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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant diseases. Recently, there has been an increased focus on using nanotechnology to resolve most of the limitations in conventional chemotherapy. Niosomes have great advantages that overcome the drawbacks associated with other lipid drug delivery systems. They are simple, cheap, and highly stable nanocarriers. This study investigated the effectiveness of using niosomes with their amphiphilic characteristics in the incorporation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic anticancer drugs for CRC treatment. Methods: Drug-free niosomes were formulated using a response surface D-optimal factorial design to study the cholesterol molar ratio, surfactant molar ratio and surfactant type effect on the particle size and Z-potential of the prepared niosomes. After numerical and statistical optimization, an optimized formulation having a particle size of 194.4 ± 15.5 nm and a Z-potential of 31.8 ± 1.9 mV was selected to be loaded with Oxaliplatin and Paclitaxel separately in different concentrations. The formulations with the highest entrapment efficiency (EE%) were evaluated for their drug release using the dialysis bag method, in vitro antitumor activity on HT-29 colon cancer cell line and apoptosis activity. Results: Niosomes prepared using d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) at a molar ratio 4, cholesterol (2 molar ratio) and loaded with 1 molar ratio of either Oxaliplatin or Paclitaxel provided nanosized vesicles (278.5 ± 19.7 and 251.6 ± 18.1 nm) with a Z-potential value (32.7 ± 1.01 and 31.69 ± 0.98 mV) with the highest EE% (90.57 ± 2.05 and 93.51 ± 2.97) for Oxaliplatin and Paclitaxel, respectively. These formulations demonstrated up to 48 h drug release and increased the in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis efficiency of both drugs up to twice as much as free drugs. Conclusion: These findings suggest that different formulation composition parameters can be adjusted to obtain nanosized niosomal vesicles with an accepted Z-potential. These niosomes could be loaded with either hydrophilic drugs such as Oxaliplatin or hydrophobic drugs such as Paclitaxel. Drug-loaded niosomes, as a unique nanomicellar system, could enhance the cellular uptake of both drugs, resulting in enhanced cytotoxic and apoptosis effects against HT-29 colon cancer cells. Oxaliplatin–niosomes and Paclitaxel–niosomes can be considered promising alternative drug delivery systems with enhanced bioavailability of these two anticancer drugs for colorectal cancer treatment.

Introduction In this manuscript, we evaluated the clinicopathological features of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN), a unique type of appendiceal tumors. Methods This is a retrospective study that included patients with LAMN who were presented to our center from January 2008 to December 2024. The epidemiological, clinical, pathological, therapeutic, and prognostic data were analyzed. Results A total of 68 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 55.8 years. Forty patients (58.8%) had pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) at the time of diagnosis. Surgical cytoreduction was used in 44 patients (65.7%), while appendectomy was performed in 23 patients (34.3%). HIPEC was used only in fifteen patients (22.4%). Gross perforation was identified in 7 cases (10.3%). While microscopically, micro-perforation or rupture was noted in 20 patients (29.4%). Adjuvant systemic treatment was used in 50% of the patients. Over a median follow-up of 18 months, recurrence occurred in 21 patients (31.8%), while five patients (7.4%) developed distant metastasis. Mortality rate was 20.5% (n=14), including five patients who died postoperatively, while nine showed tumor-related mortality. On univariate analysis, only adjuvant treatments showed statistically significant correlation with the incidence of recurrence (p=0.007). Conclusions The higher recurrence and mortality rates observed in our cohort compared with recent literature reflect the advanced disease burden and lower utilization of HIPEC. Future work should aim to refine patient selection for HIPEC, standardize operative approaches to minimize recurrence risk, and explore the role of adjuvant systemic therapy in reducing disease progression.

Magnesium sulfate is used as prophylaxis and treatment of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia, albeit its safety and toxicity are a concern. We designed this study to estimate the incidence of critical hypermagnesemia in severely preeclamptic women under a magnesium sulfate regimen at 8 h following its administration and to identify the associated risk factors as the primary outcomes. Also, secondary outcomes were to compare baseline characteristics, laboratory findings, and maternal-neonatal complications stratified by the baseline serum magnesium (Mg 2+ ) in those women, and to assess the degree of agreement between patellar reflex and serum Mg 2+ concentration 8 h following magnesium sulfate administration. We conducted a retrospective study including severely preeclamptic women receiving magnesium sulfate from June 2016 to May 2021. We enrolled 429 women in the study. Two-hundred sixty-one (60.8%) of the included women developed critical hypermagnesemia. Preeclamptic women with high baseline serum Mg 2+ concentration demonstrated significantly affected renal functions, hepatic transaminase activities, and low platelet count as well as more reported maternal complications compared to those with low baseline serum Mg 2 . Multivariable logistic regression revealed that a lower gestational age, a higher uric acid concentration, and a higher baseline serum Mg 2+ concentration were independently associated with an increased risk of critical hypermagnesemia. The agreement between deep tendon reflex assessment and serum Mg 2+ concentration was slight although not significant. The maternal-neonatal outcomes were non-significant in women with critical hypermagnesemia. More vigilant monitoring through assessment of both serum Mg 2+ concentration and deep tendon reflex should be considered especially in high-risk women.

Ethanol (EtOH) consumption is frequently associated with acute and chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Rosuvastatin (RSV), a third-generation statin, has demonstrated certain biological functions beyond its lipid-lowering properties. This study is designed to explore the gastroprotective impact of RSV in a rat model of EtOH-induced gastric ulceration in a dose-dependent manner through the evaluation of oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, inflammatory myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ) levels in gastric tissues, along with histopathological examination of the gastric tissues. Therefore, 40 adult male rats were randomly divided into five equal groups as control, EtOH (gastric ulcer), RSV-low dose plus EtOH and RSV-high dose plus EtOH. The EtOH rat model of gastric ulceration was achieved by intragastric administration of a single dose of EtOH. Seven days before EtOH administration, rats were orally administered either omeprazole (20 mg/kg/day) or RSV (10 mg/kg/day or 20 mg/kg/day). RSV administration enhanced the antioxidant glutathione reduced, countered oxidative malondialdehyde, augmented cytoprotective PGE 2 , suppressed inflammatory MPO enzyme activity in gastric tissues, decreased ulcer index scoring, increased the percentage of ulcer inhibition, and reversed the associated histological and ultrastructural abnormalities, additionally, RSV treatment resulted in weak positive nuclear staining for the inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B in a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that RSV demonstrates gastroprotective potential, attributable at least in part, to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its ability to promote ulcer protection through the maintenance of mucosal content and PGE 2 levels. Thus, RSV therapy emerges as a safe option for patients with gastric ulcers.

Caustic ingestion is a potentially detrimental event that can cause serious devastating damage on contact with tissues. Local exposure is associated with severe pain, swelling and ulceration. Caustics-induced oral ulcers can be painful enough to compromise the patient’s quality of life. Treatment of oral ulcers is crucial in clinical practice. Albeit, some ulcers do not respond adequately to the conventional treatment. The current study was conducted to evaluate the potential healing effects of topical Salvadora persica (SP) extract, low-level laser (LLL) and high-level laser (HLL) therapies in a rabbit model of caustic-induced tongue ulcers and explore the underlying mechanisms. Fifty male rabbits with a caustic induced tongue ulcers were included in the study. Rabbits were equally divided into four groups: positive control (ulcer) group, SP, LLL and HLL groups in addition to the negative control (healthy) group. All treatments were given thrice weekly for 14 days. Results showed that acetic acid-induced tongue ulcers caused extensive structural tongue damage secondary to overexpression of apoptotic BAX, pathological angiogenesis indicated by VEGF overexpression, marked collagen fibers deposition as well as upregulation of tissue pro-inflammatory TNF-α and upregulation of tissue anti-inflammatory IL-10. The healing potential of topical SP, LLL and HLL therapy are mostly comparable. In conclusion, acetic acid-induced extensive tongue damage. Topical SP extract, LLL and HLL are equally effective therapies against caustics-induced tongue ulcers. However, we recommend SP extract, owing to its safety, non-invasiveness, availability and low cost.

Caustic ingestion is a potentially detrimental event that can cause serious devastating damage on contact with tissues. Local exposure is associated with severe pain, swelling and ulceration. Caustics-induced oral ulcers can be painful enough to compromise the patient’s quality of life. Treatment of oral ulcers is crucial in clinical practice. Albeit, some ulcers do not respond adequately to the conventional treatment. The current study was conducted to evaluate the potential healing effects of topical Salvadora persica (SP) extract, low-level laser (LLL) and high-level laser (HLL) therapies in a rabbit model of caustic-induced tongue ulcers and explore the underlying mechanisms. Fifty male rabbits with a caustic induced tongue ulcers were included in the study. Rabbits were equally divided into four groups: positive control (ulcer) group, SP, LLL and HLL groups in addition to the negative control (healthy) group. All treatments were given thrice weekly for 14 days. Results showed that acetic acid-induced tongue ulcers caused extensive structural tongue damage secondary to overexpression of apoptotic BAX, pathological angiogenesis indicated by VEGF overexpression, marked collagen fibers deposition as well as upregulation of tissue pro-inflammatory TNF-α and upregulation of tissue anti-inflammatory IL-10. The healing potential of topical SP, LLL and HLL therapy are mostly comparable. In conclusion, acetic acid-induced extensive tongue damage. Topical SP extract, LLL and HLL are equally effective therapies against caustics-induced tongue ulcers. However, we recommend SP extract, owing to its safety, non-invasiveness, availability and low cost.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the interaction and the nature of relation between corporate dividend policy, earnings per share and the market price of the stock and planning of the corporate toward tax aggressiveness using interest coverage ratio as an intermediary variable. Ordinary least square regression model has been applied on panel data, it has been used to examine the required impact and to see how tax aggressiveness is significantly - and in what direction - affected by the management decision (agency theory) toward dividends payout and how the earnings per share and stock market price affect the tax planning in Egypt using a sample of 48 non-financial listed companies for the period of 2012-2019. This research runs three multiple regression models to examine the relationships between research variables. In cross-sectional tests, the statistical results indicate that earnings per share have a positive significant impact on interest coverage, while dividend payout, return on assets, return on equity and gross profit margin have a significant negative relationship with interest coverage. The findings revealed that also that dividend payout; earnings per share, return on assets and gross profit margin have a positive significant impact on tax aggressiveness, while stock market price and return on equity have a significant negative relationship with tax aggressiveness. Furthermore, it was found that return on assets and gross profit margin have a positive significant impact on tax aggressiveness, while interest coverage and return on equity have a significant negative relationship with tax aggressiveness. These results are important for investors who are most concern about the financial conditions of firms they are planning to invest in especially in emerging markets like Egypt. Firm's financial conditions determine the associated risks and, in turn the required rate of returns in terms of dividends payout and the share market price.