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Topical delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs is an important strategy for enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. This study focuses on improving the anti-inflammatory activity of Dexketoprofen by developing zein nanoparticles (ZNs) as a novel topical carrier system, aiming to optimize drug delivery and patient outcomes. Dexketoprofen-loaded ZNs were prepared using an ethanol injection technique and optimized via a 2 full factorial design. The effects of three variables-phosphatidylcholine (PC) amount (X ), type of surface-active agent (SAA, X ), and SAA amount (X )-were evaluated on entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). Design-Expert® software was employed to identify the optimal formulation. Additionally, molecular docking studies were performed to explore interactions between Dexketoprofen and formulation components. The selected formulation (F7) was further characterized for morphology using scanning electron microscopy. efficacy was assessed using a formalin-induced paw edema model in rats, and histopathological analysis was conducted to evaluate skin irritation potential. The optimal formulation (F7), prepared with 200 mg PC and 20 mg Pluronic F127, demonstrated an entrapment efficiency of 92.44 ± 7.21%, particle size of 91.88 ± 3.01 nm, PDI of 0.42 ± 0.02, and zeta potential of -24.10 ± 0.29 mV. F7 exhibited a smooth, spherical morphology. studies revealed significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory activity compared to free Dexketoprofen. Histopathological examination confirmed the non-irritant nature of the formulated ZNs on rat skin. These findings highlight the effectiveness of zein nanoparticles as a promising topical delivery system for Dexketoprofen. The optimized ZNs not only improved drug entrapment and stability but also provided superior anti-inflammatory efficacy and excellent skin tolerability, suggesting their potential for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1560585.].

Heavy metal toxicity is an important issue owing to its harmful influence on fish. Hence, this study is a pioneer attempt to verify the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a magnetite (Fe3O4) nanogel (MNG) in mitigating waterborne lead (Pb) toxicity in African catfish. Fish (n = 160) were assigned into four groups for 45 days. The first (control) and second (MNG) groups were exposed to 0 and 1.2 mg L−1 of MNG in water. The third (Pb) and fourth (MNG + Pb) groups were exposed to 0 and 1.2 mg L−1 of MNG in water and 69.30 mg L−1 of Pb. In vitro, the MNG caused a dramatic drop in the Pb level within 120 h. The Pb-exposed group showed the lowest survival (57.5%) among the groups, with substantial elevations in hepato-renal function and lipid peroxide (MDA). Moreover, Pb exposure caused a remarkable decline in the protein-immune parameters and hepatic antioxidants, along with higher Pb residual deposition in muscles and obvious histopathological changes in the liver and kidney. Interestingly, adding aqueous MNG to Pb-exposed fish relieved these alterations and increased survivability. Thus, MNG is a novel antitoxic agent against Pb toxicity to maintain the health of C. gariepinus.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental toxin utilized for the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Due to BPA’s extensive production and environmental contamination, human exposure is unavoidable. The effects of low-dose of BPA on various body tissues and organs remain controversial. Our study investigated the potential of BPA to induce biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes in the coronary artery and myocardium and the potential protective role of L-carnitine (LC). 24 adult Wistar albino male rats were divided equally into a control group, a BPA-treated group (40 mg/kg/d, by gavage for 4 weeks), and a BPA plus LC-treated group (received 40 mg/kg/d of BPA and 300 mg/kg/d of LC, by gavage for 4 weeks). BPA-exposed rats demonstrated structural anomalies in the coronary artery tissue including vacuolation of cells in the media and detachment of the endothelium of the intima. Congestion of blood vessels and infiltration by polynuclear cells were observed in the myocardium. There was an enhanced collagen deposition in both tissues indicating fibrosis. Immunohistochemical changes included enhanced eNOS and caspase-3 expression in the coronary artery and myocardium indicating vascular disease and apoptosis, respectively. Oxidative damage was evident in the coronary artery and the myocardium of BPA-treated rats, which was indicated by the reduced level of glutathione (GSH) and elevated malondydehyde (MDA) levels. The coadministration of LC significantly improved BPA-induced structural alterations and oxidative stress. In conclusion, BPA could potentially cause pathologic changes and oxidative damage in the coronary artery and myocardium, which could be improved by LC coadministration.

Lead (Pb) is a common heavy metal, which negatively influences the health and performance of aquatic organisms. The aquatic pollution with Pb is increasing day after day due to the increase in human activities, agricultural, and mining activities among others. Lead was regarded as oxidative stressor causing mutagenic and physiological disorders in aquatic animals. Hence, the current perspective assessed the promoting effects of dietary mixture of rosemary plus cinnamon (R + C) intervention on growth, hemato-biochemical, and hepatic oxidative biomarkers in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) exposed to a sub-lethal dose of lead nitrate (7.94 mg Pb/L) for 60 days. Fish were distributed into four equal groups; T1 was kept as a control group, T2 was fed on 10 g R + C/kg feed, and T3 and T4 were fed on the control diet and 10 g R + C/kg feed, respectively, along with lead nitrate exposure. Findings of the present study indicated that, upon exposure to Pb (T3), growth, hemato-biochemical, and immune indices in Nile tilapia were notably reduced compared with that of the control group (T1). Meanwhile, stress (blood glucose, cortisol, total cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), hepatic oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) biomarkers, and DNA fragmentation percentage were significantly augmented in T3 vs T1. Additionally, exposing fish to lead nitrate caused immune suppression compared with the control group (T3 vs T1). On the other hand, the dietary supplementation of R + C mix to Nile tilapia (T2) enhanced its growth performance, antioxidant, and immune status. Feeding Pb-intoxicated Nile tilapia on R + C mix (T4) mitigated the oxidative damage and immune suppression induced by lead nitrate exposure compared with T3. Based on the present study outcomes, we opine that feeding Nile tilapia with rosemary plus cinnamon mixture (10 g/kg feed) has protective effects against lead nitrate-induced stress, physiological alterations, and oxidative damage.

Assessment of acute toxicity of magnetic nanogel (MNG) is crucial to conclude the safe applicable dose and to warrant its application in aquaculture. Therefore, the current study is a novel step to assess behavior, neuro-stress response, hepato-renal, oxidative, and histopathological variations produced by MNG’ acute toxicity in Clarias gariepinus . Two experiments were conducted: the first was a determination of the 96-h lethal concentration 50 (LC 50 ) of MNG in C. gariepinus . Meanwhile, the second was an assessment of the toxicological impacts of three different concentrations of MNG in C. gariepinus following a 10-day exposure period and a subsequent 10-day depuration trial. One hundred and eighty fish were allotted to four groups exposed to 0, 1/10, 1/8, or 1/5 96-h LC 50 of MNG. The outcomes exhibited that 96-h LC 50 of MNG for C. gariepinus was 44 mg/L. The subjected group to MNG induced a concentration-dependent elevation in the serum values of cortisol, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, urea, and creatinine following MNG exposure. Marked elevation in the oxidative stress indicators (catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase activity (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) was also evident. Meanwhile, the value of the neurological biomarker, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), was markedly reduced in a concentration-dependent way. These biochemical changes were complemented by pathological alterations in the hepato-renal architecture. Interestingly, in response to the 10-day depuration period, most of the tested parameters were eliminated in C. gariepinus exposed to 1/10 of LC 50 . Conclusively, MNG can induce numerous adverse effects only at higher doses (1/5 and 1/8 of LC 50 ). Meanwhile, the lowest tested concentration of MNG (1/10 of LC 50 ) was safe for application in aquaculture practices with only mild disruptions in the bio-indices. In addition, a retrieval period of 10 days was sufficient to renovate these alterations only in fish exposed to the same concentration.

As the world recovered from the coronavirus, the emergence of the monkeypox virus signaled a potential new pandemic, highlighting the need for faster and more efficient diagnostic methods. This study introduces a hybrid architecture for automatic monkeypox diagnosis by leveraging a modified grey wolf optimization model for effective feature selection and weighting. Additionally, the system uses an ensemble of classifiers, incorporating confusion based voting scheme to combine salient data features. Evaluation on public data sets, at various of training samples percentages, showed that the proposed strategy achieves promising performance. Namely, the system yielded an overall accuracy of 98.91% with testing run time of 5.5 seconds, while using machine classifiers with small number of hyper-parameters. Additional experimental comparison reveals superior performance of the proposed system over literature approaches using various metrics. Statistical analysis also confirmed that the proposed AMDS outperformed other models after running 50 times. Finally, the generalizability of the proposed model is evaluated by testing its performance on external data sets for monkeypox and COVID-19. Our model achieved an overall diagnostic accuracy of 98.00% and 99.00% on external COVID and monkeypox data sets, respectively.

With the ability of servers to remotely control and manage a mobile robot, mobile robots are becoming more widespread as a form of remote communication and human-robot interaction. Controlling these robots, however, can be challenging because of their power consumption, delays, or the challenge of selecting the right robot for a certain task. This paper introduces a novel methodology for enhancing the efficacy of a mobile robotic network. The key two contributions of our suggested methodology are: I: A recommended strategy that eliminates the unwieldy robots before selecting the ideal robot to satisfy the task. II: A suggested procedure that uses a fuzzy algorithm to schedule the robots that need to be recharged. Since multiple robots may need to be recharged at once, this process aims to manage and control the recharging of robots in order to avoid conflicts or crowding. The suggested approach aims to preserve the charging capacity, physical resources (e.g. Hardware components), and battery life of the robots by loading the application onto a remote server node instead of individual robots. Furthermore, our solution makes use of fog servers to speed up data transfers between smart devices and the cloud, it is also used to move processing from remote cloud servers closer to the robots, improving on-site access to location-based services and real-time interaction. Simulation results showed that, our method achieved a 2.4% improvement in average accuracy and a 2.2% enhancement in average power usage over the most recent methods in the same comparable settings.

Vitamin D deficiency accelerates the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to evaluate the association of vitamin D deficiency and VDR polymorphism with CAD in T2DM. A total of 150 adult male and female subjects, aged from 40 to 60 years, were divided into three groups, each with 50 subjects; control group, T2DM, and T2DM with CAD. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) were assessed. VDR genotypes (BsmI, Taq1 and FOK1) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism. There was a significant negative correlation between serum 25-OH D and FBG, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, and a positive correlation with HDL-C levels in all diabetic patient groups. The risk of CAD was markedly higher in the group of T2DM with CAD in comparison to the control (p<0.0001) and the T2DM group. Regarding Taq1, there was also a significantly higher risk of CAD in Tt+tt genotypes and t allele in the T2DM with CAD group compared to control (p<0.001, 0.031 respectively). In addition, 25-OH D concentrations and the prevalence of VDR polymorphisms (BsmI, Taq1) were correlated with the risk of CAD. Deficiency of vitamin D and the prevalence of VDR polymorphisms (BsmI, Taq1) can serve as important markers for CAD.

The paper introduces a new path-planning robotic system methodology called Collision Avoidance and Routing based on Location Access (CARLA) for use in critical environments such as hospitals and crises where quick action and saving human lives are vital. The main focus of our framework is on accuracy and fast responses, such as delivering tools or items in a specific area while avoiding collisions with other robots and obstacles. CARLA is designed to provide quick responses during emergencies, unlike most existing algorithms that are integrated into site control units or distributed among mobile robots on-site. By being loaded onto a remote server node rather than individual robots, CARLA helps to conserve the robots' capabilities, hardware resources, and power consumption. Additionally, our system utilizes cloud computing and Fog servers technology to improve data transmission times between the cloud and smart devices, especially for applications with strict timing requirements like emergency response. The Fog platform is also leveraged to enhance on-site access to real-time interaction and location-based services by bringing processing power closer to the robots from far-off Cloud servers. CARLA has various applications, such as in factories and warehouses, where mobile robots need to be selected and directed by a central control system remotely. The proposed framework consists of three main modules: Robot Knowledge Module, Robot Selection Module, and Route Reservation Module, which will all be discussed in detail in this paper. The results of simulations using this framework show that the robots have improved flexibility and efficiency in terms of computing paths and successfully fulfiling requests without colliding, compared to traditional methods used in similar scenarios.