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ObjectivesTo examine the internal consistency reliability and measurement invariance of a questionnaire battery designed to identify college student athletes at risk for mental health symptoms and disorders.MethodsCollege student athletes (N=993) completed questionnaires assessing 13 mental health domains: strain, anxiety, depression, suicide and self-harm ideation, sleep, alcohol use, drug use, eating disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), gambling and psychosis. Internal consistency reliability of each measure was assessed and compared between sexes as well as to previous results in elite athletes. Discriminative ability analyses were used to examine how well the cut-off score on the strain measure (Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire) predicted cut-offs on other screening questionnaires.ResultsStrain, anxiety, depression, suicide and self-harm ideation, ADHD, PTSD and bipolar questionnaires all had acceptable or better internal consistency reliability. Sleep, gambling and psychosis questionnaires had questionable internal consistency reliability, although approaching acceptable for certain sex by measure values. The athlete disordered eating measure (Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire) had poor internal consistency reliability in males and questionable internal consistency reliability in females.ConclusionsThe recommended mental health questionnaires were generally reliable for use with college student athletes. To truly determine the validity of the cut-off scores on these self-report questionnaires, future studies need to compare the questionnaires to a structured clinical interview to determine the discriminative abilities.

Purpose of Review Mental health and sleep disorder symptoms are prevalent in athlete populations, and athletes face unique challenges (e.g., competition pressures and travel demands) that may exacerbate their sleep disorders and symptoms. This review aimed to synthesize the recent literature examining specific sleep and mental health domains in athletes across age, sport, and professional levels. Recent Findings Athletes commonly experience disturbed sleep, which is related to poorer mental health. Recent literature shows that worse sleep is associated with more depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in athletes. Sleep disorders and symptoms have been linked to burnout and mood disturbances, with sleep duration and insomnia symptoms specifically linked with suicidal ideation, stress, and burnout. Summary Sleep and mental health of athletes have gained increased clinical and empirical attention, but common limitations across studies (e.g., reliance on cross-sectional data, inconsistent assessment, and definitions of sleep variables) make synthesis difficult. More research is warranted with more precise measurement of heterogenous sleep facets (e.g., duration, timing, and specific disorder symptoms).

The recommended first-line treatment for insomnia is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi), but access is limited. Telehealth- or internet-delivered CBTi are alternative ways to increase access. To date, these intervention modalities have never been compared within a single study. Further, few studies have examined (a) predictors of response to the different modalities, (b) whether successfully treating insomnia can result in improvement of health-related biomarkers, and (c) mechanisms of change in CBTi. This protocol was designed to compare the three CBTi modalities to each other and a waitlist control for adults aged 50–65 years ( N = 100). Participants are randomly assigned to one of four study arms: in-person- ( n = 30), telehealth- ( n = 30) internet-delivered ( n = 30) CBTi, or 12-week waitlist control ( n = 10). Outcomes include self-reported insomnia symptom severity, polysomnography, circadian rhythms of activity and core body temperature, blood- and sweat-based biomarkers, cognitive functioning and magnetic resonance imaging.

The present investigation sought to extend extant research on subjective sleep complaints by examining their relation to perceived sleep norms. Results from two studies showed that individuals’ distress and illness behavior in response to symptoms of fatigue and non-restorative sleep was influenced by their perceptions of peer norms for those symptoms. Individuals who believed they experienced a greater degree of fatigue and non-restorative sleep than their peers reported more distress arising from those symptoms, and were also more likely to seek social support and medical treatment for them. Furthermore, participants who scored higher in neuroticism were more likely to believe they experienced worse fatigue and non-restorative sleep than their peers, and thus reported higher symptom-related distress, and higher likelihood of engaging in illness behaviors. These results provide preliminary evidence of the clinical relevance of perceived norms in the way individuals respond to and manage sleep related problems.