Explore the vast range of titles available.

In the past couple of years, hybrid nanofluids have garnered substantial attention due to their augmented flow and thermal properties. When such fluids propagate through a pipe, they reveal characteristics that make them applicable in a variety of different fields for geothermal energy extraction. Hence, this article presents a discussion on the behavior of hybrid nanofluid flow using a model based on third-grade sodium alginate. Sodium alginate has the potential to be used in the extraction of geothermal energy. To investigate the current flow, two kinds of nanoparticles are proposed: zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO). Additionally, the effects of electric and magnetic fields are taken into consideration in the current flow. The fully evolved, incompressible fluid is moving through a pipe. The energy equation takes into consideration a variety of factors, including viscous dissipation and joule heating. The homotopy perturbation approach is used for obtaining the series solutions of nonlinear differential equations (DEs). The resultant differential equations have been solved up to third-order solutions. It is worth concluding that the electric field and the thermal Grashof number significantly impact the velocity profile, resulting in a solid symmetrical pattern. The nanoparticles increased the fluid’s viscosity, perhaps slowing it down. The integration of nanoparticles decreases the amount of the thermal profile over the whole pipe. Still, when copper oxide nanoparticles are absent, the thermal profile is at its most considerable magnitude. The pressure decreases equally impact the velocity and thermal properties.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the particle shape effects on Marangoni convection boundary layer flow of a nanofluid. The paper aims to discuss diverse issues befell for the said model. Design/methodology/approach The work undertaken is a blend of numerical and analytical studies. Analytical and numerical solutions of nonlinear coupled equations are developed by means of Mathematica package BVPh 2.0 based on the homotopy analysis method. Findings The velocity of nanofluid decreases by increasing particle volume friction and similarity parameters. With the increase in particle volume friction and similarity parameter, temperature profile is correspondingly enhanced and decline. The lowest velocity and highest temperature of nanofluid is cause by needle- and disc-shaped particle. Consequence for interface velocity and the surface temperature gradient are perceived by numeric set of results. It is found that the interface velocity is declined by increasing particle volume friction and volume concentration of ethylene glycol in the water. The minimum interface velocity is seen by needle-shaped particle and 30 percent concentrations of ethylene glycol. With increase in volume friction and size of particle, the behaviors of surface temperature gradient are found decreasing and increasing function, respectively. The maximum heat transfer rate at the surface is achieved when we chose sphere nanoparticles and 90 percent concentrations of ethylene glycol as compared to other shapes and concentrations. Originality/value This model is investigated for the first time, as the authors know.

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate a mathematical model with numerical simulation for bacterial growth in the heart valve.Design/methodology/approachFor antibacterial activities and antibodies properties, nanoparticles have been used. As antibiotics are commonly thought to be homogeneously dispersed through the blood, therefore, non-Newtonian fluid of Casson micropolar blood flow in the heart valve for two dimensional with variable properties is used. The heat transfer with induced magnetic field translational attraction under the influence of slip is considered for the resemblance of the heart valve prosthesis. The numeral results have been obtained by using the Chebyshev pseudospectral method.FindingsIt is proven that vascular resistance decreases for increasing blood velocity. It is noted that when the magnetic field will be induced from the heart valve prosthesis then it may cause a decrease in vascular resistance. The unbounded molecules and antibiotic concentration that are able to penetrate the bacteria are increased by increasing values of vascular resistance. The bacterial growth density cultivates for upswing values of magnetic permeability and magnetic parameters.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate a mathematical model with numerical simulation for bacterial growth in the heart valve.

The current analysis reveals unreported properties of the two-layer flow of dual convective magneto-hydrodynamic viscous nanofluid and Powell–Eyring in flexible concentric cylinders in the existing literature. The transmission of two immiscible fluids involving viscous nanofluid in the peripheral region and Powell–Eyring fluid in the core region is analyzed. The flow is induced by a sinusoidal wave that is propagated on the compliant wall. Over the outer cylinder, concentration and temperature are supposed to be greater than in the inner cylinder. The fluid flow of each phase involves continuity equation, momentum, heat transfer and mass transfer equations with the addition of electromagnetic effect. At interface, the continuity of velocity, stress, temperature are considered. In order to construct the model that includes mass and heat transport for both regions, long wavelength and creeping flow are assumed. The calculations are made against the resultant equations by using homotopy perturbation method. The outcomes of simulation for significant physical parameters are described and illustrated graphically. The graphical analysis shows that the electric and magnetic parameter changes in opposite manner for both temperature and velocity profiles. Both regions exhibit an increase in fluid temperature along with a rise in Brickman number.

Purpose This study aims to model the important flow response quantities over a shrinking wedge with the help of response surface methodology (RSM) and an artificial neural network (ANN). An ANN simulation for optimal thermal transport of incompressible viscous fluid under the impact of the magnetic effect (MHD) over a shrinking wedge with sensitivity analysis and optimization with RSM has yet not been investigated. This effort is devoted to filling the gap in existing literature. Design/methodology/approach A statistical experimental design is a setup with RSM using a central composite design (CCD). This setup involves the combination of values of input parameters such as porosity, shrinking and magnetic effect. The responses of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are required against each parameter combination of the experimental design, which is computed by solving the simplified form of the governing equations using bvp4c (a built-in technique in MATLAB). An empirical model for Cfx and Nux using RSM and ANN adopting the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm based on trained neural networks (LMA-TNN) is attained. The empirical model for skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number using RSM has 99.96% and 99.99% coefficients of determination, respectively. Findings The values of these matrices show the goodness of fit for these quantities. The authors compared the results obtained from bvp4c, RSM and ANN and found them all to be in good agreement. A sensitivity analysis is performed, which shows that Cfx as well as Nux are most affected by porosity. However, they are least affected by magnetic parameters. Originality/value This study aims to simulate ANN and sensitivity analysis for optimal thermal transport of magnetic viscous fluid over shrinking wedge.

Purpose This paper aims to deal with the heat transmission of Sutterby fluid-containing gyrotactic microorganism by incorporating non-Darcy resistance law. The mathematical modeling is based on nanoparticle concentration, energy, momentum and motile microorganism equations. Design/methodology/approach The governing nonlinear coupled equations are first rendered into nonlinear ordinary equations using appropriate transformation and are then solved analytically by using the optimal homotopy. Findings Graphical illustration of results depict the behavior of flow involved physical parameters on temperature, gyrotactic microorganism, concentration and velocity. Additionally, local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are computed numerically and validated through comparison with existing literature as a special case of proposed model. It is found that the temperature profile decreases by increasing values of Brownian-motion parameter and Prandtl number. An increase in thermophoresis parameter and Schmidt number results in decrease in concentration of nanoparticles. Bioconvection Peclet number corresponds to decreasing behavior of nondimensional gyrotactic microorganism field is observed. Finally, a comparison with the existing literature is made, and an excellent agreement is seen. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is reported for the first time.

Purpose This study aims to deal with entropy generation and thermal analysis of magnetic hybrid nanofluid containing silver and gold as nanoparticles (Au-Ag/NPs) in the Eyring–Powell fluid. Design/methodology/approach The blood is used as a base fluid to study the rheological effects in a wavy asymmetric channel. The effect of viscous dissipation is also taken into account. The mathematical model is developed using the lubrication technique. The perturbation method is used to solve the nondimensional nonlinear differential equations, whereas the pumping properties have been analyzed using numerical integration. Findings The impact of entropy generation, Brinkman number, Hartmann number, nanoparticles volume fraction, thermal Grashof number, Brinkman number and Eyring–Powell fluid parameter is examined on the velocity profile, temperature profile and pumping characteristics. It is observed that the introduction of gold and silver nanoparticles boosts the velocity field in a smaller segment of the channel. The temperature profile rises for the increasing values of Hartmann number, Brinkman number and nanoparticle volume fractions while the temperature profile is restrained by the Eyring–Powell fluid parameter. The pumping rate rises in all sections as the thermal Grashof number and Hartmann number increase; however, the Eyring–Powell fluid parameter has the reverse effect. The volume of the trapping boluses is significantly affected by the Eyring–Powell fluid parameter, thermal Grashof number and fluid parameter. Originality/value The results are original and contribute to discover the role of hybrid nanoparticles under the influence of entropy generation viscous dissipation and magnetic fields. Pharmaceutical technology may use this research for things like better mucoadhesive drug delivery systems and more productive peristaltic micropumps.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to theoretically study the problem of the peristaltic flow of Jeffrey fluid in a non-uniform rectangular duct under the effects of Hall and ion slip. An incompressible and magnetohydrodynamics fluid is also taken into account. The governing equations are modelled under the constraints of low Reynolds number and long wave length. Recent development in biomedical engineering has enabled the use of the periastic flow in modern drug delivery systems with great utility. Design/methodology/approach – Numerical integration is used to analyse the novel features of volumetric flow rate, average volume flow rate, instantaneous flux and the pressure gradient. The impact of physical parameters is depicted with the help of graphs. The trapping phenomenon is presented through stream lines. Findings – The results of Newtonian fluid model can be obtained by taking out the effects of Jeffrey parameter from this model. No-slip case is a special case of the present work. The results obtained for the flow of Jeffrey fluid reveal many interesting behaviours that warrant further study on the non-Newtonian fluid phenomena, especially the shear-thinning phenomena. Shear-thinning reduces the wall shear stress. Originality/value – The results of this paper are new and original.

We first formulate the mixed backward in time problem in the context of thermoelasticity for dipolar materials. To prove the consistency of this mixed problem, our first main result is regarding the uniqueness of the solution for this problem. This is obtained based on some auxiliary results, namely, four integral identities. The second main result is regarding the temporal behavior of our thermoelastic body with a dipolar structure. This behavior is studied by means of some relations on a partition of various parts of the energy associated to the solution of the problem.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the simultaneous effects of Hafnium particles and partially submerged metallic particles for the flow of bi-phase coupled stress fluid over an inclined flat plane. Design/methodology/approach An unflinching free stream flow that stretches far from the surface of the plane with the possibility of containing some partially submerged metallic particles is considered. Innovative model has been proposed and designed using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method. Findings The findings show that the drag force resists the couple stress fluid, whereas the Newtonian flow is supported by increasing the velocity. For both types of flows, movement of the particle is retarded gradually against the drag force coefficient. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this model is reported for the first time.