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This study investigates the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status, measured by the Distressed Communities Index (DCI), and short-term outcomes following colon resection. Utilizing the Maryland State Inpatient Sample database (SID 2018–2020), we determined the association between DCI and post-op outcomes following colon resection including length of stay, readmissions, 30-day in-hospital mortality, and non-routine discharges. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to control for potential confounding factors. Of the 13,839 patients studied, median age was 63, with 54.3 ​% female and 64.5 ​% elective admissions. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 36.9 ​% cases, with a median hospital stay of 5 days. Patients in distressed communities faced higher risks of emergency admission (OR: 1.31), prolonged hospitalization (OR: 1.29), non-routine discharges (OR: 1.36), and readmission (OR: 1.33). Black patients had longer stays than White patients (OR: 1.3). Despite adjustments, in-hospital mortality did not significantly differ among neighborhoods. Our study reveals that patients residing in distressed neighborhoods face a higher risk of prolonged hospitalization, non-routine discharges, and readmission rate after colon resection. •Patients from distressed neighborhoods have worse postoperative outcomes after colon resection.•The Distressed Communities Index (DCI) is a comprehensive measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status.•The DCI can serve as a preoperative risk assessment tool to optimaze patients' surgical outcome.