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"Elfouly, Sabreen G."
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Meat and meat products as potential sources of emerging MDR Bacillus cereus: groEL gene sequencing, toxigenic and antimicrobial resistance
by
Elfouly, Sabreen G.
,
Alghamdi, Saad
,
Hetta, Helal F.
in
Animals
,
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
,
Antibiotics
2024
Background
Bacillus cereus
is implicated in severe foodborne infection in humans. This study intended to assess the occurrence,
gro
EL gene sequencing, biofilm production, and resistance profiles of emerged multidrug resistant (MDR)
B. cereus
in meat and meat product samples. Moreover, this work highlights the virulence and toxigenic genes (
hbl
ABCD complex,
nhe
ABC complex,
cyt
K,
ces
, and
pc-plc
) and antimicrobial resistance genes (
bla
1,
tet
A,
bla
2,
tet
B, and
erm
A).
Methods
Consequently, 200 samples (sausage, minced meat, luncheon, beef meat, and liver;
n
= 40 for each) were indiscriminately collected from commercial supermarkets in Port Said Province, Egypt, from March to May 2021. Subsequently, food samples were bacteriologically examined. The obtained isolates were tested for
gro
EL gene sequence analysis, antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm production, and PCR screening of toxigenic and resistance genes.
Results
The overall prevalence of
B. cereus
among the inspected food samples was 21%, where the highest predominance was detected in minced meat (42.5%), followed by beef meat (30%). The phylogenetic analysis of the
gro
EL gene exposed that the examined
B. cereus
strain disclosed a notable genetic identity with other strains from the USA and China. Moreover, the obtained
B. cereus
strains revealed β-hemolytic activity, and 88.1% of the recovered strains tested positive for biofilm production. PCR evidenced that the obtained
B. cereus
strains usually inherited the
nhe
complex genes (
nhe
A and
nhe
C: 100%, and
nhe
B: 83.3%), followed by
cyt
K (76.2%),
hbl
complex (
hbl
C and
hbl
D: 59.5%,
hbl
B: 16.6%, and
hbl
A: 11.9%),
ces
(54.7%), and
pc-plc
(30.9%) virulence genes. Likewise, 42.9% of the examined
B. cereus
strains were MDR to six antimicrobial classes and encoded
bla
1,
bla
2,
erm
A, and
tet
A genes.
Conclusion
In summary, this study highlights the presence of MDR
B. cereus
in meat and meat products, posing a significant public health risk. The contamination by
B. cereus
is common in minced meat and beef meat. The molecular assay is a reliable fundamental tool for screening emerging MDR
B. cereus
strains in meat and meat products.
Journal Article