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Ensemble ecosystem models (EEMs) are powerful tools for assessing the impacts of ecological management decisions made under uncertainty. However, their simplicity means they can omit finer‐scale spatial interactions and individual‐level behaviours, potentially limiting the “what if” scenario experiments available to managers and the ability of EEMs to replicate observed dynamics in relatively data‐rich case studies. In this article, we introduce a spatial agent‐based model (ABM) to explore the benefits of integrating a more complex model into the EEM framework. The ABM‐EEM is used to assess the impacts of rewilding at the Knepp Estate, UK, and predict future ecosystem states under various management intervention scenarios. A wide range of questions is explored, for example, how have species reintroductions impacted the ecosystem, and how might they continue to in the future? What is the chance of wood‐pasture habitats being maintained in the long term? Can the addition of new species or changes to stocking densities affect this probability? The ABM‐EEM approach had several advantages. Compared with a previous EEM of Knepp, calibrating the ABM‐EEM was more efficient and identified a wider range of acceptable outputs. Incorporating space and individual‐level dynamics enabled a more nuanced evaluation of the possible impacts of hypothetical European bison or elk reintroductions, and it revealed an emergent behaviour: woodland regenerated more frequently in thorny scrubland when large herbivores were present. Practical implication. While the ABM‐EEM approach comes with disadvantages such as higher computational demands and reduced transparency, it shows promise for conservation planning and decision‐making, particularly for relatively data‐rich case studies that may require a more complex model. In this study, we integrate an agent‐based model (ABM) with an ensemble ecosystem model (EEM) to assess the impacts of rewilding at the Knepp Estate, UK. The ABM‐EEM approach captures spatial and individual‐level dynamics and reveals emergent behaviours, such as increased woodland regeneration in thorny scrubland with large herbivores present. If species reintroductions had not occurred, the model predicts the ecosystem would trend towards becoming woodland‐dominant in 25 years.

Primary healthcare providers play a critical role in diagnosing and managing digestive disorders. Standardized clinical care guidelines have been developed, but with limited and inconsistent implementation. An evidence-based gastroenterology clinical care pathway (GUTLINK) has been proposed in one region of Canada; however, little is known in the medical literature about potential barriers to pathway implementation within primary care. We aimed to identify behavioral and environmental barriers and facilitators to implementation of evidence-based care pathways for undifferentiated lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms in primary care. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary healthcare providers between September 2021 and May 2022. Interview script development was guided by the COM-B framework. Interviews were transcribed and data were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. A total of 15 primary healthcare provider interviews were conducted. Several key barriers to GUTLINK implementation were identified in all three domains of the COM-B framework. Key barriers included Capability (e.g., Physician Knowledge and Access to Allied Health), Opportunity (e.g., Access to diagnostic tools), and Motivation (e.g., Comfort with managing cases and optimism). Some of these barriers have not previously been identified in medical literature. Evidence-based clinical care pathways have the potential to support access to quality gastroenterology care, yet primary healthcare providers in this study identified several barriers to implementation. Potential solutions exist at the individual and clinic levels (e.g., greater education, improved provider-specialist communication), but must be supported with systems-level changes (e.g., increased funding for gastrointestinal care and e-Health platforms) to support pathway implementation and improve quality of care.

Leaders of US-GCC business councils took part in an October 27 panel discussion to assess the future of the Arab Gulf economies. Danny Sebright, president of the US-UAE Business Council, said that the June 2014 decline in oil prices was a notable economic development for the region. This decline in oil prices spurred the GCC to make economic reforms, he explained, adding, this is one of the most important developments going on in the region today. All of the countries in the region have some kind of diversification plan underway. According to Edward Burton, president and CEO of the US-Saudi Arabian Business Council, despite alarmist narratives that have circulated since the decline in oil prices, the economy and fiscal matters of Saudi Arabia are in good shape.

TAZ::CAMTA1 is a fusion protein found in over 90% of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma (EHE), a rare vascular sarcoma with an unpredictable disease course. To date, how TAZ::CAMTA1 initiates tumour formation remains unexplained. To study the oncogenic mechanism leading to EHE initiation, we developed a model system whereby TAZ::CAMTA1 expression is induced by doxycycline in primary endothelial cells. Using this model, we establish that upon TAZ::CAMTA1 expression endothelial cells rapidly enter a hypertranscription state, triggering considerable DNA damage. As a result, TC-expressing cells become trapped in S phase. Additionally, TAZ::CAMTA1-expressing endothelial cells have impaired homologous recombination, as shown by reduced BRCA1 and RAD51 foci formation. Consequently, the DNA damage remains unrepaired and TAZ::CAMTA1-expressing cells enter senescence. Knockout of Cdkn2a , the most common secondary mutation found in EHE, allows senescence bypass and uncontrolled growth. Together, this provides a mechanistic explanation for the clinical course of EHE and offers novel insight into therapeutic options. Expression of the oncoprotein TAZ::CAMTA1 leads to hypertranscription and considerable DNA damage. As TAZ::CAMTA1-expressing cells have impaired homologous recombination, the DNA damage remains unrepaired and the cells enter senescence.

The Babile Elephant Sanctuary in Ethiopia was established in 1970 specifically to protect its elephants Loxodonta africana. They were once part of a larger population that ranged in eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia but that was largely extirpated during the 20th century. Since its establishment, the Sanctuary has experienced severe anthropogenic pressure, inadequate government support, and civil conflict. Mapping was undertaken to analyse the rate of human immigration into the Sanctuary in 2006, 2014 and 2017, as part of an assessment of the Sanctuary's effectiveness in protecting its resident elephant population and in mitigating anthropogenic pressures. From 2006 to 2017 the number of illegal houses in the Sanctuary increased from 18,000 to > 50,000, of which > 32,000 were in the area in which elephants range. This settlement, coupled with high demand for natural resources, has resulted in significant habitat destruction and could also have exacerbated human–elephant conflict. Elephant conservation and monitoring by the Born Free Foundation were challenging because of ethnic conflict; rural and political stability is required if efforts to protect wildlife are to be successful. Unless these issues are resolved and the integrity of the Sanctuary is restored, this elephant population will be extirpated in the near future.

Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare sarcoma of the vascular endothelium with an unpredictable disease course. EHE tumours can remain indolent for long period of time but may suddenly evolve into an aggressive disease with widespread metastases and a poor prognosis. Two mutually exclusive chromosomal translocations define EHE tumours, each involving one of the transcription co-factors TAZ and YAP. The TAZ-CAMTA1 fusion protein results from a t(1;3) translocation and is present in 90% of EHE tumours. The remaining 10% of EHE cases harbour a t(X;11) translocation, resulting in the YAP1-TFE3 (YT) fusion protein. Until recently, the lack of representative EHE models made it challenging to study the mechanisms by which these fusion proteins promote tumorigenesis. Here, we describe and compare the recently developed experimental approaches that are currently available for studying this cancer. After summarising the key findings obtained with each experimental approach, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these different model systems. Our survey of the current literature shows how each experimental approach can be utilised in different ways to improve our understanding of EHE initiation and progression. Ultimately, this should lead to better treatment options for patients.

Emirati businessman, writer and philanthropist Khalaf Al-Habtoor harshly criticized US foreign policy in his October 26 remarks. He accused Washington of abandoning its Arab allies by agreeing to a nuclear deal with Tehran. Iran is the largest sponsor of terrorism, a fact that the US wants to forget for its own purposes, Al-Habtoor said. The US has been blinded by the dollar sign. Al-Habtoor noted that the next president will impact everyone in the entire world, particularly on issues such as climate change, the global refugee crisis, and what he termed \"the fear of the other.\"