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"Engel, Jonathan"
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Fat nation : a history of obesity in America
The diet and weight-loss industry is worth {dollar}66 billion – billion!! The estimated annual health care costs of obesity-related illness are 190 billion or nearly 21% of annual medical spending in the United States. But how did we get here? Is this a battle we can't win? What changes need to be made in order to scale back the incidence of obesity in the US, and, indeed, around the world? Here, Jonathan Engel reviews the sources of the problem and offers the science behind our modern propensity toward obesity. He offers a plan for helping address the problem, but admits that it is, indeed, an uphill battle. Nevertheless, given the magnitude of the costs in years of life and vigor lost, it is a battle worth fighting. Fat Nation is a social history of obesity in the United States since the second World War. In confronting this familiar topic from a historical perspective, Jonathan Engel attempts to show that obesity is a symptom of complex changes that have transpired over the past half century to our food, our living habits, our life patterns, our built environments, and our social interactions. He offers readers solid grounding in the known science underlying obesity (genetic set points, complex endocrine feedback loops, neurochemical messengering) but then makes the novel argument that obesity is a result of the interaction of our genes with our environment. That is, our bodies have always been programmed to become obese, but until recently never had the opportunity to do so. Now, with cheap calories ubiquitous (particularly in the form of sucrose), unwalkable physical spaces, deteriorating rituals and norms surrounding eating, and the withering of cooking skills, nearly every American daily confronts the challenge of not putting on weight. Given the outcomes, though, for those who are obese, Engel encourages us to address the problems and offers suggestions to help remedy the problem.
eBook
Distant Touch Hydrodynamic Imaging with an Artificial Lateral Line
Nearly all underwater vehicles and surface ships today use sonar and vision for imaging and navigation. However, sonar and vision systems face various limitations, e.g., sonar blind zones, dark or murky environments, etc. Evolved over millions of years, fish use the lateral line, a distributed linear array of flow sensing organs, for underwater hydrodynamic imaging and information extraction. We demonstrate here a proof-of-concept artificial lateral line system. It enables a distant touch hydrodynamic imaging capability to critically augment sonar and vision systems. We show that the artificial lateral line can successfully perform dipole source localization and hydrodynamic wake detection. The development of the artificial lateral line is aimed at fundamentally enhancing human ability to detect, navigate, and survive in the underwater environment.
Journal Article
Fat nation : a history of obesity in America / Jonathan Engel
\"Fat Nation is a social history of obesity in the United States since the second World War. In confronting this familiar topic from a historical perspective, Jonathan Engel attempts to show that obesity is a symptom of complex changes that have transpired over the past half century to our food, our living habits, our life patterns, our built environments, and our social interactions. He offers readers solid grounding in the known science underlying obesity (genetic set points, complex endocrine feedback loops, neurochemical messengering) but then makes the novel argument that obesity is a result of the interaction of our genes with our environment. That is, our bodies have always been programmed to become obese, but until recently never had the opportunity to do so. Now, with cheap calories ubiquitous (particularly in the form of sucrose), unwalkable physical spaces, deteriorating rituals and norms surrounding eating, and the withering of cooking skills, nearly every American daily confronts the challenge of not putting on weight. Given the outcomes, though, for those who are obese, Engel encourages us to address the problems and offers suggestions to help remedy the problem.\"--Amazon.com.
eBook
Design and Fabrication of Microchannels With Embedded Electrodes Characterized Through Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
The goal of this dissertation work is the development of a microfluidic device that is capable of rapid label-free and non-invasive single cell differentiation and analysis. The ability to study cells on a single cell level is crucial in cellular biology research as well as in clinical diagnostics and therapeutic applications. Several techniques have been developed to address this extensive need for single cell analysis techniques. However, many of the developed techniques commonly employed either require the labeling of the target cell or are time consuming and require a wide range of laboratory equipment. In this study, microfluidic impedance flow cytometry is demonstrated as a technique that is able to analyze a continuous stream of cells without the need for any type of cellular labeling. From this research, it can be observed that the combination of microfluidics with impedance spectroscopy enables a device that allows the cells under study to remain unaltered during analysis. This permits greater versatility for potentially employing this technique in the fields of cellular biology, clinical diagnostics, and therapeutics.
Dissertation
Nuclear-structure corrections to the double-beta-decay operator
In order to extract an effective neutrino mass from a measurement of neutrinoless double-beta decay, one must calculate nuclear matrix elements that help determine the decay rate. QRPA and shell-model calculations of the matrix elements are contrasted, and the possibility is raised of improving the shell-model calculations by incorporating missing configurations into an effective decay operator. Preliminary results from a perturbative treatment of the missing configurations are presented.
Journal Article
Nuclear Schiff Moments and CP Violation
This paper reviews the calculation of nuclear Schiff moments, which one must know in order to interpret experiments that search for time-reversal-violating electric dipole moments in certain atoms and molecules. After briefly reviewing the connection between dipole moments and CP violation in and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, Schiff's theorem, which concerns the screening of nuclear electric dipole moments by electrons, Schiff moments, and experiments to measure dipole moments in atoms and molecules, the paper examines attempts to compute Schiff moments in nuclei such as \\(^199\\)Hg and octupole-deformed isotopes such as \\(^225\\)Ra, which are particularly useful in experiments. It then turns to ab initio nuclear-structure theory, describing ways in which both the In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group and coupled-cluster theory can be used to compute important Schiff moments more accurately than the less controlled methods that have been applied so far.
Paper
The Work and Experiences of Company and Field-Grade Officers in the Army of the Tennessse, 1861-1865
This dissertation examines the relationships and values that helped define the Army of the Tennessee’s junior officers, considers the work they did as officers and the variety of circumstances they faced during the war, and explores their attitudes on a number of major issues connected to the war. It concludes that the Army of the Tennessee’s company and field-grade officers endured the war’s trials with their moral and political worldview intact. This study begins establishing the identity of the Army of the Tennessee through a survey of its wartime operations, then explores two foundational elements of officers’ individual identities: family and religion. The study next considers the work of officers, analyzing such multifaceted roles as caretaker, bookkeeper, and leader. The dissertation also presents a variety of other Civil War experiences officers faced, from death and illness to scenery and leisure activities. With the full context of Army of the Tennessee operations, officers’ personal identities, their work, and their broader wartime experiences, the study turns to officers’ attitudes to major issues of the war, including the Union cause, slavery and race, politics, their generals, and their overall sense of hope and confidence about the war. Continuity stands out among all these topics. Officers remained committed to their families and religious faith. They continued to care for their men and value respect-based, egalitarian dealings between officers and soldiers. They never faltered in their commitment to the Union cause (a key fact for explaining their growing opposition to slavery), consistently desired aggressive generals, and unfailingly expected victory.
Dissertation