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A bstract Diboson production processes provide good targets for precision measurements at present and future hadron colliders. We consider Vh production, focusing on the h → b b ¯ decay channel, whose sizeable cross section makes it accessible at the LHC. We perform an improved analysis by combining the 0-, 1- and 2-lepton channels with a scale-invariant b -tagging algorithm that allows us to exploit events with either a boosted Higgs via mass-drop tagging or resolved b -jets. This strategy gives sensitivity to 4 dimension-6 SMEFT operators that modify the W and Z couplings to quarks and is competitive with the bounds obtained from global fits. The benefit of the h → b b ¯ decay channel is the fact that it is the only Vh channel accessible at the LHC Run 3 and HL-LHC, while at FCC-hh it is competitive with the effectively background-free h → γγ channel assuming ≲ 5% systematic uncertainty. Combining the boosted and resolved categories yields a 17% improvement on the most strongly bounded Wilson coefficient at the LHC Run 3 with respect to the boosted category alone (and a 7% improvement at FCC-hh). We also show that, at FCC-hh, a binning in the rapidity of the Vh system can significantly reduce correlations between some EFT operators. The bounds we obtain translate to a lower bound on the new physics scale of 5, 8, and 20 TeV at the LHC Run 3, HL-LHC, and FCC-hh respectively, assuming new-physics couplings of order unity. Finally, we assess the impact of the Vh production channel on anomalous triple gauge coupling measurements, comparing with their determination at lepton colliders.

A bstract The increase in luminosity and center of mass energy at the FCC-hh will open up new clean channels where BSM contributions are enhanced at high energy. In this paper we study one such channel, Wh → ℓνγγ . We estimate the sensitivity to the O φq 3 , O φ W , and O φ W ˜ SMEFT operators. We find that this channel will be competitive with fully leptonic WZ production in setting bounds on O φq 3 . We also find that the double differential distribution in the p T h and the leptonic azimuthal angle can be exploited to enhance the sensitivity to O φ W ˜ . However, the bounds on O φ W and O φ W ˜ we obtain in our analysis, though complementary and more direct, are not competitive with those coming from other measurements such as EDMs and inclusive Higgs measurements.

A bstract The future 100 TeV FCC-hh hadron collider will give access to rare but clean final states which are out of reach of the HL-LHC. One such process is the Zh production channel in the v v ¯ / ℓ + ℓ − γγ final states. We study the sensitivity of this channel to the O φq 1 , O φq 3 , O φu , and O φd SMEFT operators, which parametrize deviations of the W and Z couplings to quarks, or, equivalently, anomalous trilinear gauge couplings (aTGC). While our analysis shows that good sensitivity is only achievable for O φq 3 , we demonstrate that binning in the Zh rapidity has the potential to improve the reach on O φq 1 . Our estimated bounds are one order of magnitude better than projections at HL-LHC and is better than global fits at future lepton colliders. The sensitivity to O φq 3 is competitive with other channels that could probe the same operator at FCC-hh. Therefore, combining the different diboson channels sizeably improves the bound on O φq 3 , reaching a precision of | δg 1 z | ≲ × 10 − 4 on the deviations in the ZWW interactions.

The endeavour to discover Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics persists for both present and future particle-physics experiments. In this thesis, we utilise the framework of Efective Field Theories, more specifcally the Standard Model Efective Field Theory, to parameterise New-Physics efects in a model-independent way.We demonstrate the relevance of precision measurements both at current and future hadron colliders by studying Vh-diboson-production processes, where V collectively denotes the vector bosons W± and Z. These processes allow us to probe a set of dimension-6 operators that generate BSM efects growing with the center-of-mass energy. More specifcally, we consider the leptonic decay channels of the vector bosons and two diferent decay modes of the Higgs boson, the diphoton channel h → γγ and the hadronic h → bbchannel.The diphoton channel is characterised by a clean signature that can be separated very well from the relevant backgrounds with relatively simple methods. However, due to the small rate of this Higgs-decay channel, these processes will only become viable to probe New-Physics efects at the FCC-hh. Thanks to the large h → bb branching ratio, the Vh(→ bb) channel already provides competitive sensitivity to BSM efects at the LHC. However, it sufers from large QCD-induced backgrounds that require us to use more sophisticated analysis techniques to achieve this level of BSM sensitivity. We derive the expected bounds on the previously mentioned dimension-6 operators from the V h(→ γγ) channel at the FCC-hh and from the Vh(→ bb) channel at the LHC Run 3, HL-LHC and FCC-hh.Our study of the Vh(→ bb) channel demonstrates that extracting bounds on BSM operators at hadron colliders can be a highly non-trivial task. We believe that it can be useful or, depending on the complexity of the event structure, even essential to employ modern analysis techniques in order to measure New-Physics efects. A particular class of such modern methods are Machine-Learning algorithms, which are becoming more and more popular in particle physics. We attempt to gauge their potential in the studies of the previously mentioned diboson-production processes by replacing our conventional cut-and-count analysis with boosted decision trees that use the kinematical information of a given event in order to classify it as signal or background event. We compare the bounds we derive using this analysis strategy with the ones from the conventional cut-and-count analysis and we fnd a mild improvement of O(few %) across the diferent operators.

Extracting bounds on BSM operators at hadron colliders can be a highly non-trivial task. It can be useful or, depending on the complexity of the event structure, even essential to employ modern analysis techniques in order to measure New-Physics effects. A particular class of such modern methods are Machine-Learning algorithms, which are becoming more and more popular in particle physics. We attempt to gauge their potential in the study of \\(Vh(\\rightarrow b\\bar b)\\) production processes, focusing on the leptonic decay channels of the vector bosons. Specifically, we employ boosted decision trees using the kinematical information of a given event to discriminate between signal and background. Based on this analysis strategy, we derive bounds on four dimension-6 SMEFT operators and subsequently compare them with the ones obtained from a conventional cut-and-count analysis. We find a mild improvement of \\(\\mathcal{O}(\\mathrm{few}\\, \\%)\\) across the different operators.

Diboson production processes provide good targets for precision measurements at present and future hadron colliders. We consider \\(Vh\\) production, focusing on the \\(h \\to b\\bar b\\) decay channel, whose sizeable cross section makes it accessible at the LHC. We perform an improved analysis by combining the 0-, 1- and 2-lepton channels with a scale-invariant \\(b\\)-tagging algorithm that allows us to exploit events with either a boosted Higgs via mass-drop tagging or resolved \\(b\\)-jets. This strategy gives sensitivity to 4 dimension-6 SMEFT operators that modify the \\(W\\) and \\(Z\\) couplings to quarks and is competitive with the bounds obtained from global fits. The benefit of the \\(h\\to b\\bar b\\) decay channel is the fact that it is the only \\(Vh\\) channel accessible at the LHC Run 3 and HL-LHC, while at FCC-hh it is competitive with the effectively background-free \\(h\\to \\gamma\\gamma\\) channel assuming \\(\\lesssim 5\\)% systematic uncertainty. Combining the boosted and resolved categories yields a 17% improvement on the most strongly bounded Wilson coefficient at the LHC Run 3 with respect to the boosted category alone (and a 7% improvement at FCC-hh). We also show that, at FCC-hh, a binning in the rapidity of the \\(Vh\\) system can significantly reduce correlations between some EFT operators. The bounds we obtain translate to a lower bound on the new physics scale of \\(5\\), \\(8\\), and \\(20\\) TeV at the LHC Run 3, HL-LHC, and FCC-hh respectively, assuming new-physics couplings of order unity. Finally, we assess the impact of the \\(Vh\\) production channel on anomalous triple gauge coupling measurements, comparing with their determination at lepton colliders.

COVID-19 is not a universal killer. We study the spread of COVID-19 at the county level for the United States up until the 15\\(^{th}\\) of August, 2020. We show that the prevalence of the disease and the death rate are correlated with the local socio-economic conditions often going beyond local population density distributions, especially in rural areas. We correlate the COVID-19 prevalence and death rate with data from the US Census Bureau and point out how the spreading patterns of the disease show asymmetries in urban and rural areas separately and are preferentially affecting the counties where a large fraction of the population is non-white. Our findings can be used for more targeted policy building and deployment of resources for future occurrence of a pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2. Our methodology, based on interpretable machine learning and game theory, can be extended to study the spread of other diseases.

The increase in luminosity and center of mass energy at the FCC-hh will open up new clean channels where BSM contributions are enhanced at high energy. In this paper we study one such channel, \\(Wh \\to \\ell\\nu\\gamma\\gamma\\). We estimate the sensitivity to the \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi q}^{(3)}\\), \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi {W}}\\), and \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi \\widetilde {W}}\\) SMEFT operators. We find that this channel will be competitive with fully leptonic \\(WZ\\) production in setting bounds on \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi q}^{(3)}\\). We also find that the double differential distribution in the \\(p_T^h\\) and the leptonic azimuthal angle can be exploited to enhance the sensitivity to \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi \\widetilde {W}}\\). However, the bounds on \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi {W}}\\) and \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi \\widetilde {W}}\\) we obtain in our analysis, though complementary and more direct, are not competitive with those coming from other measurements such as EDMs and inclusive Higgs measurements.

The future 100 TeV FCC-hh hadron collider will give access to rare but clean final states which are out of reach of the HL-LHC. One such process is the \\(Zh\\) production channel in the \\((\\nu\\bar{\\nu} / \\ell^{+}\\ell^{-})\\gamma\\gamma\\) final states. We study the sensitivity of this channel to the \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi q}^{(1)}\\), \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi q}^{(3)}\\), \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi u}\\), and \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi d}\\) SMEFT operators, which parametrize deviations of the \\(W\\) and \\(Z\\) couplings to quarks, or, equivalently, anomalous trilinear gauge couplings (aTGC). While our analysis shows that good sensitivity is only achievable for \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi q}^{(3)}\\), we demonstrate that binning in the \\(Zh\\) rapidity has the potential to improve the reach on \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi q}^{(1)}\\). Our estimated bounds are one order of magnitude better than projections at HL-LHC and is better than global fits at future lepton colliders. The sensitivity to \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi q}^{(3)}\\) is competitive with other channels that could probe the same operator at FCC-hh. Therefore, combining the different diboson channels sizeably improves the bound on \\(\\mathcal{O}_{\\varphi q}^{(3)}\\), reaching a precision of \\(|\\delta g_{1z}| \\lesssim 2 \\times 10^{-4}\\) on the deviations in the \\(ZWW\\) interactions.

The diagnosis of sinonasal tumors is challenging due to a heterogeneous spectrum of various differential diagnoses as well as poorly defined, disputed entities such as sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (SNUCs). In this study, we apply a machine learning algorithm based on DNA methylation patterns to classify sinonasal tumors with clinical-grade reliability. We further show that sinonasal tumors with SNUC morphology are not as undifferentiated as their current terminology suggests but rather reassigned to four distinct molecular classes defined by epigenetic, mutational and proteomic profiles. This includes two classes with neuroendocrine differentiation, characterized by IDH2 or SMARCA4/ARID1A mutations with an overall favorable clinical course, one class composed of highly aggressive SMARCB1-deficient carcinomas and another class with tumors that represent potentially previously misclassified adenoid cystic carcinomas. Our findings can aid in improving the diagnostic classification of sinonasal tumors and could help to change the current perception of SNUCs. Sinonasal tumour diagnosis can be complicated by the heterogeneity of disease and classification systems. Here, the authors use machine learning to classify sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas into 4 molecular classe with differences in differentiation state and clinical outcome.