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"Elisabeth Croll"
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Feminism and Socialism in China
First published in 1978, Feminism and Socialism in China explores the inter-relationship of feminism and socialism and the contribution of each towards the redefinition of the role and status of women in China. In her history of the women's movement in China from the late nineteenth century onwards, Professor Croll provides an opportunity to study its construction, its ideological and structural development over a number of decades, and its often ambiguous relationship with a parallel movement to establish socialism. Based on a variety of material including eye witness accounts, the author examines a wide range of fundamental issues, including women's class and oppression, the relation of women's solidarity groups to class organisations, reproduction and the accommodation of domestic labour, women in the labour process, and the relationship between women's participation in social production and their access to and control of political and economic resources. The book includes excerpts from studies of village and communal life, documents of the women's movement and interviews with members of the movement.
eBook
From the girl child to girls' rights
Within the development context, much of the new interest in girls has occurred under the rubric 'the girl child', which has become an increasingly common phrase on international and national platforms. This paper, based largely on field and documentary research across East, South and Southeast Asia, suggests that this platform has not translated into effective, sustained or transformative national programmes or local projects in support of girls. It also argues that the cause of girls might be served better by an emphasis on girls' rights embedded in frameworks that both gender entitlements and expectations of children and take campaigns directly into the familial environment.
Journal Article
From heaven to earth: images and experiences of development in China
Much has been written of China's peasant revolution, less has been written on the peasant experience of reform. In From Heaven to Earth Elisabeth Croll examines the images, policies and experiences of development and links the peasants' experience of revolution and reform with their conceptualisations of time and change and examines the new and recent desires which motivate peasant households in China; the new and strenuous demands which are generated by current reforms which allocate new responsibilities to the peasant family; and family strategies evolved by peasant housholds to maximise their resources within the context of reformed rural development. From Heaven to Earth will be of great interest to students, lecturers and professionals in development studies, anthropology, sociology and Chinese Studies.
eBook
Social Welfare Reform: Trends and Tensions
The acceleration of economic reform in the early and late 1990s has highlighted repeatedly the importance of social welfare for maintaining economic growth, social stability and political authority. Indeed each of these decade-long goals of China's government can be seen to rest on either establishing or maintaining an accessible social welfare package. Economic growth requires further enterprise reform which in turn requires alternative forms and funding of worker social welfare. Sporadic reports of urban unrest resulting from lay-offs and loss of welfare benefits and of rural discontent resulting from the continued absence of welfare benefits suggests that social stability and political authority are dependent on the government's ability to reform social welfare provisioning. Simultaneously the process of economic reform itself has altered urban and rural socio-economic and political environments and had far-reaching consequences for welfare demand, service supply and notions of security.
Journal Article
Bush Base: Forest Farm
Taking a unique anthropological apprach, Bush Base: Forest Farm explores the management of resources in third would development programmes. The contributors, all distinguished anthropologists with practical experience of development projects, focus on the role of human cultural imagination in the use of environmental resources. They challenge the traditional sharp distinction between human settlement and natual environment (farm or camp, forest or bush), and argue that development programmes should place at their centre an appreciation of people's cosmologies and cultural understandings.
eBook
Endangered Daughters
This unique and groundbreaking book seeks to re-focus gender debate onto the issue of daughter discrimination - a phenomenon still hidden and unacknowledged across the world. It asks the controversial question of why millions of girls do not appear to be surviving to adulthood in contemporary Asia. In the first major study available of this emotive and sensitive issue, Elisabeth Croll investigates the extent of discrimination against female children in Asia and shifts the focus of attention firmly from son-preference to daughter-discrimination. This book brings together demographic data and anthropological field studies to reveal the multiple ways in which girls are disadvantaged, from excessive child mortality to the withholding of health care and education on the basis of gender. Focusing especially on China and India, the book reveals the surprising coincidence of increasing daughter discrimination with rising economic development, declining fertility and the generally improved status of women in East and South Asia. Essential reading for all those interested in gender in contemporary society.
1. A Weaker Destiny: Daughter discrimination 1.1 Son Preference 1.2 Daughter DIscrimination 1.3 Family Planning 1.4 Gender Reasoning 1.5 Targeting Daughters 2. Demographic Narratives: 'Missing Girls' 2.1 China 2.2 Republic of Korea 2.3 Taiwan 2.4 Vietnam 2.5 India 2.6 Bangladesh 2.7 Pakistan 3. Ethnographic Voices: Disappointing daughters 3.1 China: Wishing for a son 3.2 Welcoming a Son 3.3 Rural Demands, Urban Preference 3.4 Daughter Neglect 3.5 India: The quest for a son 3.6 A Lesser Welcome 3.7 Neglect and survival 4. The Generations 4.1 Expectations and entitlements for planning families 4.2 The Inter-generational Contract 4.3 Son-parent support 4.4 Double-loss Daughters 4.5 Daughter Entitlements 4.6 Familial Exclusion 5. Interpreting Gender: Hierarchy and Difference 5.1 Cultures of Gender 5.2 Divisions of Labour 5.3 Gendered Perceptions 5.4 Gender Development 6. The Girl Child: Agendas and campaigns 6.1 Girls' Rights 6.2 The Girl Child 6.3 India's Girl Child 6.4 China's Girl Child 7. Daughter Empowerment: A new destiny?
eBook
Migration For and Against Agriculture in Eight Chinese Villages
The unprecedented scale of permanent and temporary migration in China today, with estimates at any one time amounting to close to 120 million persons, is simultaneously a spontaneous response to or consequence of economic reform and increasingly a de facto component of government policy. Given the dimensions of this population movement and its socio–economic and political significance it is not surprising that migration in China has become an important item for research both within and outside China. This research is usually conducted at the macro–level and made up of a number of components, including investigations of the origins, characteristics, motivation and welfare of migrants; the factors motivating migrants outwards; the factors pulling migrants towards their destinations; and the repercussions of migration for host populations, social stability and social order..
Journal Article