Explore the vast range of titles available.

This study presents the utilization of mill scale waste, which has attracted much attention due to its high content of magnetite (Fe3O4). This work focuses on the extraction of Fe3O4 from mill scale waste via magnetic separation, and ball milling was used to fabricate a microwave absorber. The extracted magnetic powder was ground-milled using two different techniques: (i) a conventional milling technique (CM) and (ii) mechanical alloying (MM) process. The Fe3O4/CM samples were prepared by a conventional milling process using steel pot ball milling, while the Fe3O4/MM samples were prepared using a high-energy ball milling (HEBM) method. The effect of milling time on the structural, phase composition, and electromagnetic properties were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a vector network analyzer (VNA). XRD confirmed the formation of magnetite after both the magnetic separation and milling processes. The results revealed that Fe3O4 exhibited excellent microwave absorption properties because of the synergistic characteristics of its dielectric and magnetic loss. The results showed that the Fe3O4/CM particle powder had a greater absorption power (reflection loss: <−10 dB) with 99.9% absorption, a minimum reflection loss of −30.83 dB, and an effective bandwidth of 2.30 GHz for 2 mm thick samples. The results revealed the Fe3O4/MM powders had higher absorption properties, including a higher RL of −20.59 dB and a broader bandwidth of 2.43 GHz at a matching thickness of only 1 mm. The higher microwave absorption performance was attributed to the better impedance matching property caused by the porous microstructure. Furthermore, the magnetite, Fe3O4 showed superior microwave absorption characteristics because of the lower value of permittivity, which resulted in better impedance matching. This study presents a low-cost approach method by reutilizing mill scale waste to fabricate a high purity crystalline Fe3O4 with the best potential for designing magnetic nano-sized based microwave absorbers.

This study by Madiha Fathi Elmahaishi explores the role of visualisation and imagery as powerful tools for science communication and education, emphasizing that visual representation is not supplementary but a primary language of scientific meaning. Through a conceptual and applied analysis, the paper examines how diagrams, simulations, and scientific images-across disciplines such as physics, chemistry, nanoscience, and biotechnology-enhance comprehension, engagement, and memory retention. Elmahaishi argues that visualization serves as a cognitive bridge between abstraction and understanding, transforming invisible processes into perceptible forms. The study stresses that the effectiveness of scientific imagery lies in the balance between aesthetic clarity and conceptual accuracy, warning against oversimplification that can distort content. Ethical and pedagogical concerns, such as visual bias and misinterpretation, are also addressed, with recommendations for critical visual literacy training among educators and researchers. Ultimately, the research concludes that imagery has become an integral component of scientific reasoning, not merely a didactic aid. Integrating visual tools into science education fosters creative, conceptual thinking and strengthens the dialogue between science and society in the digital age. Abstract Written by Dar AlMandumh, 2025, Using AI