AlMandumh, 2025, Using AI.

This study analyzes the importance of energy management in implementing Green Supply Chain (GSC) practices within Egypt's pharmaceutical industry, focusing on the impact of energy efficiency on environmental and economic performance. The author argues that achieving a truly green supply chain requires an effective energy management policy, since energy is a critical component of production, transportation, and storage operations. The study outlines the theoretical framework of energy management, defining it as the systematic measurement, monitoring, and optimization of energy use to balance cost efficiency and environmental protection. It also highlights the strong connection between energy management and industrial sustainability, emphasizing that proper energy governance reduces carbon emissions and improves operational efficiency across the entire supply chain. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the researcher collected field data from several Egyptian pharmaceutical firms via questionnaires targeting technical managers and supply chain and production executives. The data were analyzed using multiple regression models to measure the impact of energy management policies on environmental and economic performance. Results show that implementing effective energy management systems can reduce energy consumption by 10%-25%, minimize waste and harmful emissions, and improve both equipment efficiency and financial returns. Companies that adopt structured energy management policies achieve stronger environmental and economic outcomes compared to those lacking formal systems. The study concludes that energy management is a fundamental pillar of green supply chain implementation, and integrating it into sustainable industrial development strategies enhances the competitiveness of Egypt's pharmaceutical sector. The researcher recommends adopting national standards for energy management, training industrial personnel in green practices, and offering incentives for firms that commit to energy-saving and environmental protection measures. Abstract Written by Dar AlMandumh, 2025, Using AI.

Purpose - This study seeks to review the relationship of green supply chain management practices by studying its following dimensions [ green purchasing -green freight - green logistics] and achieving the competitiveness of products and services by studying the scale of competitiveness [cost - quality - on time delivery] on a sample for freight transport system particularly the Greater Cairo. Design/methodology/approach - In along with figuring out the relationship between green supply chains and competitiveness through transport system on the governorates of Greater Cairo. The study sought to determine the ease with which the concept of a green supply chain could be implemented there as well. It also sought to determine how widely the various aspects of a green supply chain management strategy were utilised. Research problem - The current market situation presents a research problem for both the government and freight forwarders that must be addressed in order to protect the environment and contribute to the achievement of sustainable development. Value - This study provides the primary empirical assessment of the relation between green supply chain management practices and increased competitiveness among a sample of transportation industry within the Arab Republic of Egypt.

Purpose - With the growing concept of green policies and increasing pressure from customers and community protection organizations, companies sought to take care of efficiency, innovation, and environmental sustainability to attain differentiation from competitors and achieve competitiveness for products and services by greening the provision chain. Research Problem-evaluating relevance between green supply chain practices and freight transport competitiveness in order to explore to how extend this relationship. Design/methodology/approach - The study used the descriptive analytical approach with the aim of accurately describing the study variables and analyzing the relationship between them to reach conclusions upon which to build the proposed scenario through which the results are recorded. The study also used in the applied part questionnaire forms that were distributed to 115 samples of managers and employees of shipping companies, and the SPSS program was used. For the Social Sciences in order to analyze the results of the questionnaire, the study concluded that there is a significant relationship between green supply chain management practices and the competitiveness of goods transportation. As the level of significance for green purchasing, green logistics, and green freight reached 0.017, 0.029, and 0.023, respectively, based on cost.

Companies increasingly exchange information to work more closely with supply chain partners; information exchange is a critical element for supply chain integration. Supply chain integration entails designing well-coordinated flows of information and materials that help firms create smooth processes throughout the extended supply chain. It includes exchange processes as well as coordination tactics between supply chain partners. Information and material flows make boundaries between supply chain parties, and enable firms to reduce uncertainty in the supply chain created by the bullwhip effect (Vanpoucke et al. 2016). Smooth flows enable firms to adopt lean processes in the supply chain, leading to more reliable order cycles and inventory reduction. The use of information technology (IT) plays a central role in enabling supply chain integration. It allows supply chain partners to increase the volume and complexity of information exchange. It also enables real-time information sharing, which increases visibility in the extended supply chain. The purpose of this research is to show the role of Information Technology on Supply Chain integration. In addition, it points out that the use of information technology (IT) has a strong positive role in supply chain integration. While the data show that the use of IT significantly improves the delivery performance in the supply chain, it also signals to managers how and when to invest in supply chain integration tactics. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the supply chain integration performance link, by clarifying some of the inconsistencies in previous literature. The literature on supply chain integration, the role of IT in supply chain integration, and the link with performance, is reviewed, and forms the theoretical foundation for the research framework. The new technologies are creating strategic opportunities for the organizations to build competitive advantages in many functional areas of management including logistics and supply chain management. The degree of success depends on the selection of the right technology to use, availability of accurate organizational infrastructure, culture and management policies (Hamzacebi et al. 2018).

The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between Information Technology and the Supply Chain Performance. Information Technology (IT) in improving the supply chain performance; specifically in logistics (Warehousing and Transportation). The results of this research demonstrate the relationship between IT and the supply chain performance in terms of cost, quality, delivery/time, and customer responsiveness, which facilitate the flow of financing, products, and information throughout the chain. On the other hand, IT contributes to improve the supply chain performance by enhancing the information flow across the supply chain. This research proposes a framework developed from the findings of literature review within the research fields of supply chain, and IT. The framework in this research may provide insights for executives who wish to implement IT systems in their businesses in order to achieve higher supply chain performance and higher integration, both within internal sectors and also with supply chain partners. This research offers new understandings by investigating the impact of IT on the supply chain performance. The results have generated clear results, that this relationship is direct. Moreover, there is scarcity in research that examines this relationship. The purpose of this research is to study this relationship while considering (IT) as a development tool to supply chains. The empirical evidence indicates that there is a direct relationship between IT and the supply chain performance. However, IT has a significant positive effect on the supply chain performance, having the highest effect on the operational measures.

Problem: The researcher found out that this sector faces many problems such as: rising of the production costs, following traditional methods in quality management techniques and operations systems, existence of several types of wastes, the inability of some textile companies to provide the markets with fashionable and customized textile finished products, and some of textile factories might cause harms to workers because of existence of unsafe, unhealthy and unorganized workplace. Objectives: The objectives of the research are to investigate the role of 7S practices implementation in the textile companies and whether it can improve its current operational performance, to examine the extent to which the textile firms depend on 7S to improve the working environment and to investigate the extent to which 7S Model can affect Operational performance and to provide a conceptual framework for future researchers for the role of using 7S practices to improve operational performance. Methodology: The researcher conducted descriptive analytical approach in this research. Descriptive by examining literature reviews, describing variables, and testing the hypotheses, and analytical by using statistical analysis and numbers to examine the relationship and effect between the independent variable 7S Model and the dependent variable operational performance. Results: The researcher found out out that 7S model has a significant and positive effect on Quality improvement. -Accepting the alternative hypothesis \"There is a significant effect of 7S Model on Quality improvement\". -Rejecting the null hypothesis \" There is no significant effect of 7S Model on Quality improvement\". Recommendations: Getting rid of the followed traditional ways of communication with employees to make their change easier in case of applying new systems in textile companies, Applying 7S model practices as one of the new quality management techniques to improve the work environment conditions and ensuring an effective security system inside the companies to avoid any unauthorized access and various types of problems.

The focus of this research is to examine the direct relationships among Supply Chain Management Practices (namely; strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, level of information sharing, agreed vision and goals and quality of information), and Operational Performance (OP) on petroleum sector in Egypt, and to propose a framework for such relationships. To achieve the objective of this research and test hypotheses, a survey tool (questionnaire) has been utilized as a data collected technique by a sample of companies in the Egyptian petroleum sector. A quantitative approach using structural equation modeling is used to test the research hypotheses. Findings revealed that strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, level of information sharing have a positive significant impact on improving operational performance of Egyptian petroleum sector.