Explore the vast range of titles available.

This study explores the optimization of iron electrocoagulation for treating laundry greywater, which accounts for up to 38% of domestic greywater. Characterized by high concentrations of surfactants, detergents, and suspended solids, laundry greywater presents complex challenges for treatment processes, posing significant environmental and health risks. Utilizing response surface methodology (RSM), this research developed a second-order polynomial regression model focused on key operational parameters such as the area-to-volume ratio (A/V), current density, electrolysis time, and settling time. Optimal treatment conditions were identified: an A/V ratio of 30 m 2 /m 3 , a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 , an electrolysis duration of 50 min, and a settlement period of 12 h. Under these conditions, exceptional treatment outcomes were achieved, with turbidity removal reaching 94.26% and COD removal at 99.64%. The model exhibited high effectiveness for turbidity removal, with an R 2 value of 94.16%, and moderate effectiveness for COD removal, with an R 2 value of 75.90%. The interaction between the A/V ratio and electrolysis time particularly underscored their critical role in electrocoagulation system design. Moreover, these results highlight the potential for optimizing electrocoagulation parameters to adapt to daily fluctuations in greywater production and meet specific household reuse needs, such as toilet flushing. This tailored approach aims to maximize contaminant separation and coagulant efficiency, balance energy use and operational costs, and contribute to sustainable water management.

The occurrence of sand and dust storms (SDSs) is essential for the geochemical cycling of nutrients; however, it is considered a meteorological hazard common to arid regions because of the adverse impacts that SDSs brings with them. One common implication of SDSs is the transport and disposition of aerosols coated with anthropogenic contaminants. Studies have reported the presence of such contaminants in desert dust; however, similar findings related to ubiquitous emerging contaminants, such as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been relatively scarce in the literature. This article reviews and identifies the potential sources of dust-associated PFAS that can accumulate and spread across SDS-prone regions. Furthermore, PFAS exposure routes and their toxicity through bioaccumulation in rodents and mammals are discussed. The major challenge when dealing with emerging contaminants is their quantification and analysis from different environmental media, and these PFAS include known and unknown precursors that need to be quantified. Consequently, a review of various analytical methods capable of detecting different PFAS compounds embedded in various matrices is provided. This review will provide researchers with valuable information relevant to the presence, toxicity, and quantification of dust-associated PFAS to develop appropriate mitigation measures.

This study explores the electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of high-loaded gray water (HLGW), with the goal of optimizing operating parameters such as current densities ( C d ) and EC time. Moreover, the research examines the kinetics involved in the removal of COD, color, and turbidity from HLGW. Various HLGW samples were treated at different current densities over a 90-min EC period. Kinetic analysis shows that COD removal follows a second-order model, while turbidity and color removal adhere to a pseudo-first-order model, with parameters dependent on C d . The findings indicate that pollutant removal improves with longer EC treatment times and higher C d values. At lower C d levels, removal efficiencies for COD and color are relatively low, even with a 90-min EC treatment. However, at a higher C d (20 mA/cm 2 ), there is a substantial increase in removal efficiency, with 85% removal for both COD and color within the same duration. Turbidity is completely removed when the C d is set to 10 mA/cm 2 after 45 min of EC treatment. These results highlight that achieving high pollutant removal from HLGW requires high energy consumption. As a result, combining EC with other processes, either as a pre-treatment or post-treatment step, may address the challenges faced by standalone EC systems. Using response surface methodology (RSM), optimal operating conditions were determined, achieving pollutant removals of 76.4% for COD, 80.5% for color, and 98.5% for turbidity, with a minimum energy consumption of 5.07 kWh/m 3 at an EC time of 44 min and a C d of 15.5 mA/cm 2 .

Mature Fine Tailings (MFT) generated from oil sands processing represent a growing environmental issue, as settling of these tailings’ emulsion can take decades, increasing the risk of the toxic material’s leaching if left untreated. This study uses advanced wet air oxidation (WAO) and wet air peroxide oxidation (WAPO) to break down the MFT emulsions for faster settling. Three oxidation time intervals (5, 15, and 30 min) were investigated using compressed air and hydrogen peroxide in a pressurized vessel of 3.1–3.4 MPa internal pressure and at 200 °C temperature. The results showed that the WAO process was able to break the MFT emulsion, release trapped water, and recover residual bitumen. The WAPO process was much faster in breaking the emulsion; however, the presence of extra oxidants also resulted in the degradation of the residual bitumen. The 5 min oxidation time interval was found to be sufficient in breaking emulsions, separating water from soil particles, and recovering residual bitumen under the tested conditions. The oxidation process proved to be efficient by degrading all inorganic carbon, whereas 70% of the dissolved organic carbon in the recovered water after oxidation comprised only low molecular weight biodegradable hydrocarbons. Therefore, the WAO process was capable of breaking the MFT emulsions and allowing a faster settling of these tailings, with the added benefit of recovering residual bitumen.

Mature Fine Tailings (MFT) generated from oil sands processing represent a growing environmental issue, as settling of these tailings’ emulsion can take decades, increasing the risk of the toxic material’s leaching if left untreated. This study uses advanced wet air oxidation (WAO) and wet air peroxide oxidation (WAPO) to break down the MFT emulsions for faster settling. Three oxidation time intervals (5, 15, and 30 min) were investigated using compressed air and hydrogen peroxide in a pressurized vessel of 3.1–3.4 MPa internal pressure and at 200 °C temperature. The results showed that the WAO process was able to break the MFT emulsion, release trapped water, and recover residual bitumen. The WAPO process was much faster in breaking the emulsion; however, the presence of extra oxidants also resulted in the degradation of the residual bitumen. The 5 min oxidation time interval was found to be sufficient in breaking emulsions, separating water from soil particles, and recovering residual bitumen under the tested conditions. The oxidation process proved to be efficient by degrading all inorganic carbon, whereas 70% of the dissolved organic carbon in the recovered water after oxidation comprised only low molecular weight biodegradable hydrocarbons. Therefore, the WAO process was capable of breaking the MFT emulsions and allowing a faster settling of these tailings, with the added benefit of recovering residual bitumen.

This is a review of the literature published in 2018 related to the prevention of water pollution by or recovery of beneficial materials from wastewater produced in the pulp and paper industry. This review includes the following main sections: cleaner production, biological treatment, and physico-chemical treatment.

This is a review of literature published in 2017 related to the prevention of water pollution by or recovery of beneficial materials from wastewater produced in the pulp and paper industry. This review includes the following main sections: cleaner production, biological treatment, and physico-chemical treatment.