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BACKGROUND Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a growing concern in Egypt, yet biomarker research in this population is scarce. Identifying serum biomarkers is essential for early diagnosis and understanding disease mechanisms in underrepresented groups. METHODS We performed serum proteomic profiling on 20 Egyptian dementia patients and 10 cognitively unimpaired controls from the Egyptian Dementia Registry using mass spectrometry. Differential protein expression and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted. RESULTS Of 260 quantified proteins, 21 were significantly different between dementia patients and controls (P < 0.05). Several serine protease inhibitor and immunoglobulin family proteins were downregulated, while apolipoprotein A‐II was upregulated in dementia. Enrichment analysis revealed associations with inflammation, complement activation, and lipid metabolism pathways. CONCLUSION This is the first serum proteomic study of dementia in an Egyptian cohort, highlighting coordinated changes in protein families involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism, and emphasizing the importance of biomarker research in diverse populations. Highlights The study presents initial proteomic data from the Egyptian Dementia Registry. The Egyptian population has been underrepresented in the area of dementia research. Serine protease inhibitor G1, apolipoprotein A‐II, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein emerged as significant proteins. The work lays the foundation for more understanding of molecular determinants in dementia in the Middle East.

Reactivation of herpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in COVID-19 patients reported in many studies in different countries during the pandemic. We aimed to measure prevalence of this coinfection in Egyptian COVID-19 patients with elevated liver enzymes and its relation to the severity and the outcome of COVID-19 infection in those patients. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 110 COVID-19 patients with elevated liver enzymes regardless the severity of COVID-19 disease. All patients were subjected to medical history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, high-resolution computed tomography chest (HRCT chest). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were determined by VCA IgM and CMV IgM respectively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the included 110 patients with COVID-19 illness, 5 (4.5%) were Epstein-Barr virus seropositive and 5 (4.5%) were human cytomegalovirus seropositive. Regarding the symptoms, the incidence of fever in the EBV and CMV seropositive group was apparently higher than that in the EBV and CMV seronegative group. In lab tests, the platelets and albumin of EBV and CMV seropositive group decreased more significantly than EBV and HCMV seronegative group, and serum ferritin, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein show higher values in seropositive group than in seronegative group but not statistically significant. Seropositive group had received higher doses of steroids than seronegative group. The median of hospital stay in seropositive group was (15 days) nearly double that of seronegative group with statistically significant difference between both groups. Coinfection of EBV and CMV in COVID-19 Egyptian has no effect on the disease severity or the clinical outcome of the disease. But those patients had higher hospital stay duration.

INTRODUCTION Dementia is a growing public health challenge in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) like Egypt, where data are scarce. The Egyptian Dementia Network (EDN) registry addresses this gap by capturing epidemiological, clinical, and environmental data across Egypt. METHODS In this multicenter study, 662 participants from six governorates were enrolled using standardized tools. RESULTS The cohort had advanced age (mean 68.3 years), low education (65.9% illiterate), and high comorbidities including hypertension (55%) and diabetes (23%). Alzheimer's disease (62%) and vascular dementia (23%) predominated. Only 24.4% received pharmacological treatment and 2.1% psychosocial support, highlighting care gaps. Household insecticide exposure (20.4%) was notable. DISCUSSION EDN demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a national dementia registry in LMICs, generating baseline insights into demographic, clinical, and environmental risks. In addition, registry‐linked biosamples have enabled pilot multi‑omics and exposome analyses, underscoring its potential as a scalable scientific platform for future dementia research. Highlights Established Egypt's first national, multicenter dementia registry. Aimed to characterize dementia profiles and care gaps across diverse regions. Identified late‐stage diagnosis and limited access to dementia interventions. Uncovered unique environmental risk factors relevant to the Egyptian context. Provides a foundation for policy, research, and improved dementia care in Egypt. Overview of the Egyptian Dementia Network (EDN) registry highlighting multiple centers’ inclusion, cohort demographics, dementia diagnosis, and interventions.

Dementia poses a significant global health challenge, with increasing impact on individuals and healthcare systems. This study aims to investigate the metabolic profiles of clinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) patients in Egypt, seeking to identify connections between metabolic disruptions and environmental factors. Utilizing serum samples from 61 AD patients and 76 VaD patients compared to 100 healthy controls, the research employed untargeted LC-MS and generalized regression analysis. The findings revealed significant alterations in 59 metabolites in AD patients and 69 in VaD patients, including environmental contaminants. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis indicated distinct metabolic pathways affected in each group, such as amino acid metabolism in AD and purine metabolism in VaD. This research provides insights into the biological pathways and environmental agents linked to dementia, highlighting the need for diverse populations in metabolomic studies to improve prevention and intervention strategies globally.