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Background Quality is a primary concern of health care agencies worldwide. A conducive clinical training environment is essential for nursing students to be capable of enhancing their learning experiences and achieving the desired training outcomes. Aim This study aimed to examine the satisfaction and anxiety levels during clinical training among nursing students. Type of study A descriptive -analytical cross-sectional study design was utilized. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University and Colleges of Applied Medical Sciences in Alnamas and Bisha, University of Bisha. Sampling method: A convenience sampling technique was used. Sample size: a sample of 1052 undergraduate nursing students. The data was gathered via a structured questionnaire including the socio-demographic characteristics and nursing students’ satisfaction with the hospital and laboratory training. Additionally, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was adopted to measure the anxiety level. Results The mean age of the studied sample was 21.9 ± 1.83 years, and 56.9% are females. Moreover, 90.1% & 76.4% of the nursing students were satisfied with their hospital and laboratory training. Furthermore, 61.1% & 54.8% of the students had mild levels of anxiety regarding their hospital training and laboratory training, respectively. Conclusion The undergraduate nursing students had a high level of satisfaction with their clinical training at the hospitals and laboratories. Moreover, they had mild anxiety related to hospital and laboratory clinical training. Recommendations Developing clinical orientation and training programs and improvement strategies to enhance the effectiveness of the clinical training environment. The establishment of a modern, tastefully designed, and fully stocked skill lab for the college's student training should receive more attention. Clinical relevance Through the provision of ongoing education about different method of practice, nursing was intended to shape future professional nurses who master core competencies of the profession. Organizations may benefit from developing a comprehensive strategy to achieve an effective teaching program.

Background Hypertension, the first global modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, is a consequential and remediable threat to the health of individuals and society. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore the role of calcium (Ca ++ ), magnesium (Mg ++ ), and vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation as complementary therapies for hypertension, focusing on their effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse rate. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis examined relevant 6509 articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL up to October 2024. The primary outcome was the difference in blood pressure measurements (systolic and diastolic) and the pulse rate. The extracted data were analyzed using Open Meta Analyst software. Results This systematic review and meta-analysis included 40 studies; of them, 24 studies were analyzed. Ca ++ was associated with a significant drop in the DBP (MD: -2.04, 95% CI [-3.39, -0.69], P  = 0.01), but not in the SBP ( P  = 0.34) or pulse rate ( P  = 0.84). Mg ++ significantly reduced DBP (MD: -1.64, 95% CI [-3.19, -0.09], P  = 0.04), but had no significant effect on the SBP ( P  = 0.16) or pulse rate ( P  = 0.81). The estimated effect of Vit-D showed a significant reduction in SBP (MD: -2.83, 95% CI [-5.47, -0.199], P  = 0.04) and DBP (MD: -1.64, 95% CI [-2.97, -0.3], P  = 0.01). Conclusion Ca ++ and Mg ++ significantly reduced DBP but had no significant effect on SBP or the pulse rate. Whereas, vitamin D significantly reduced SBP and DBP.

Globally, dental caries remains a health concern due to their complications of pain, infection, and tooth loss. The traditional dental remineralization by using fluoride is effective but limited in advanced caries and continued treatments. While Calcium phosphate is beneficial in restoring mineral, it needs external aids to be effective. This research explores a synergistic approach to enhance tooth remineralization for a total of 72 samples by harnessing the effects of nano-chitosan, fluoride, and exposure to magnetic fields. The nano-chitosan solution is prepared using an ionic interaction method, initially without fluoride, and is subsequently mixed with fluoride at concentrations of 0.05% and 2%. The structural and morphological properties of the prepared nano-chitosan were confirmed using SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The samples were exposed to a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) of 18 mT ± 2% to assess its effect on remineralization. Demineralized teeth samples are treated by synthesized agents combined and free of exposure. Treatment efficacy is evaluated using XRD, EDX, SEM, and the Vickers microhardness test. The results showed optimal enhancement of dental enamel treated by 0.05% fluoride and ChNPs with the aid of exposure. Its morphology showed new mineral layers, likely fluorapatite, and it had the highest Ca/P ratio and maximum VHN value. These findings support the possibility of prevention of early developed lesions of teeth by this non-invasive technique with low cost. Commercially, it is suggested to assess the benefit of using PMF combined with remineralizing agents instead of high-cost materials in domestic settings.

The impact of proline, methionine, and melatonin on cauliflower plants under drought stress is still unclear in the available publications. So, this research aims to study these biochemical compounds’ effects on cauliflower plants grown under well-irrigated and drought-stressed conditions. The obtained results showed that under drought-stressed conditions, foliar application of proline, methionine, and melatonin significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content (RWC), vitamin C, proline, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, and non-reducing sugar compared to the untreated plants. These treatments also significantly increased curd height, curd diameter, curd freshness, and dry matter compared to untreated plants. Conversely, the phenolic-related enzymes including polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were significantly reduced compared to the untreated plants. A similar trend was observed in glucosinolates, abscisic acid (ABA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total phenols. Eventually, it can be concluded that the foliar application of proline, methionine, and melatonin can be considered a proper strategy for enhancing the growth performance and productivity of cauliflower grown under drought-stressed conditions.

Fluoxetine (FLX) is one of the most persistent pharmaceuticals found in wastewater due to increased use of antidepressant drugs in recent decades. In this study, a nanocomposite of ternary ZnCoAl layered double hydroxide supported on activated carbon (LAC) was used as an adsorbent for FLX in wastewater effluents. The nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and surface area analysis (BET). The adsorption investigations showed that the maximum removal capacity was achieved at pH 10, with a 0.1 g/L adsorbent dose, 50 mL volume of solution, and at a temperature of 25 °C. The FLX adsorption process followed the Langmuir–Freundlich model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 450.92 mg/g at FLX concentration of 50 µg/mL. Density functional theory (DFT) computations were used to study the adsorption mechanism of FLX and its protonated species. The safety and toxicity of the nanocomposite formed from the adsorption of FLX onto LAC (FLX-LAC) was investigated in male albino rats. Acute toxicity was evaluated using probit analysis after 2, 6, and 24 h to determine LD 50 and LD 100 values in a rat model. The FLX-LAC (20 mg/kg) significantly increased and lengthened the sleep time of the rats, which is important, especially with commonly used antidepressants, compared to the pure standard FLX (7 mg/kg), regular thiopental sodium medicine (30 mg/kg), and LAC alone (9 mg/kg). This study demonstrated the safety and longer sleeping duration in insomniac patients after single-dose therapy with FLX-LAC. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like FLX were found to have decreased side effects and were considered the first-line mood disorder therapies.

The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine has recently received emergency approval from the US FDA. The mRNA technology was used to manufacture the Pfizer vaccine; however, as a pioneering technology that has never been used in the manufacture of vaccines, many people have concerns about the vaccine's side effects. Thus, the current study aimed to track the short-term side effects of the vaccine. The information in this study was gathered by a Google Form-questionnaire (online survey). The results included the responses of 455 individuals, all of whom are Saudi Arabia inhabitants. Adverse effects of the vaccine were reported after the first and the second doses. The most common symptoms were injection site pain, headaches, flu-like symptoms, fever, and tiredness. Less common side effects were a fast heartbeat, whole body aches, difficulty breathing, joint pain, chills, and drowsiness. Rare side effects include Bell's palsy and lymph nodes swelling and tenderness. Flu-like symptoms were more common among those under 60 years of age, while injection site pain was more frequent among recipients who were 60 years and older. The study revealed a significant increase in the number of females who suffered from the vaccine side effects compared to males. Difficulty of breathing was more reported among recipients who had been previously infected with the coronavirus compared to those who had not been previously infected. Most of the side effects reported in this study were consistent with Pfizer's fact sheet for recipients and caregivers. Further studies are required to determine the long-term side effects.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) continues to pose a significant threat in Egypt, necessitating thorough analyses of FMD virus (FMDV) outbreaks. This study analyzed 144 suspected FMD cases across 52 animal collections during the years 2017–2018 and 2022. Recurrent FMD outbreaks in vaccinated dairy cattle were investigated. Clinical observation, postmortem examination, and histopathological analysis were conducted. Samples were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using group-specific in addition to serotype-specific primers, along with direct gene sequencing of the VP1 gene from positive samples, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Signs, postmortem and histopathological lesions consistent with FMD were found. Molecular identification confirmed the presence of serotype A (G-IV topotype), O (O/EA3 topotype), and serotype SAT2 (SAT2/VII/Lib-03 topotype). All detected topotypes were distinct from currently available vaccine strains. Variations in amino acid in the epitopes of the structural protein VP1 were detected. The study highlights the genetic and antigenic variability of FMDV strains circulating in Egypt, indicating potential challenges for vaccine effectiveness.

Data on the prevalence and correlates of rapid eye movement (REM)-related obstructive sleep apnea (REM-OSA) in narcolepsy remains limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and independent associated factors with OSA and REM-OSA in patients with narcolepsy, and to compare the distribution of REM-OSA between patients with narcolepsy and matched controls without narcolepsy. This retrospective study of a prospectively collected cohort included 190 adult patients with narcolepsy (narcolepsy type 1 [NT1] = 119, narcolepsy type 2 [NT2] = 71) who underwent polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test at the University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University Medical City, between January 2007 and February 2022. REM-OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5, AHI-REM/AHI-non-rapid eye movement (NREM) ≥2, AHI-NREM <8, and REM sleep duration >10.5 minutes. A total of 106 patients with narcolepsy were diagnosed with OSA. A control group of 122 patients with OSA but without narcolepsy, matched by age, sex, AHI, and BMI, was used for comparison. Logistic regression identified independent associated factors with OSA and REM-OSA. OSA was diagnosed in 106 patients with narcolepsy (55.8%). REM-OSA was present in 26.4% of these cases, with a slightly higher prevalence in NT2 (30%) than in NT1 (24%). REM-OSA showed a trend toward higher prevalence in the narcolepsy group compared to controls (26.4% vs 17.2%, OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 0.91-3.27, p = 0.09). Male sex, BMI, and arousal index were independent correlates of OSA among patients with narcolepsy. REM-OSA was independently associated with arousal index and REM sleep duration. OSA and REM-OSA are common in patients with narcolepsy. REM-OSA was more prevalent in the narcolepsy group than in matched controls, suggesting a potential association between narcolepsy and REM-OSA that warrants investigation in larger cohorts.

Background. COVID-19 is an illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Laboratory healthcare workers (LHCWs) are at highest risk for COVID-19 infection due to direct exposure to COVID-19 patients and/or infected samples. Objectives. Our primary objective in this study was to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 Ab testing as a screening tool for detecting COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic LHCWs. Our secondary aims were to establish the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 infection and subsequent asymptomatic disease and working in different areas of the laboratory. Method. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was done by different methods (rapid testing, electrochemiluminescence, and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay). The study included 199 asymptomatic LHCWs at Assiut University Hospital, Egypt, from different laboratory areas including molecular biology, microbiology, parasitology, and outpatient clinic laboratories in addition to LHCWs involved in automation, phlebotomy, rotating physicians, and those working in the sample receiving area. Results. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by rapid testing and immunoassay among asymptomatic LHCWs was 29.6% and 24.4%. Laboratory phlebotomists (55.6%) were most likely to be exposed to positive patients and samples, followed by those working in the sample receiving area (32%), LHCWs in the automation area (29.6%), rotating doctors (28.6%), and LHCWs in the diagnostic molecular biology laboratory (15.4%). The sensitivities of the rapid test and SARS-CoV-2 total antibody were 94.1% and 92%, whereas the specificities were 92.6% and 91%. Conclusion. Rapid serological testing is an effective screening method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic LHCWs and the identification of the groups of workers who have a significantly higher seroprevalence than the rest of the laboratory population.

Dispute resolution in Islamic banking presents unique legal and procedural challenges due to the dual requirement of compliance with national laws and Islamic Sharia principles. This study aims to evaluate the legal and practical effectiveness of arbitration in resolving Islamic banking disputes, particularly in terms of efficiency, compliance with Sharia, and institutional trust. A qualitative approach was employed, based on semi-structured interviews with 12 domain experts, including Islamic banking professionals, arbitrators, legal advisors, and Sharia scholars, each with 10–25 years of experience in relevant fields.The findings indicate that 83% of respondents (10 out of 12) believe arbitration is more efficient than litigation in Islamic banking disputes, particularly in terms of speed and confidentiality. 75% of participants identified the lack of codified Sharia-compliant arbitration frameworks as a major limitation to broader adoption. Meanwhile, 67% emphasized the absence of a unified Sharia Supervisory Board as a critical institutional gap affecting arbitration legitimacy. Furthermore, 58% of experts pointed to weak trust in arbitration outcomes among financial institutions as the key reason arbitration clauses are often excluded from contracts.Despite these barriers, 92% of respondents agreed that arbitration has high potential to resolve Islamic banking disputes effectively if institutional and legislative reforms are implemented. The study recommends establishing standardized arbitration protocols, enhancing regulatory oversight, and developing Sharia-aligned legal infrastructure.These insights contribute to the broader discourse on Islamic finance governance and offer practical recommendations for policymakers, arbitration centers, and financial institutions seeking to enhance dispute resolution mechanisms in line with Sharia principles. AcknowledgmentThe authors are thankful to the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at the University of Bisha for supporting this work through the Fast-Track Research Support Program.